砂浆泵泵送机构的研究
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摘要
砂浆泵是一种技术含量较高的机械产品，在建筑工程施工中应用广泛。砂浆泵泵送机构是砂浆泵技术的核心，是保证砂浆泵流量均匀性的技术关键。目前，国内往往根据经验或类比国外产品的结构参数进行设计，缺乏理论指导。
本文基于对主从活塞式砂浆泵工作原理的分析，运用向量法和机构替代的原理对泵送机构进行了完整的运动分析，确定了泵送机构中的关键部件补偿凸轮机构的运动规律。通过建立补偿凸轮机构的压力角和曲率半径的计算公式，确定了凸轮机构的基本尺寸。利用“反转法”，确定了补偿凸轮的理论廓线及实际廓线。并以此为依据实例分析、确定了UB8.0型砂浆泵补偿凸轮的基本尺寸及其轮廓曲线。数据分析了主从活塞式砂浆泵机构尺寸参数变化对泵工作性能的影响，分析了主从活塞式砂浆泵的排量曲线，以及补偿缸工作的过渡区间对泵工作性能的影响，找到了泵实际工作性能与理论模型的差别并提出改善措施，对该砂浆泵的设计提出指导性建议。
提出了一种新型的砂浆泵——互逆活塞式砂浆泵，采用等速螺线作为凸轮工作段廓线，并进行了运动分析。为避免互逆活塞式砂浆泵在运动过程中出现的“刚性冲击”，对凸轮机构进行了修正设计，并分析了修正凸轮机构的运动特性。
为使砂浆泵向高速化方向发展，提出了一种高速凸轮机构，并以弹性理论为基础，建立了高速凸轮机构的动力学模型。通过正弦加速度运动规律得到了凸轮机构输出端的动态响应，为凸轮廓线的没计-奠定了基础，为砂浆泵的研究提供了崭新的思路。
Mortar pump is the upper technology kind of mechanical production, and it was abroad used in architecture engineering. The pump transport mechanism of mortar pump is core of mortar pump technique, and it is the key of technic problem on well-proportioned flux of mortar pump. At present, the domestic structure parameter was usually designed according as experience or overseas production, and the theory guidance is absence.
Based on the analysis of the working principle to principal and subordinate piston mortar pump, this thesis perfectly discusses the movements of the pump transport mechanism with the rule of vector and the principle of mechanism substitute, and make sure the movement rule of the compensatory cam mechanism, the essential dimensions of the compensatory transport mechanism was ascertained with the expressions of the pressure angle and curvature radius. The theoretic contour line and actual contour line of compensatory cam was ascertained with "reversal method". According to the conclusion, the essential dimensions and contour line of the compensatory cam of UB8.0 mortar pump was analyzed and ascertained. This thesis analyze the effects of its mechanism dimension to the working properties with many of date, and the flux curve of principal and subordinate piston mortar pump, and the effects of the transition working area of the compensatory cylinder to the working properties, and find the differences between the
actual properties and the theoretical model, proposes the measures for the improvements, as well as gives the guiding instructions for the mortar pump design.
A new type of mortar pump was designed, namely the commutative piston mortar pump, the spirality line of equal velocity was regarded as the contour line of the cam working, and the cam mechanism was analyzed of the movements. For the avoidance of rigidity impact of commutative piston mortar pump in movement, the amendatory cam mechanism was designed, and the characteristic
of movements was analyzed.
For the development of the high-speed mortar pump, A type of high-speed cam mechanism was put forward; and its dynamics model was established with the theory of elasticity. The dynamic response of the cam mechanism fan-out was found with the rule of sinusoid acceleration , and these establish the foundation of the design of the cam contour line, and provide a fire-new idea for the research of the mortar pump.
本文基于对主从活塞式砂浆泵工作原理的分析，运用向量法和机构替代的原理对泵送机构进行了完整的运动分析，确定了泵送机构中的关键部件补偿凸轮机构的运动规律。通过建立补偿凸轮机构的压力角和曲率半径的计算公式，确定了凸轮机构的基本尺寸。利用“反转法”，确定了补偿凸轮的理论廓线及实际廓线。并以此为依据实例分析、确定了UB8.0型砂浆泵补偿凸轮的基本尺寸及其轮廓曲线。数据分析了主从活塞式砂浆泵机构尺寸参数变化对泵工作性能的影响，分析了主从活塞式砂浆泵的排量曲线，以及补偿缸工作的过渡区间对泵工作性能的影响，找到了泵实际工作性能与理论模型的差别并提出改善措施，对该砂浆泵的设计提出指导性建议。
提出了一种新型的砂浆泵——互逆活塞式砂浆泵，采用等速螺线作为凸轮工作段廓线，并进行了运动分析。为避免互逆活塞式砂浆泵在运动过程中出现的“刚性冲击”，对凸轮机构进行了修正设计，并分析了修正凸轮机构的运动特性。
为使砂浆泵向高速化方向发展，提出了一种高速凸轮机构，并以弹性理论为基础，建立了高速凸轮机构的动力学模型。通过正弦加速度运动规律得到了凸轮机构输出端的动态响应，为凸轮廓线的没计-奠定了基础，为砂浆泵的研究提供了崭新的思路。
Mortar pump is the upper technology kind of mechanical production, and it was abroad used in architecture engineering. The pump transport mechanism of mortar pump is core of mortar pump technique, and it is the key of technic problem on well-proportioned flux of mortar pump. At present, the domestic structure parameter was usually designed according as experience or overseas production, and the theory guidance is absence.
