动能侵彻弹侵彻混凝土技术研究
摘要
本文针对混凝土所构建的坚固目标，采用理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法，对动能侵彻弹侵彻混凝土的侵彻技术进行了的研究。
综合分析了混凝土的材质特性，通过对5种标号的混凝土试件进行准静态试验和不同初速度冲击试验，对混凝土材料在不同速率、不同载荷的冲击条件下动态特性进行了探讨。从试验的结果来看，我们发现混凝土材料的动态破坏强度比静态破坏强度要高，但同种标号的混凝土试件的强度增长并不是以某种线性规律呈现；同种标号的混凝土材料，但冲击速度增加时，破坏强度普遍增加，破坏应变也相应提高，但也并不是以某种线性规律呈现。
简要分析了弹丸对半无限混凝土介质的撞击过程，整个过程可以分为两个阶段：初始的成坑阶段和随后的侵彻阶段。
应用球形空腔膨胀理论对弹丸侵彻混凝土介质的过程进行了分析，在分析模型中，引入了Mohr-Coulomb准则来描述介质的屈服过程，得到了弹丸在侵彻阶段所受到的轴向阻力和各运动学量的计算公式。
对弹丸在成坑阶段中所受到的轴向阻力和各位运动学量进行了近似的计算。
为了探索动能侵彻弹弹丸对混凝土靶的侵彻规律和现象，研究特定弹丸对特定混凝土靶的极限穿透能力和靶板破坏情况，依据38Z火炮的技术指标以及其垂直向下发射时地坑尺寸大小的限制，分别设计了以27.5kg动能侵彻弹为原型的两种不同长径比的钻地弹缩比试验件和相应的混凝土靶板。利用设计的试验件和靶板进行了两种不同长径比的试验件侵彻混凝土靶的探索试验，通过试验获得了设计的缩比试验件对靶板的极限穿透能力以及侵彻后弹靶破坏规律情况的认识，完成了动能侵彻弹缩比试验件穿混凝土靶的探索试验研究，为真实动能侵彻弹的设计提供了试验依据
Aimed to rigid target made of concrete,the techniques of the kinetic energy projectile penetration into the target are studied by virtue of theorifical analysis and experimental research in this paper.
The mechanical properties of the concrete were synthetically analyzed respectively.The tests of quasi-statics and dynamics of different initial impacting velocities and lood on five sorts of concrete materials were conducted.The experimental results showed that destructive strength of concrete materials in dynamics were higher than in statics,and that the destructive strength and strain of the same sort of concrete increased with the impacting velocities increasing, but they did not show linearly.
The process of projectile impacting half-indefinite concrete medium was singly analyzed. The analysis showed that the whole process consisted of two phrases,i.e,initial crater-forming phrase and penetration phrase following.
Applying the spherical cavity-expansion to the process of proctil penetration into the concrete medium, a model was established. In this model,the yield process of the medium was described by introduction of Mohr-Coulomb rule and the axial resistance on projectile during penetration phrase and calculation formula of every kinetic parameter were obtained.
The axial resistance on projectile during crater-forming and each kinetic parameter were caculated approximately.
To explore the penetrating generality and the phenomena while projectile penetrating concrete target, and explore limitary penetrating capability and the target destroyed situation while special projectile penetrating special concrete target, we designed two different length-diameter ratio reduced test-pieces of Earth Peneteating
Warhead based on 27.5kg Kinetic Energy Warhead and correspond concrete targets according to the technique indes of 38Z artillery and the restricts of the cellar size when the artillery perpendicularly launched down. The test-pieces and targets have been used to do the exploring experimentations which two different length-diameter ratio test-pieces penetrated concrete targets. By experimention, we obtained the limitary penetrating capability which designed reduced test-pieces penetrating the target, and obtained the projectile and the target destroyed situation after the test-pieces penetrated the target. We completed the experimental research which the test-pieces of Earth Penetrating Warhead penetrating concrete targets, and provided experimental reference for designing Earth Penetrating Warhead.
