粘弹与粘滞阻尼器在建筑减震中的性能分析与比较
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摘要
随着各国对结构抗震的重视以及研究的深入，振动控制成为建筑物抵抗地震作用，减小地震响应的一种有效方法。其中利用粘弹性和粘滞流体阻尼器对结构进行被动控制的方法，由于其有效性、经济性和安装后不再需要维护，而被越来越多的结构设计所采用。
本文对粘弹性和粘滞阻尼器在与支撑连接后的阻尼装置建立了统一的力学模型，并研究了支撑刚度对其性能参数的影响。认为在支撑刚度非常大的情况下可以忽略支撑的影响，直接采用阻尼器的参数进行结构的抗震设计。如果支撑刚度较小，应采用本文推倒的公式计算阻尼装置的性能参数；利用单质点模型进行阻尼结构在简谐荷载作用下的性能分析，并比较了粘弹性与粘滞阻尼结构在振动控制方面的性能差异；最后利用数值方法分别对未安装阻尼装置结构，安装了粘弹和粘滞阻尼装置的三种结构进行了反应谱和时程分析，得到了与理论分析一致的结果。证明了粘弹与粘滞阻尼装置对结构振动控制的有效性，以及粘滞阻尼装置在减震方面的优越性。
With the recognition of the importance of the aseismic engineering and the development of the research, vibration control has become a effective solution to help people reduce the response of buildings in earthquake. One of these methods, passive control using viscoelastic or viscous dampers, has been applied to more and more projects in the past, because they can reduce the seismic response effectively, economically and rarely need to be repaired after they are installed.
A uniform mathematical formula has been established for the two devices consisting of brace and viscoelastic damper or viscous damper. After analysis of the parameters of the devices, a conclusion is achieved that we can directly use the parameters of the dampers instead of devices to design the buildings in the common situation. Then a one-freedom modal is used to compare the differences of performance between these two dampers under harmonic load. Finally, three buildings, which are installed with viscoelastic dampers, viscous dampers and no dampers respectively, are analyzed using finite element method, time history method and response spectrum method, and the result is the same as that of harmonic analysis. This result testifies not only the efficiency of the two kinds of dampers, but also the superiority of the viscous dampers over viscous-elastic dampers.
本文对粘弹性和粘滞阻尼器在与支撑连接后的阻尼装置建立了统一的力学模型，并研究了支撑刚度对其性能参数的影响。认为在支撑刚度非常大的情况下可以忽略支撑的影响，直接采用阻尼器的参数进行结构的抗震设计。如果支撑刚度较小，应采用本文推倒的公式计算阻尼装置的性能参数；利用单质点模型进行阻尼结构在简谐荷载作用下的性能分析，并比较了粘弹性与粘滞阻尼结构在振动控制方面的性能差异；最后利用数值方法分别对未安装阻尼装置结构，安装了粘弹和粘滞阻尼装置的三种结构进行了反应谱和时程分析，得到了与理论分析一致的结果。证明了粘弹与粘滞阻尼装置对结构振动控制的有效性，以及粘滞阻尼装置在减震方面的优越性。
With the recognition of the importance of the aseismic engineering and the development of the research, vibration control has become a effective solution to help people reduce the response of buildings in earthquake. One of these methods, passive control using viscoelastic or viscous dampers, has been applied to more and more projects in the past, because they can reduce the seismic response effectively, economically and rarely need to be repaired after they are installed.
A uniform mathematical formula has been established for the two devices consisting of brace and viscoelastic damper or viscous damper. After analysis of the parameters of the devices, a conclusion is achieved that we can directly use the parameters of the dampers instead of devices to design the buildings in the common situation. Then a one-freedom modal is used to compare the differences of performance between these two dampers under harmonic load. Finally, three buildings, which are installed with viscoelastic dampers, viscous dampers and no dampers respectively, are analyzed using finite element method, time history method and response spectrum method, and the result is the same as that of harmonic analysis. This result testifies not only the efficiency of the two kinds of dampers, but also the superiority of the viscous dampers over viscous-elastic dampers.
