塑料土工格栅加筋土动力特性的试验研究及其动力有限元分析
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摘要
本文首先介绍了土工加筋技术的应用现状及其发展前景，系统分析研究了加筋土的设计计算理论，总结了国内外在加筋土动力行为特性方面的研究成果，提出研究地震作用下塑料土工格栅加筋土动力行为特性的必要性和可行性。
然后，总结了塑料土工格栅加筋土静应力应变特性的一般理论，分析了塑料土工格栅筋材在挡墙中的拉应力分布和塑料土工格栅与土的界面特性以及筋土间摩擦应力的分布。根据设计的塑料土工格栅加筋土动力特性试验的模型，采用有限元时程分析方法分析了地震作用下模型加筋土的非线性动力行为特性。介绍了土工格栅加筋土动力特性试验研究所采取的试验方法和试验措施，汇总了全部试验成果并进行了整理。通过对比有限元计算结果和试验数据，分析得出塑料土工格栅筋材的最大动拉应力的分布与静拉应力的分布沿筋材的埋深大致相同，只是应力的值大小不同；地震作用下土筋间的动似摩擦系数是随地震加速度的增加而减小；模型沿墙高方向的加速度响应等。
接着，根据模型动力有限元时程分析结果和模型试验数据的比较分析，得出由土体单元、接触单元和筋材单元组合的塑料土工格栅加筋土非线性动力有限元分析模式的合理性。
最后，根据有限元计算结果和试验数据对比现行的《公路加筋土工程设计规范》(JTJ015-91)，建议地震烈度在7度以上(包括7度)的地区应对加筋土挡墙结构采取地震危险性分析设计，应对加筋土挡墙进行筋材抗震强度和筋材抗拔稳定安全系数的验算。
本文通过有限元方法和模型试验分析得出的土工格栅加筋土动力行为特性，为将来进一步研究塑料土工格栅加筋土挡墙的动力行为特性打下基础，并将对制定土工格栅加筋土挡墙结构设计规范地震荷载部分有一定的参考价值。
In this thesis, firstly, the application and development of Earth Reinforcement technique is introduced, and the design and the calculation method of Reinforced Earth are analysed. Recent developments on Reinforced Earth under seismic excitation in our country and on the world are presented. The necessity and feasibility of researching the characteristic of Polymer-Gecgrid Reinforced Earth under seismic excitation are proposed.
Secondly, the static stress and strain characteristic of Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth is summarized, the pulling stress distributing of the reinforced material in the earth walls, the interface characteristeric between the reinforced material and earth and the friction stress distributing between the reinforced material and earth are analysed. A small scale Geogrid Reinforced Earth experimental model is designed, and its nonlinear seismic behavior under seismic excitation is analysed by Seismic Finite Element Analysis Method. The experimental method and measure of seismic test research of Geogrid Reinforced Earth are introduced. All experimental investigation results are collected and summarized. Compared the results of FEA and the data of experiment, we can analyse that the distributing of the seismic stress of Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced material is similar to that of the static stress, but the stress values of them is different; the seismic similar friction coefficient between the earth and reinforced
material fall with the increasing of earthquake acceleration , model acceleration respond along the height of the model , etc.
Thirdly, according to the comparison and analysis of the model seismic FEA results and model experiment data, we can find the Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth seismic FEA is reasonable, which is composed by earth element, contact element and reinforced material element.
At last, according to the comparison and analysis of the model FEA results, model experiment data and the {Specifications for Design of Highway Reinforced Earth Engineering} (JTJ015-91) that is put into practice at present, we suggest that the Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth Walls in this area, which earthquake intensity is greater than 7 degreefincluding 7 degree), must be analysed and designed with the earthquake fatalness, must be carried on with the checking computations of the reinforced material's intension and stabilization safety factor of the resistance against pull out.
The Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth seismic characteristic from the analyse of the FEA and the model experiment is a good base of deeply researching Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth walls under earthquake and is referable to the preparation for design specification of Geogrid Reinforced Earth walls subjected to seismic loadings.
然后，总结了塑料土工格栅加筋土静应力应变特性的一般理论，分析了塑料土工格栅筋材在挡墙中的拉应力分布和塑料土工格栅与土的界面特性以及筋土间摩擦应力的分布。根据设计的塑料土工格栅加筋土动力特性试验的模型，采用有限元时程分析方法分析了地震作用下模型加筋土的非线性动力行为特性。介绍了土工格栅加筋土动力特性试验研究所采取的试验方法和试验措施，汇总了全部试验成果并进行了整理。通过对比有限元计算结果和试验数据，分析得出塑料土工格栅筋材的最大动拉应力的分布与静拉应力的分布沿筋材的埋深大致相同，只是应力的值大小不同；地震作用下土筋间的动似摩擦系数是随地震加速度的增加而减小；模型沿墙高方向的加速度响应等。
接着，根据模型动力有限元时程分析结果和模型试验数据的比较分析，得出由土体单元、接触单元和筋材单元组合的塑料土工格栅加筋土非线性动力有限元分析模式的合理性。
最后，根据有限元计算结果和试验数据对比现行的《公路加筋土工程设计规范》(JTJ015-91)，建议地震烈度在7度以上(包括7度)的地区应对加筋土挡墙结构采取地震危险性分析设计，应对加筋土挡墙进行筋材抗震强度和筋材抗拔稳定安全系数的验算。
本文通过有限元方法和模型试验分析得出的土工格栅加筋土动力行为特性，为将来进一步研究塑料土工格栅加筋土挡墙的动力行为特性打下基础，并将对制定土工格栅加筋土挡墙结构设计规范地震荷载部分有一定的参考价值。
In this thesis, firstly, the application and development of Earth Reinforcement technique is introduced, and the design and the calculation method of Reinforced Earth are analysed. Recent developments on Reinforced Earth under seismic excitation in our country and on the world are presented. The necessity and feasibility of researching the characteristic of Polymer-Gecgrid Reinforced Earth under seismic excitation are proposed.
