稠油污水回用于热采锅炉技术研究

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英文题名：Research on Re-using of Heavy Oil Sewage in Thermal Steam Generators 作者：张殿华 论文级别：硕士 学科专业名称：石油与天然气工程 学位年度：2003 导师：黄文辉 学科代码：082002 学位授予单位：中国地质大学（北京） 论文提交日期：2002-04-10

摘要

辽河油田原油产量为1400万吨／年，目前稠油污水水量为84100m~3／d，占整个辽河油田污水总量的56.6％左右。因此这些数量巨大的稠油污水的合理处置是摆在油公司面前的一个非常严峻的经济和技术难题，已直接影响和制约了油田的可持续发展。
     辽河油田在稠油污水回用于热采锅炉和达标外排等方面作了大量的研究工作和现场应用，部分污水处理装置已投入运行，但由于稠油污水水质水量变化大、油水密度差小、乳化严重等难点，再加上处理工艺流程不合理、缺乏高效的净水药剂等，因此稠油污水处理在回用方面还没有取得实质性的进展。而且从设备的技术经济指标和实际运行情况来看，污水处理装置还存在着流程过长、效率较低、自动化程度不高、运行费用偏高等一系列问题，因此开展稠油污水处理工艺技术的研究对油田的可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。
     国内外关于稠油污水回用于热采锅炉的研究已有二三十年的历史。这期间报道了大量的研究成果，仅各种各样的处理工艺就提出了不下几十种。国内外关于稠油污水达标外排的研究比较少，可供借鉴的经验不多，国内目前还没有一个成功的实例。
     本研究从我国国情出发，把开发简捷、高效、实用的稠油污水处理新工艺作为主要研究目的，通过实验室研究、现场小试(处理规模1m~3／h)和现场中试(处理规模10m~3／h)对稠油污水的处理进行系统、全面的分析和研究，为稠油污水处理后的进热采锅炉以设计经济合理的工艺流程，并确定工程设计参数。通过该项目的研究，基本上可解决稠油污水的出路问题，形成完备的稠油污水深度处理工艺技术，实现稠油污水的回用。以下几方面的基本思路作为研究工作的指导思想。
     (1) 广泛借鉴国内外稠油污水处理现有的研究成果和经验，并在此基础上努力发展新的思路，针对稠油污水水质复杂、变化较大的特性，探讨开发高效的净水药剂研究具有简捷、高效、耐冲击特点的新工艺；
     (2) 努力从系统的、全面的角度考察和解决稠油污水处理工艺存在的各种矛盾关系，避免新工艺可能带来的负效应；
     (3) 在分析稠油污水处理工艺中各种矛盾关系时，把除油部分、除悬浮物部分、除硬度部分、除二氧化硅部分有机的结合起来，借助各自的优势解决相应的具体问题。
     (4) 以实际污水作为研究对象，在可能的条件下尽可能增加重复性实验。
     围绕本课题研究的目的和基本思路确定研究的主要内容如下：
     1．高效净水药剂的研究与应用。进一步完善高效净水药剂的配方，提高处理效果；借助斜板隔油池和溶气气浮设备，与高效净水药剂结合使用。
     2．稠油污水处理现场小试，采用斜板隔油和气浮进行处理，含油和悬浮物可达到用热采锅炉进水指标。处理量10m~3／d
     3．稠油污水除油系统中试，用斜板隔油和气浮进行处理，含油和悬浮物可达到用热采锅炉进水指标。处理量240m~3／d
     4．稠油污水进热采锅炉中试。采用双滤料过滤器和强弱酸钠离子交换器。硬度、二氧化硅满足进热采锅炉。
The crude oil production of Liaohe Oilfield is 14 million t/y and the rate of heavy oil sewage at present is up to 84100m3/d, making up 56.6% of the total sewage amount of Liaohe Oilfiled. Therefore, how to handle the huge amount of heavy oil sewage reasonably is a great challenge to Liaohe Sub-company economically and technically, which has affected and restricted the continual development of oilfield directly.
    Liaohe Oilfield has conducted a great deal of research and field application in standard discharging and re-using of heavy oil sewage in thermal steam generators, thus some sewage treatment facilities have been put into operation. Nevertheless, the quality and quantity of heavy oil sewage vary greatly, the densities of oil and sewage are quite close, emulsion is serious, plus irrational treating process and lack of efficient chemicals, substantial progress has not achieved in re-using heavy oil sewage. Furthermore, problems still exist in the aspects of technical-economical index and practical operations of sewage treatment equipments, such as prolonged process, low efficiency, low degree of automation and high operating expenses. Therefore it is of great significance for the continual development of Liaohe Oilfield to improve the technology of heavy oil sewage treatment.
    It has twenty or thirty years history to re-inject the heavy oil sewage into the thermal steam-generating generator at home and abroad, and a lot of research achievements have been reported in the literature with scores of processing methods presented. But there are scare research papers about how to treat heavy oil sewage to reach the discharge standard. So there is little experience for reference.
    The purpose of the research is to develop an easy, effective and practical heavy oil sewage processing method, considering the China's situation. The systematic research and analysis has been done by laboratory research, field pilot test (processing capacity of 1 m3), and field test (processing capacity of 10 m3), and a reasonable operating
    
    
    process for the sewage injecting the generator has been established and the project design parameters have been determined. Through the research, the problem of the heavy oil sewage treatment can be solved to realize the re-use the heavy oil sewage. The following are the basic guide lines to do the research.
    a. By widely referring the heavy oil sewage treatment experiences home and abroad, ,new ideas are developed. At the same, in view of the complication and great variation of heavy oil sewage quality, a new and high effective treatment process is developed.
    b. Al kind of contradictions in treating the heavy oil sewage are tried to consider systematically and perspectively, and try to avoid the negative effect brought about by the new process.
    c. When we analyze the contradictions in treating the heavy oil sewage, we combine the oil removal part, suspending material removal part and SlOa removal part to solve the specific problems by taking one another's advantages and try to do the test repeatedly under the possible conditions.
    The study mainly covers the following aspects based upon the target and basic idea of the study:
    1. The study and application of high efficiency sewage purifying chemicals. Further improve the formulation of high efficiency sewage purifying chemicals in order to improve the disposal result. Incorporate oil interceptor and solution gas float devices with the sewage purifying chemicals.
    2. In the pilot test of sewage water disposal, slant oil interceptor and gas float are conducted. Oil bearing content and suspension can reach the incoming water index of the steam generator, with the disposal of 10m3/d.
    3. In the mid-test of oil removal in the sewage, slant oil interceptor and gas float disposal are used. Oil bearing content and suspension can meet the requirement for steam generator water incoming index with the disposal of 240 m3/d.
    4. In the mid-test of sewage going to the steam generator, dual filter and ion exc

引文

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