引文
1．周福霖．工程结构减震控制．北京：地震出版社，1997
2．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
3. Kobri T. Future Direction on Research and Development of Seismic-response Controlled Proc.1th World Conf. Struct. Control, 19-31,1994
4. Oh Jinping, Wu Bo, Tsu T. Soong. Recent Advance in Research on Applications of Passive Energy Dissipation System. 地震工程与工程振动，16(3), 1996
5．王松涛，曹资．现代抗震设计方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
6．丁文镜．减振理论．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
7．沈聚敏，周锡元等．抗震工程学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．2000
8．刘大海，杨翠如．高层建筑抗震设计．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1993
9．张阿舟，姚起航．振动控制工程．北京：航空工业出版社．1989
10．高小旺，龚思礼等．建筑抗震设计规范理解与应用．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．2002
11．徐赵东，刘军生，沈亚鹏，赵鸿铁．粘弹性阻尼器温频影响效应的计算模型及结构分析．振动与冲击．21(1)，2002
12. C. S. Tsai, H. H. Lee. Application of Viscoelastic Dampers to High-Rise Buildings. ASCE, Journal of Structure Engineering. 119(4), 1993
13．刘季，周云．结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(上)．哈尔滨建筑大学学报．28(4)，1995
14．吴波，李惠．我国结构被动控制工程应用的几个问题．振动工程学报．12(2)，1999
15．周云，徐彤，俞公骅，李希平．耗能减震技术研究及应用的新进展．地震工程与工程振动．19(2)，1999
16．吴波，李惠，陶全兴，郭安薪．安装粘滞阻尼器结构的抗震设计方法研究．地震工程与工程振动．20(1)，2000
17．叶正强，李爱群等．采用粘滞流体阻尼器的工程结构减振设计研究．建筑结构学报．22(4)，2001
18．葛晓明，肖忠来．粘弹性阻尼器在控制高层钢结构建筑风振反应中的应
用．苏州大学学报．17(4)，2001
19．吴波，郭安薪，李惠．安装被动耗能装置的结构的抗震设计方法．世界地震工程．14(4)，1998
20. Gokhan Pekcan, John B. Mander, Stuard S. Chen. Design and Rereofit Methodology for Building Structures with Supplemental Energy Dissipation Systems. Report No. MCEER-99-0021, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York, 1999
21. A. Ashour, R. D. Hanson, R. E. Scholl. Effects of Supplemental Damping on Earthquake Response. Proc. ATC Seminar on Base Isolation and Passive Energy Dissipation. 1986
22. M. C. Contantinou, M. D. Symans. Experimental and Analysis Investigation of Seismic Response of Structure with Supplemental Fluid Viscous Dampers. Report No. NCEER-92-0032. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research. 1992
23．邹向阳，欧进萍．粘弹性耗能器的性能与结构减震试验研究．振动工程学报．12(2)，1999
24. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Fema302, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 1997
25. K. Kasai, J. A. Munsh, M.-L. Jeong, B. F. Mainson. Viscoelastic Damper Hysteretic Model: Theory, Experiments, and Application. Proc. ATC-17-1 Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation, and Active Control. Applied Technology Council, U. S. A., 1993
26. M. L. Lai, P. Lu, D. A. Lunsford, K. Kasai, K. C. Chang. Viscouelastic Damper: a Damper with Linear or Nonlinear Material. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
27. D. P. Taytor. Fluid Damper for Application of Seismic Energy Dissipation and Seismic Isolation. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
28. A. A. Seleemah, M. C. Constantinou. Investigation of Seismic Response of Buildings with Linear and Nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers. Report No.NCEER-97-0004. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York, 1997