Secondly, the static stress and strain characteristic of Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth is summarized, the pulling stress distributing of the reinforced material in the earth walls, the interface characteristeric between the reinforced material and earth and the friction stress distributing between the reinforced material and earth are analysed. A small scale Geogrid Reinforced Earth experimental model is designed, and its nonlinear seismic behavior under seismic excitation is analysed by Seismic Finite Element Analysis Method. The experimental method and measure of seismic test research of Geogrid Reinforced Earth are introduced. All experimental investigation results are collected and summarized. Compared the results of FEA and the data of experiment, we can analyse that the distributing of the seismic stress of Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced material is similar to that of the static stress, but the stress values of them is different; the seismic similar friction coefficient between the earth and reinforced
material fall with the increasing of earthquake acceleration , model acceleration respond along the height of the model , etc.
Thirdly, according to the comparison and analysis of the model seismic FEA results and model experiment data, we can find the Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth seismic FEA is reasonable, which is composed by earth element, contact element and reinforced material element.
At last, according to the comparison and analysis of the model FEA results, model experiment data and the {Specifications for Design of Highway Reinforced Earth Engineering} (JTJ015-91) that is put into practice at present, we suggest that the Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth Walls in this area, which earthquake intensity is greater than 7 degreefincluding 7 degree), must be analysed and designed with the earthquake fatalness, must be carried on with the checking computations of the reinforced material's intension and stabilization safety factor of the resistance against pull out.
The Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth seismic characteristic from the analyse of the FEA and the model experiment is a good base of deeply researching Polymer-Geogrid Reinforced Earth walls under earthquake and is referable to the preparation for design specification of Geogrid Reinforced Earth walls subjected to seismic loadings.
引文
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[2] Zhong Chun Ouyang. 26m Height Reinforced Soil Quaywall Design and Full Scale Test. International Geotechnical Symposiumon Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement. FuKuoKa,Japan, 1988:599-644
[3] Mahmound,F.F. and Mashhour, M.M.. An. Elastoplastic Finite Element for the Analysis of Soil-Geotextiles Systems. Third International Conference on Geotextiles. Vienna, Austria, 1986
[4] Gregory N. Richardson and Kenneth L. Lee. Seismic Testing of Reinforced Earth Walls. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, GT1, Jan. 1977:1
[5] J.C. Chang. Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Earth Walls.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, GT7, July. 1977:711～724
[6] Gregory H. BoRon Seed, John Lysmer. Soil-Structure Interaction Analyses For Seismic Response. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, GT5, May. 1975:439
[7] Bourdeau,P.L., Han,M.E. and Holty, R.D..Soil-Fabric Interaction-A Analytical Model. Second International Conference on Geotextiles. Las,Vegas,U.S.A.,1982
[8] 赵川．塑料土工格栅加筋碎石土强度及其应力应变特性的试验研究：[硕士学位论文]．昆明：云南工业大学，1998
[9] 马存明．土工格栅加筋土筋材拔出特性的试验研究及其有限元分析：[硕士学位论文]．昆明：昆明理工大学，2001
[10] Juran, I.,Knochenmus, G.,Acar, YB., and Armen,A.. Pull-out Response of Geotextiles and Geogrid. Geosynthetics for Soil Improvement, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 18, New York,pp.(1998): 92-111
[11] 王钊．土工织物加筋土坡的分析和模型试验．见：第二届全国土工合成材料学术会议论文选集．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[12] 钱家欢，殷宗泽．土工原理与计算．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996
[13] 王正宏，包承纲，李广信．土工合成材料的加筋作用及其分析计算．地基处理，1992 Vol．3(1)：1-10
[14] 孙钧，迟景魁，曹正康等．新型土工材料与工程整治．北京：中国建筑工业出版，1998
[15] 王俊林．土工织物加筋土三轴试验研究．见：首届全国岩土力学与工程青年工作者学术讨论会论文集．杭州：1992
[16] 时钟伦．土建工程中的新型材料：土工网格．见：第四届全国加筋土工程学术研讨会论文集．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[17] 张耀魁．土工格栅在加筋陡边坡路堤方面的应用．见：第二届全国土工合成材料学术会议论文选集．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[18] 刘祖德，陆士强，王钊．土工织物加筋陡坡的极限平衡设计．见：．第二届全国土工合成材料学术会议论文选集．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
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[20] 马时冬，王吉力．加筋砂的三轴试验和小型载荷试验．．地基处理，1992 Vol．3(2)：17-24
[21] 李咸亨，陈舜田．柔性加劲材拉出行为之完全非线性有限元分析．岩土工程学报，1996 Vol．18(6)：10-17
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