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河北平原冬小麦水肥生产函数的研究
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摘要
随着人类的进步和世界经济的飞速发展,对水的需求量日益增加,使得水资源短缺成为当今世界普遍存在的问题之一。而仅农业灌溉用水一项就占到水资源利用量的70%左右。为此,合理利用水资源,提高水分的利用效率,发展节水灌溉,对于实现我国农业以及社会经济的可持续发展将具有重要的意义。
     河北省地处华北平原中部,是中国水资源最贫乏的省份之一。在河北平原这样一个严重缺水并且盲目过量施肥的地区,提高灌溉水和肥料的利用效率,发展节水灌溉,制定作物科学的灌溉制度和合理的施肥制度,在非充分灌溉条件下合理使用肥料,对于农业生产将有着重要的意义。
     本文应用望都实验站连续两年冬小麦的不同灌水处理下对应的产量的试验资料,对河北平原的水分生产函数进行了拟合。在本次水分试验中,对叶面积指数、穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重以及最终产量作了详细的测定,并把不同的灌水处理进行对比;同时对影响作物需水量的的诸多因素,尤其是作物因素做了较为全面的讨论与分析。为了拟合河北平原的水分生产函数,本文将现有的水分生产函数进行了对比,认为Jensen模型更适合用于河北平原。因此,最终采用了Jensen模型来拟合河北平原冬小麦的水分生产函数。并在Jensen模型基础上,采用二维动态规划原理,制定出冬小麦优化灌溉制度,在作物水分亏缺最敏感的时期进行限水灌溉,提高水分利用效率。
     研究发现:水分、肥料对冬小麦产量在一定范围内具有一定的正效应。在本次水肥试验中,应用望都试验站的不同水平的水肥耦合处理的资料,利用美国田纳西州建立的水肥双因素生产函数模型,拟合出河北平原的水肥生产函数模型,为科学的灌水施肥方案提供了依据。
     最后,本文还对河北省节水技术与管理模式进行了讨论。
With the progress of mankind and the world economic development, the demand of water are getting more and more, water deficiency has become a popular problem in the modern world. Only the agriculture irrigation accounts for about 70 percent of the general water resources. So, some measures, such as developing the saving water irrigation, and exploiting the water resources in rational way, have been taken to keep the sustainable development of agriculture, industry.and environment.
    Located in the middle part of Huabei Plain, Hebei Province is one of the most deficiency of water provinces in the whole country, besides short of water, fertilization was random there. So, those will have important significance in saving water irrigation, including improving the use efficiency of water & fertilizer, making a rational irrigation schedule and a reasonable fertilizing schedule, and applying fertilizer rationally with inadequate water supply, and so on.
    In this paper, based on the successive two years data in Wangdu Irrigation Experimental Station, crop-water production function in Hebei Plain were simulated. In the irrigation experiment, Leaf Area Index (LAI), the number of grain per ear, the number of ears, the weight of kilo-grain, and the yield were measured detailedly and compared in the different treatments. In the same time, many factors affecting the evapotranspiration especially the crop factors were analyzed. To simulate the crop-water production function in Hebei Plain, the present function models were compared. In this paper, Blank model was considered to be applied in semi-drought. So, Jensen model was built finally. Based on Jensen model, two-dimension dynamic programming was taken to make an optimum irrigation schedule of winter wheat. Water was irrigated in the most sensitive phase of crop to water, and the water use efficiency was improved.
    By experiment, the coordinative effect of water and fertilizer upon winter wheat yields had been bulided. In this water-fertilizer experiment, based on the data of
    
    
    
    different fertilizer treatment in Wangdu Irrigation Experimental Station, the production function of water-fertilizer in Tennessee was applied to simulate the function of water-fertilizer with yield in Hebei Plain. It provides basis for the scientific schedule of irrigation and fertilizing.
    Besides above, this paper introduced some saving water irrigation measures in Hebei province.
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