29．黄玉盈．结构振动分析基础．武昌：华中工学院出版社．1988
30. Ray W. Clough, Joseph Pensien. Dynamics of Structures(second edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1993
31．方同，薛璞．振动理论及应用．西北工业大学出版社．1998
32．杨荣，王肇民．粘弹性阻尼器控制高层建筑地震响应的研究．同济大学学报．26(6)，1998
33．吴波，郭安薪．粘弹性阻尼器的性能研究．地震工程与工程振动．18(2)，1998
34．周云，徐赵东，赵鸿铁．粘弹性阻尼结构的性能、分析方法及工程应用．地震工程与工程振动．18(3)，1998
35．徐赵东，赵鸿铁，郭迎庆，周云．粘弹性阻尼结构的现代控制理论分析．西安建筑科技大学学报．32(2)，2000
36．周云，刘季．新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究．地震工程与工程振动．18(1)，1998
37．范峰，沈世钊．网壳结构的粘滞阻尼减振分析与试验研究．地震工程与工程振动．20(1)，2000
38．尹邦信，赵明波．设置粘弹性阻尼器的结构地震反应时程分析的几个问题．西南工学院学报．15(3)，2000
39．吴波，郭安薪．设有粘弹性阻尼器的结构体系的受力分析．世界地震工程．14(3)，1998
40．龙旭，吴斌，欧进萍．抗震结构的阻尼减振效果分析．世界地震工程．17(1)，2001
41．欧进萍，吴波，龙旭．结构被动耗能减振效果的参数影晌．地震工程与工程振动．18(1)，1998
42．王亚勇，刘小弟，程民宪．建筑结构时程分析法输入地震波的研究．建筑结构学报．12(2)，1991
43．周云．耗能减震结构的抗震设计原则与设计方法．世界地震工程．14(4)，199R
44. Ri-Hui Zhang, T. T. Soong. Seismic Design of Viscoelastic Dampers for Structure Applications. ASCE, Jounal of Structure Engineering. 118(5), 1992
45．魏文晖，王雪亮，卢哲安．设置斜撑粘弹性阻尼器框架结构空间协同工作分析方法的控制研究．地震工程与工程振动．22(2)，2002
46. Linda M. Tam, Rakesh K. Goel. Supplemental Viscous Damping Effects on Seismic Demands of Linear Elastic Systems. Master's Thesis, California Polytechnic State University. 2000
47．王瑁成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版社．1997
48．王焕定，吴德伦，林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
2．武田寿一．纪晓惠等译．建筑物隔震防振与控振．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
3. Kobri T. Future Direction on Research and Development of Seismic-response Controlled Proc.1th World Conf. Struct. Control, 19-31,1994
4. Oh Jinping, Wu Bo, Tsu T. Soong. Recent Advance in Research on Applications of Passive Energy Dissipation System. 地震工程与工程振动，16(3), 1996
5．王松涛，曹资．现代抗震设计方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
6．丁文镜．减振理论．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
7．沈聚敏，周锡元等．抗震工程学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．2000
8．刘大海，杨翠如．高层建筑抗震设计．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1993
9．张阿舟，姚起航．振动控制工程．北京：航空工业出版社．1989
10．高小旺，龚思礼等．建筑抗震设计规范理解与应用．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．2002
11．徐赵东，刘军生，沈亚鹏，赵鸿铁．粘弹性阻尼器温频影响效应的计算模型及结构分析．振动与冲击．21(1)，2002
12. C. S. Tsai, H. H. Lee. Application of Viscoelastic Dampers to High-Rise Buildings. ASCE, Journal of Structure Engineering. 119(4), 1993
13．刘季，周云．结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(上)．哈尔滨建筑大学学报．28(4)，1995
14．吴波，李惠．我国结构被动控制工程应用的几个问题．振动工程学报．12(2)，1999
15．周云，徐彤，俞公骅，李希平．耗能减震技术研究及应用的新进展．地震工程与工程振动．19(2)，1999
16．吴波，李惠，陶全兴，郭安薪．安装粘滞阻尼器结构的抗震设计方法研究．地震工程与工程振动．20(1)，2000
17．叶正强，李爱群等．采用粘滞流体阻尼器的工程结构减振设计研究．建筑结构学报．22(4)，2001
18．葛晓明，肖忠来．粘弹性阻尼器在控制高层钢结构建筑风振反应中的应
用．苏州大学学报．17(4)，2001
19．吴波，郭安薪，李惠．安装被动耗能装置的结构的抗震设计方法．世界地震工程．14(4)，1998
20. Gokhan Pekcan, John B. Mander, Stuard S. Chen. Design and Rereofit Methodology for Building Structures with Supplemental Energy Dissipation Systems. Report No. MCEER-99-0021, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York, 1999