Based on the analysis of the working principle to principal and subordinate piston mortar pump, this thesis perfectly discusses the movements of the pump transport mechanism with the rule of vector and the principle of mechanism substitute, and make sure the movement rule of the compensatory cam mechanism, the essential dimensions of the compensatory transport mechanism was ascertained with the expressions of the pressure angle and curvature radius. The theoretic contour line and actual contour line of compensatory cam was ascertained with "reversal method". According to the conclusion, the essential dimensions and contour line of the compensatory cam of UB8.0 mortar pump was analyzed and ascertained. This thesis analyze the effects of its mechanism dimension to the working properties with many of date, and the flux curve of principal and subordinate piston mortar pump, and the effects of the transition working area of the compensatory cylinder to the working properties, and find the differences between the
actual properties and the theoretical model, proposes the measures for the improvements, as well as gives the guiding instructions for the mortar pump design.
A new type of mortar pump was designed, namely the commutative piston mortar pump, the spirality line of equal velocity was regarded as the contour line of the cam working, and the cam mechanism was analyzed of the movements. For the avoidance of rigidity impact of commutative piston mortar pump in movement, the amendatory cam mechanism was designed, and the characteristic
of movements was analyzed.
For the development of the high-speed mortar pump, A type of high-speed cam mechanism was put forward; and its dynamics model was established with the theory of elasticity. The dynamic response of the cam mechanism fan-out was found with the rule of sinusoid acceleration , and these establish the foundation of the design of the cam contour line, and provide a fire-new idea for the research of the mortar pump.
引文
[1]http://www. cabr_m. com
[2]http://www. putzmeister.com. cn
[3]汪锡龄、张保义：我国建筑机械的发展和主要技术成就，建筑机械，NO．10，1999
[4]张华、霍玉兰、薛抱新：我国建筑机械的发展趋势及“十五”设想，建筑机械化，NO．6，2000
[5]李永江：推广应用机械喷涂抹灰技术，建筑机械化，NO．1，2001
[6]何青生：泵送喷涂机械，建筑机械化，NO．5，1996
[7]梁振辉、樊心耿：砂浆喷涂机的应用，建筑机械化，NO．3，1992
[8]王延泉、何同文：机械喷涂抹灰施工，建筑机械化，NO．6，1995
[9]王幼行：推广机械喷涂抹灰技术的实践与体会，建筑机械化，NO．6，1997
[10]倪修仁：机械化喷涂抹灰施工技术的应用研究，建筑机械化，NO．2，1990
[11]张德林：UH4.5型灰浆联合机，建筑机械化，NO．7，1988
[12]何文波：谈谈对灰浆机的技术改造，建筑机械化，NO．2，1989
[13]施亚平：双活塞灰浆泵驱动凸轮轮廓设计，建筑机械化，NO．1，1988
[14]何青生、于汝泳等：砂浆泵匀速出浆的研究，建筑机械化，NO,2，1997
[15]郭建、顾学仁等：灰浆联合机中砂浆泵运动分析，建筑机械，NO．8，2001
[16]张大可、顾学仁等：双活塞缸砂浆泵补偿机构设计和运行理论分析，建筑机械化，NO．1．1998
[17]郭建、顾学仁等：双活塞缸砂浆泵补偿凸轮曲线设计，工程机械，NO．9，2001
[18]张大可、刘振军等：补偿型砂浆泵工作性能和机构尺寸参数分析，NO．5，2000
[19]张清国：建筑工程机械，重庆大学出版社，1998
[20]扬天佑：建筑装饰工程施工，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[21]胡炎林、黄士基：机械基础及建筑机械，武汉工业大学出版社，1989
[22]孙恒、傅则绍：机械原理，高等教育出版社，1994
