论WTO的《政府采购协定》
|
摘要
《政府采购协定》(Government procurement Agreement，简称GPA)是《建立世界贸易组织协定》的附件之一和世界贸易组织复边贸易协定之一，它是关于GPA成员对外开放政府采购市场，实现政府采购国际化和自由化的法律文件。我国虽然目前还没有签署该协定，但签署该协定只是一个时间问题。为了加快我国加入《政府采购协定》的步伐，对《政府采购协定》的研究成为了我们目前的主要任务之一，本文拟从以下几个方面对《政府采购协定》进行初步探讨和研究：其一，有关政府采购的几个基本问题；其二，WTO关于政府采购的规制；其三，WTO《政府采购协定》适用上的困境；其四，WTO《政府采购协定》的完善。
第一部分阐述了政府采购的定义、性质、目标、原则及其产生、发展。
第二部分阐述了协定关于政府采购的界定以及协定对于政府采购确定的基本目标、基本原则，论证、分析了WTO对于政府采购的规制。
第三部分从“GPA的复边性”、“GPA的目标与国家主权的冲突”、“GPA的原则与政府采购国内公共政策之冲突”以及“GPA采购主体界定的模糊性”四个方面对《政府采购协定》适用上所面临的困境进行了较为深刻的分析。面对《政府采购协定》适用上的困境。
第四部分从“增加发展中国家参加政府采购贸易自由化的竞争力”、“限制发达国家执行公共政策的政府采购”以及“确定GPA采购主体的界定标准”三个方面为《政府采购协定》的完善提出了一些建议性的设想。
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) is one of the appendix agreements of The Agreement to the Foundation of WTO and one of WTO plurilateral trade agreements. It is a legal document involves GPA members' opening their government procurement market, realizing of government procurement internationalization and liberalization. It's just an issue of timetable to sign this agreement even though China has not done so yet. In order to speed up China's entry into the agreement, it becomes a major task to make a research work upon it. This thesis develops an initial study of from following aspects: 1. A few basic issuses of government procurement; 2. WTO regulations to government; 3. Dilemmas in the application of GPA; 4. Perfection of GPA.
Part one includes four sections as follows: identification of government procurement, nature of government procurement contracts, origine and development of government procurement, models and means of government procurement and objects of government procurement. It mainly studys the origin, development and the basic content of government procurement.
Part two probes into such issues as origin and development of GPA, definition of government procurement in GPA, basic aim choice of GPA and fundamental principles of GPA.
Part three deeply analyses the plurilateral of GPA, conflicts between the goals of GPA and state sovereignty, conflicts between the principles of GPA and internal public policies of a nation, the non-identity of the definition of the subject of procurement in GPA and the dilemmas GPA faces in its application.
Part four produces some ideas concerning how to get a perfection of GPA such as strengthening competition ability of the developing countries of entry into GPA, restricting developed country's government procurement under public policies and establishing a yardsticks to identify the subject of government procurement in GPA.
第一部分阐述了政府采购的定义、性质、目标、原则及其产生、发展。
第二部分阐述了协定关于政府采购的界定以及协定对于政府采购确定的基本目标、基本原则，论证、分析了WTO对于政府采购的规制。
第三部分从“GPA的复边性”、“GPA的目标与国家主权的冲突”、“GPA的原则与政府采购国内公共政策之冲突”以及“GPA采购主体界定的模糊性”四个方面对《政府采购协定》适用上所面临的困境进行了较为深刻的分析。面对《政府采购协定》适用上的困境。
第四部分从“增加发展中国家参加政府采购贸易自由化的竞争力”、“限制发达国家执行公共政策的政府采购”以及“确定GPA采购主体的界定标准”三个方面为《政府采购协定》的完善提出了一些建议性的设想。
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) is one of the appendix agreements of The Agreement to the Foundation of WTO and one of WTO plurilateral trade agreements. It is a legal document involves GPA members' opening their government procurement market, realizing of government procurement internationalization and liberalization. It's just an issue of timetable to sign this agreement even though China has not done so yet. In order to speed up China's entry into the agreement, it becomes a major task to make a research work upon it. This thesis develops an initial study of from following aspects: 1. A few basic issuses of government procurement; 2. WTO regulations to government; 3. Dilemmas in the application of GPA; 4. Perfection of GPA.
Part one includes four sections as follows: identification of government procurement, nature of government procurement contracts, origine and development of government procurement, models and means of government procurement and objects of government procurement. It mainly studys the origin, development and the basic content of government procurement.