21. A. Ashour, R. D. Hanson, R. E. Scholl. Effects of Supplemental Damping on Earthquake Response. Proc. ATC Seminar on Base Isolation and Passive Energy Dissipation. 1986
22. M. C. Contantinou, M. D. Symans. Experimental and Analysis Investigation of Seismic Response of Structure with Supplemental Fluid Viscous Dampers. Report No. NCEER-92-0032. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research. 1992
23．邹向阳，欧进萍．粘弹性耗能器的性能与结构减震试验研究．振动工程学报．12(2)，1999
24. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Fema302, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 1997
25. K. Kasai, J. A. Munsh, M.-L. Jeong, B. F. Mainson. Viscoelastic Damper Hysteretic Model: Theory, Experiments, and Application. Proc. ATC-17-1 Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation, and Active Control. Applied Technology Council, U. S. A., 1993
26. M. L. Lai, P. Lu, D. A. Lunsford, K. Kasai, K. C. Chang. Viscouelastic Damper: a Damper with Linear or Nonlinear Material. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
27. D. P. Taytor. Fluid Damper for Application of Seismic Energy Dissipation and Seismic Isolation. Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Elsevier Science Ltd, Mexico, 1996
28. A. A. Seleemah, M. C. Constantinou. Investigation of Seismic Response of Buildings with Linear and Nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers. Report No.NCEER-97-0004. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York, 1997
29．黄玉盈．结构振动分析基础．武昌：华中工学院出版社．1988
30. Ray W. Clough, Joseph Pensien. Dynamics of Structures(second edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1993
31．方同，薛璞．振动理论及应用．西北工业大学出版社．1998
32．杨荣，王肇民．粘弹性阻尼器控制高层建筑地震响应的研究．同济大学学报．26(6)，1998
33．吴波，郭安薪．粘弹性阻尼器的性能研究．地震工程与工程振动．18(2)，1998
34．周云，徐赵东，赵鸿铁．粘弹性阻尼结构的性能、分析方法及工程应用．地震工程与工程振动．18(3)，1998
35．徐赵东，赵鸿铁，郭迎庆，周云．粘弹性阻尼结构的现代控制理论分析．西安建筑科技大学学报．32(2)，2000
36．周云，刘季．新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究．地震工程与工程振动．18(1)，1998
37．范峰，沈世钊．网壳结构的粘滞阻尼减振分析与试验研究．地震工程与工程振动．20(1)，2000
38．尹邦信，赵明波．设置粘弹性阻尼器的结构地震反应时程分析的几个问题．西南工学院学报．15(3)，2000
39．吴波，郭安薪．设有粘弹性阻尼器的结构体系的受力分析．世界地震工程．14(3)，1998
40．龙旭，吴斌，欧进萍．抗震结构的阻尼减振效果分析．世界地震工程．17(1)，2001
41．欧进萍，吴波，龙旭．结构被动耗能减振效果的参数影晌．地震工程与工程振动．18(1)，1998
42．王亚勇，刘小弟，程民宪．建筑结构时程分析法输入地震波的研究．建筑结构学报．12(2)，1991
43．周云．耗能减震结构的抗震设计原则与设计方法．世界地震工程．14(4)，199R
44. Ri-Hui Zhang, T. T. Soong. Seismic Design of Viscoelastic Dampers for Structure Applications. ASCE, Jounal of Structure Engineering. 118(5), 1992
45．魏文晖，王雪亮，卢哲安．设置斜撑粘弹性阻尼器框架结构空间协同工作分析方法的控制研究．地震工程与工程振动．22(2)，2002
46. Linda M. Tam, Rakesh K. Goel. Supplemental Viscous Damping Effects on Seismic Demands of Linear Elastic Systems. Master's Thesis, California Polytechnic State University. 2000
47．王瑁成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版社．1997
48．王焕定，吴德伦，林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
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