[22]孙恒、傅则绍：机械原理，高等教育出版社，1994
[23]申永胜：机械原理教程，清化大学出版社，1999
[24]陆震：高等机械原理，北京航空航天出版社，2001
[25]阎敏、王文博：机械设计基础，机械工业出版社，1999
[26]J．费尔梅著，孙可宗、周有强译：机构学教程，高等教育出版社，1990
[27]沈世德：实用机械学，中国纺织出版社，1997
[28]管荣法：凸轮与凸轮机构，国防工业出版社，1993
[29]赵韩、丁爵曾、梁锦华：凸轮机构设计，高等教育出版社，1993
[30]邹慧君、董师予等：凸轮机构的现代设计，上海交通大学出版社，1991
[31]扬基厚：机构运动学与动力学，机械工业出版社，1987
[32]傅则绍、卢子磬：机构设计，石油大学出版社，1998
[33]谢存禧、郑时雄：机构系统设计，上海科学技术出版社，1996
[34]崔磊、高桂萍：凸轮廓线的解析设计，机械设计，NO．1，1991
[35]钮志红、王旭：确定滚子摆动从动件盘状凸轮机构基本尺寸新方法，机械设计，NO．4，1994
[36]郭培全、孙宾：阿基米德螺线凸轮机构的研究，机械设计，NO．3，1996
[37]葛正浩、扬芙莲等：凸轮机构运动学研究综述，机械设计，NO．3，2001
[38]扬传民、孟彩芳：速度及加速度曲线的不连续性对凸轮机构的影响，机械设计，NO．3，1998
[39]FAN Y. CHEN: Mechanics and Design of Cam Mechanisms, New York, Pergamon, 1982
[40]R.H.WARRING: Pump Selection Systems and Applications, England, Trade & Technical Press Limited, 1984
[41]Brian Nesbitt: System effects in positive displacement pumping, World pumps, NO. 397, 2000
[42]Bernard R Frey: Rethinking the piston pump -a physicist's conviction, World pumps, NO. 401, 2000
[2]http://www. putzmeister.com. cn
[3]汪锡龄、张保义：我国建筑机械的发展和主要技术成就，建筑机械，NO．10，1999
[4]张华、霍玉兰、薛抱新：我国建筑机械的发展趋势及“十五”设想，建筑机械化，NO．6，2000
[5]李永江：推广应用机械喷涂抹灰技术，建筑机械化，NO．1，2001
[6]何青生：泵送喷涂机械，建筑机械化，NO．5，1996
[7]梁振辉、樊心耿：砂浆喷涂机的应用，建筑机械化，NO．3，1992
[8]王延泉、何同文：机械喷涂抹灰施工，建筑机械化，NO．6，1995
[9]王幼行：推广机械喷涂抹灰技术的实践与体会，建筑机械化，NO．6，1997
[10]倪修仁：机械化喷涂抹灰施工技术的应用研究，建筑机械化，NO．2，1990
[11]张德林：UH4.5型灰浆联合机，建筑机械化，NO．7，1988
[12]何文波：谈谈对灰浆机的技术改造，建筑机械化，NO．2，1989
[13]施亚平：双活塞灰浆泵驱动凸轮轮廓设计，建筑机械化，NO．1，1988
[14]何青生、于汝泳等：砂浆泵匀速出浆的研究，建筑机械化，NO,2，1997
[15]郭建、顾学仁等：灰浆联合机中砂浆泵运动分析，建筑机械，NO．8，2001
[16]张大可、顾学仁等：双活塞缸砂浆泵补偿机构设计和运行理论分析，建筑机械化，NO．1．1998
[17]郭建、顾学仁等：双活塞缸砂浆泵补偿凸轮曲线设计，工程机械，NO．9，2001
[18]张大可、刘振军等：补偿型砂浆泵工作性能和机构尺寸参数分析，NO．5，2000
[19]张清国：建筑工程机械，重庆大学出版社，1998
[20]扬天佑：建筑装饰工程施工，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[21]胡炎林、黄士基：机械基础及建筑机械，武汉工业大学出版社，1989
[22]孙恒、傅则绍：机械原理，高等教育出版社，1994
[22]孙恒、傅则绍：机械原理，高等教育出版社，1994
[23]申永胜：机械原理教程，清化大学出版社，1999
[24]陆震：高等机械原理，北京航空航天出版社，2001
[25]阎敏、王文博：机械设计基础，机械工业出版社，1999
[26]J．费尔梅著，孙可宗、周有强译：机构学教程，高等教育出版社，1990
[27]沈世德：实用机械学，中国纺织出版社，1997
[28]管荣法：凸轮与凸轮机构，国防工业出版社，1993
[29]赵韩、丁爵曾、梁锦华：凸轮机构设计，高等教育出版社，1993
[30]邹慧君、董师予等：凸轮机构的现代设计，上海交通大学出版社，1991
[31]扬基厚：机构运动学与动力学，机械工业出版社，1987
[32]傅则绍、卢子磬：机构设计，石油大学出版社，1998
[33]谢存禧、郑时雄：机构系统设计，上海科学技术出版社，1996
[34]崔磊、高桂萍：凸轮廓线的解析设计，机械设计，NO．1，1991
[35]钮志红、王旭：确定滚子摆动从动件盘状凸轮机构基本尺寸新方法，机械设计，NO．4，1994
[36]郭培全、孙宾：阿基米德螺线凸轮机构的研究，机械设计，NO．3，1996
[37]葛正浩、扬芙莲等：凸轮机构运动学研究综述，机械设计，NO．3，2001
[38]扬传民、孟彩芳：速度及加速度曲线的不连续性对凸轮机构的影响，机械设计，NO．3，1998
[39]FAN Y. CHEN: Mechanics and Design of Cam Mechanisms, New York, Pergamon, 1982
[40]R.H.WARRING: Pump Selection Systems and Applications, England, Trade & Technical Press Limited, 1984
[41]Brian Nesbitt: System effects in positive displacement pumping, World pumps, NO. 397, 2000
[42]Bernard R Frey: Rethinking the piston pump -a physicist's conviction, World pumps, NO. 401, 2000
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