Part two probes into such issues as origin and development of GPA, definition of government procurement in GPA, basic aim choice of GPA and fundamental principles of GPA.
Part three deeply analyses the plurilateral of GPA, conflicts between the goals of GPA and state sovereignty, conflicts between the principles of GPA and internal public policies of a nation, the non-identity of the definition of the subject of procurement in GPA and the dilemmas GPA faces in its application.
Part four produces some ideas concerning how to get a perfection of GPA such as strengthening competition ability of the developing countries of entry into GPA, restricting developed country's government procurement under public policies and establishing a yardsticks to identify the subject of government procurement in GPA.
引文
[1]肖渭明．世界贸易组织《政府采购协议》与我国公共采购市场的逐步开放．经济研究参考，1998，(18)：21～24
[2]Harry Robert Page.Purchasing and material management.New York:Mass D.C Heath & Company,1998
[3]Herold E Feamn,Donald W Donbler,Kenneth H killen.The Purchasing Handbook.New York:Mc Graw-Hill Inc.,1993
[4]王小能．政府采购法律制度初探．法学研究，2000，(1)：80～94
[5]王泽红．政府采购法详解．北京：知识产权出版社，2002
[6]Colin Turpin Governmnet Contract.London:Penguin Books,1972
[7]L.Neville Brown.French Administrative Law.Oxford:Claredon Press,1998
[8]王名扬．法国行政法．北京：中国政法大学出版社，1989
[9]于安．我国政府采购法的合同问题．法学，2002，(3)：10～15
[10]何怀宏．契约伦理与社会正义。北京：中国人民大学出版社，1993
[11]John W Whelan.Federal Government Contracts:Cases and Materials.New York:The Foundation press,1975
[12]王利明，崔建远．合同法新论．北京：中国政法大学出版社，1997
[13]和田英夫．现代行政法．倪建民等译．北京：中国广播电视出版社，1993
[14]邓成明．行政法与行政诉讼法教程．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1999
[15]Doanld D B,Howand K W.The legal foundations of public administration.ST Panl:West Publishing,1997
[16]赵维国．世界组织(WTO)的法律制度．长春：吉林人民出版社，2000
[17]刘小川，王庆华．经济全球化的政府采购．北京：经济管理出版社，2001
[18]孟春．政府采购理论与实践．北京：经济科学出版社，2001
[19]国家发展计划委员会《中华人民共和国招标投标》起草小组．招标投标法操作实务．北京：法律出版社，2001
[20]孙静．欧盟公共采购法主体研究．见：中德商法研究论文集．北京：企业管理出版社，1998
[21]曹富国，何景成．政府采购管理——国际规范与实务．北京：企业管理出版社，1998
[22] Steren Kelman.Procurement and public management.London:The AEI Press,1990
[23] J H Jackson.World trade and the law of GATT.Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1969
[24] 姜长斌．全球化下的不同主权观．世界经济与政治，2002，(3)：8～12
[25] Paul J Garrier.Sovereignty under the agreement on government procurement.Minn J.Global Trade,1997,(6):67～71
[26] Steven P Groley,John H Jackson.WTO Dispute Procedure,Standard of Review,and Deference to National Governments.The American Journal of International Law,1996,(8):193～213
[27] Nicholson W.Microeconomic Theory.New York:Dryden Press,1992
[28] Sue Arrowsmith.National and International Perspectives on the Regulation of public Procurement.Global Revolution,1998,(5):219～239
[29] John H Jackson.The Trading System-Law and Policy of International Economic Relation.California:Wadsmorth Publishing Co.,1997
[30] Annet Blank,Gabrielle Marceau.History of the government procurement negonations.Public Procurement Law Review,1945,(5):232～240
[31] 曹富国．政府采购法主体之比较研究．法学，2000，(7)：43～51
[32] 楼继伟．政府采购．北京：经济科学出版社，1998
[33] 于安．政府采购制度的发展与立法．北京：中国法制出版社，2001
[34] Bernard M Hockman,Michel M Korteck.The political economy of the world trade system from GATT to WTO.London:Oxford UniVersity Press,1995