综合分析了混凝土的材质特性，通过对5种标号的混凝土试件进行准静态试验和不同初速度冲击试验，对混凝土材料在不同速率、不同载荷的冲击条件下动态特性进行了探讨。从试验的结果来看，我们发现混凝土材料的动态破坏强度比静态破坏强度要高，但同种标号的混凝土试件的强度增长并不是以某种线性规律呈现；同种标号的混凝土材料，但冲击速度增加时，破坏强度普遍增加，破坏应变也相应提高，但也并不是以某种线性规律呈现。
简要分析了弹丸对半无限混凝土介质的撞击过程，整个过程可以分为两个阶段：初始的成坑阶段和随后的侵彻阶段。
应用球形空腔膨胀理论对弹丸侵彻混凝土介质的过程进行了分析，在分析模型中，引入了Mohr-Coulomb准则来描述介质的屈服过程，得到了弹丸在侵彻阶段所受到的轴向阻力和各运动学量的计算公式。
对弹丸在成坑阶段中所受到的轴向阻力和各位运动学量进行了近似的计算。
为了探索动能侵彻弹弹丸对混凝土靶的侵彻规律和现象，研究特定弹丸对特定混凝土靶的极限穿透能力和靶板破坏情况，依据38Z火炮的技术指标以及其垂直向下发射时地坑尺寸大小的限制，分别设计了以27.5kg动能侵彻弹为原型的两种不同长径比的钻地弹缩比试验件和相应的混凝土靶板。利用设计的试验件和靶板进行了两种不同长径比的试验件侵彻混凝土靶的探索试验，通过试验获得了设计的缩比试验件对靶板的极限穿透能力以及侵彻后弹靶破坏规律情况的认识，完成了动能侵彻弹缩比试验件穿混凝土靶的探索试验研究，为真实动能侵彻弹的设计提供了试验依据
Aimed to rigid target made of concrete,the techniques of the kinetic energy projectile penetration into the target are studied by virtue of theorifical analysis and experimental research in this paper.
The mechanical properties of the concrete were synthetically analyzed respectively.The tests of quasi-statics and dynamics of different initial impacting velocities and lood on five sorts of concrete materials were conducted.The experimental results showed that destructive strength of concrete materials in dynamics were higher than in statics,and that the destructive strength and strain of the same sort of concrete increased with the impacting velocities increasing, but they did not show linearly.
The process of projectile impacting half-indefinite concrete medium was singly analyzed. The analysis showed that the whole process consisted of two phrases,i.e,initial crater-forming phrase and penetration phrase following.
Applying the spherical cavity-expansion to the process of proctil penetration into the concrete medium, a model was established. In this model,the yield process of the medium was described by introduction of Mohr-Coulomb rule and the axial resistance on projectile during penetration phrase and calculation formula of every kinetic parameter were obtained.
The axial resistance on projectile during crater-forming and each kinetic parameter were caculated approximately.
To explore the penetrating generality and the phenomena while projectile penetrating concrete target, and explore limitary penetrating capability and the target destroyed situation while special projectile penetrating special concrete target, we designed two different length-diameter ratio reduced test-pieces of Earth Peneteating
Warhead based on 27.5kg Kinetic Energy Warhead and correspond concrete targets according to the technique indes of 38Z artillery and the restricts of the cellar size when the artillery perpendicularly launched down. The test-pieces and targets have been used to do the exploring experimentations which two different length-diameter ratio test-pieces penetrated concrete targets. By experimention, we obtained the limitary penetrating capability which designed reduced test-pieces penetrating the target, and obtained the projectile and the target destroyed situation after the test-pieces penetrated the target. We completed the experimental research which the test-pieces of Earth Penetrating Warhead penetrating concrete targets, and provided experimental reference for designing Earth Penetrating Warhead.
引文
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[2] Zukas J.R., 《High Velocity Impact Dynamics》, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1990
[3] Backman E. M. and Goldsmith W., "The mechanics of penetration of projectiles into targets", Int.J.Engng.Sci., Vol.16, No.1, 1978
[4] Jonas G.H.and Zukas J.R., "Mechanics of penetration: analysis and experiment", Int.J.Engng., Vol.16, No.1, 1978
[5] Brown S.J., "Energy Release protection for Pressurized System Part Ⅱ.Review of Studies into Impact/Terminal Ballistics", Appl. Mech. Rev., Vol.39, 1986
[6]“反跑道反硬目标武器装备技术与发展”，兵器工业情报研究所，1996
[7] Mark Hewish, "Adding new punch to cruise missiles", Janes Internation Defense Review1, 1998
[8] 王树魁，“从空中攻击硬目标”，弹药信息，No．16，1994
[9] 王树魁，“西方钻地炸弹的发展”，弹药信息，No．14，1994
[10] 王树魁，“美国发展2143kg级激光制导炸弹”，兵器快报，弹药类，No．7，1991
[11] 王树魁，“美国寻求掩体破坏弹”，兵器快报，No．8，1993
[12] 王树魁，“美国空军扩大硬目标侵彻项目”，兵器快报，弹药类，No．4，1995
[13] 郭美芳，“美国空军力图提高航弹的硬目标侵彻能力”，兵器快报，弹药类，No．8，1994
[14] 郭美芳，“美国关注侵彻地下战略设施的能力”，兵器快报，弹药和引信类，No．8，1994
[15] “美国的硬目标引信试验成功”，兵器快报，火箭导弹类，No．3，1997
[16] 贾浩等，“美国钻地武器的研究与发展”，国外科技资料，1993年第1期
[17] Jiang Jianwei et.al., "The Application of SPH Techniques in AUTODYN-2D to Kinetic Energy Penetrator Impact on Concrete Targets", Autodyn Users Symposium19-20 April 1997, San Froncisco, USA
[18] Bishop R.F.et al., "The Theory of Indentation and Hardness Test", Proceding of Physical Society, Vol.57, Part3, 1945
[19] Hopkins H.G.," Dynamics Expansion of Spherical Cavities in Metals ", Progression in Solid Mechanics,Vol. 1,1960
[20] Goodier J.N., "On the mechanics of indentation and cratering in solid targets of strain-hardening metal by impact of hard and soft spheres" ,Pro.7th Symp.on Hypervelocity Impaet,Vol.3,AIAA,a965
[21] Hanagud S.et al., "Large deformation,deep penetration theory for a compressible strain-hardening target materials" ,AIAA Journal Vol.9,No.5,1971
[22] Norwood ER., "Cylindrical Cavity Expansion in a Locking Soil", SLA-74-0201,1974
[23] Langcope D.B. etal., "Initial Response of a Rock Penetrator", Journal Applied Mechanics, Vol.45,1978
[24] Forrestal M.J.et al., "A Model to Estimate Force on Conical Penetration into Dry Porous Rock ",ASME,Journal of Applied Mechanics Vol.48,1981
[25] Langcope D.B.et al., "Penetration of Target Described by Mhor-Coulomb Failure Ctiterion with a Tension Cutoff", ASME,Journal Applied Mechanics Vol.50,1983
[26] Forrestal M.J.et al., "Penetrators into Dry Porous Rock",International Journal Solid Structures Vol.22,No. 12,1986
[27] 沈河涛，“弹丸侵彻混凝土介质效应的研究”，北京理工大学博士学位论文，1996
[28] Robins,B. "New Principles of Gunnery", 1742
[29] Poncelet J.V., 《Cours de Mecanique Industrielle》,1829
[30] 王儒策等主编，《弹丸终点效应》，北京理工大学出版社，1993
[31] Young C.W.,"Emprical Equation for Predicting Penetration Performatnce in Layered Earth Materials for Complex Penetrator Configurations",Sandia Lab.,Rreport SC-DR-72-0523,1972
[32] NDRC, 《Effects of Impact and Expansion》,Vol.1,National Defense Reserch Committee, 1946
[33] Berard R.S., "Empirical Analysis of Projectile Penetration in Rock",AD-A047989,1977
[34] Hughes G., "Hard missile Impact on Reinforced Concrete",Nnclear Engineering and Design,Vol.77,1984
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