[35] David Heald.Public expenditure.Washington:Martin Robertson & Company Ltd.,1983
[36] J H Baily.Purchasing and supply management.New York:Chapman and Hall,1978
[37] 何振一，关于中国政府采购范围界定之问题．见：政府采购立法国际研讨会论文集．天津，1999
[38] 曹富国．论政府采购及公共管理特征．中国行政管理，1998，(5)：22-25
[39] 刘俊海．关于政府采购主法的若干思考．见：政府采购立法国际研讨会论文集．天津，1999
[40] 郑新立．中华人民共和国招标投标法全书．北京：中国检察出版社，1999
[41] 姚艳霞．世贸组织《政府采购协议》的完善及其对我国政府采购制度的影响．国际贸易问题，2002，(2)：12～17
[2]Harry Robert Page.Purchasing and material management.New York:Mass D.C Heath & Company,1998
[3]Herold E Feamn,Donald W Donbler,Kenneth H killen.The Purchasing Handbook.New York:Mc Graw-Hill Inc.,1993
[4]王小能．政府采购法律制度初探．法学研究，2000，(1)：80～94
[5]王泽红．政府采购法详解．北京：知识产权出版社，2002
[6]Colin Turpin Governmnet Contract.London:Penguin Books,1972
[7]L.Neville Brown.French Administrative Law.Oxford:Claredon Press,1998
[8]王名扬．法国行政法．北京：中国政法大学出版社，1989
[9]于安．我国政府采购法的合同问题．法学，2002，(3)：10～15
[10]何怀宏．契约伦理与社会正义。北京：中国人民大学出版社，1993
[11]John W Whelan.Federal Government Contracts:Cases and Materials.New York:The Foundation press,1975
[12]王利明，崔建远．合同法新论．北京：中国政法大学出版社，1997
[13]和田英夫．现代行政法．倪建民等译．北京：中国广播电视出版社，1993
[14]邓成明．行政法与行政诉讼法教程．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1999
[15]Doanld D B,Howand K W.The legal foundations of public administration.ST Panl:West Publishing,1997
[16]赵维国．世界组织(WTO)的法律制度．长春：吉林人民出版社，2000
[17]刘小川，王庆华．经济全球化的政府采购．北京：经济管理出版社，2001
[18]孟春．政府采购理论与实践．北京：经济科学出版社，2001
[19]国家发展计划委员会《中华人民共和国招标投标》起草小组．招标投标法操作实务．北京：法律出版社，2001
[20]孙静．欧盟公共采购法主体研究．见：中德商法研究论文集．北京：企业管理出版社，1998
[21]曹富国，何景成．政府采购管理——国际规范与实务．北京：企业管理出版社，1998
[22] Steren Kelman.Procurement and public management.London:The AEI Press,1990
[23] J H Jackson.World trade and the law of GATT.Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1969
[24] 姜长斌．全球化下的不同主权观．世界经济与政治，2002，(3)：8～12
[25] Paul J Garrier.Sovereignty under the agreement on government procurement.Minn J.Global Trade,1997,(6):67～71
[26] Steven P Groley,John H Jackson.WTO Dispute Procedure,Standard of Review,and Deference to National Governments.The American Journal of International Law,1996,(8):193～213
[27] Nicholson W.Microeconomic Theory.New York:Dryden Press,1992
[28] Sue Arrowsmith.National and International Perspectives on the Regulation of public Procurement.Global Revolution,1998,(5):219～239
[29] John H Jackson.The Trading System-Law and Policy of International Economic Relation.California:Wadsmorth Publishing Co.,1997
[30] Annet Blank,Gabrielle Marceau.History of the government procurement negonations.Public Procurement Law Review,1945,(5):232～240
[31] 曹富国．政府采购法主体之比较研究．法学，2000，(7)：43～51
[32] 楼继伟．政府采购．北京：经济科学出版社，1998
[33] 于安．政府采购制度的发展与立法．北京：中国法制出版社，2001
[34] Bernard M Hockman,Michel M Korteck.The political economy of the world trade system from GATT to WTO.London:Oxford UniVersity Press,1995
[35] David Heald.Public expenditure.Washington:Martin Robertson & Company Ltd.,1983
[36] J H Baily.Purchasing and supply management.New York:Chapman and Hall,1978
[37] 何振一，关于中国政府采购范围界定之问题．见：政府采购立法国际研讨会论文集．天津，1999
[38] 曹富国．论政府采购及公共管理特征．中国行政管理，1998，(5)：22-25
[39] 刘俊海．关于政府采购主法的若干思考．见：政府采购立法国际研讨会论文集．天津，1999
[40] 郑新立．中华人民共和国招标投标法全书．北京：中国检察出版社，1999
[41] 姚艳霞．世贸组织《政府采购协议》的完善及其对我国政府采购制度的影响．国际贸易问题，2002，(2)：12～17
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |