基于XML的B/S结构企业应用平台初探
摘要
近年来，B／S结构以零客户端、易维护性、分布性等优点成为企业应用系统的主流结构之一。相应的开发标准(如J2EE等)、开发工具(如Delphi等)也层出不穷。但是这些工具与标准一般都是侧重于服务器应用程序，对客户端的一些功能支持较少，以致于客户端的开发工作相当繁重。并且对于服务器端的企业逻辑描述支持较少，这使得服务器端的企业逻辑一般都存在于代码之中，以至于维护性较差。
为了解决传统B／S结构企业应用系统开发的上述二个问题，建立B/S结构的企业应用平台，便于二次开发企业应用系统。本文首先分析了传统B／S结构(没有使用XML)应用系统的一些不足，然后结合XML提出了相应的解决方案，并通过B／S结构企业应用系统功能、数据、及流程的分析得出了B／S结构应用中功能、数据及过程需求，最后在详细设计中利用XML的优点及分层设计的思想，初步解决了问题。
为了使平台具有更好的维护及扩展性能，本平台借签了MVC(Model／View／Control)模式思想对服务器端与客户端进行了分层，客户端分为表现层、控制层、数据层及BTS交互层，服务器端为分BTS交互层、协调层、逻辑层及数据层。这些层次各有所职。客户端：表现层负责显示，它是用户与系统交互的主要接口，也是系统的外观；数据层是其它各层交互的纽带，数据层中的主要数据集对象与表现层中的控件进行数据绑定；其它各层通过对数据层中的数据操作从而完成客户端一些基本功能。服务器端：BTS交互层负责服务器与客户端之间的数据交互；协调层负责将BTS数据包解开更新到服务器端的数据层，并调用逻辑层中的模块；逻辑层负责解释执行企业逻辑的描述；同样数据层也是服务器端其它各层交互的纽带。
在平台中，充分的使用了XML的自描述性及扩展性的优点，对平台进行了合理的分层，并在相应的层中预留了数据接口，以适应二次开发的特殊要求，这增强了平台的通用性，并且无论是客户端的微观逻辑，还是服务器端的宏观业务逻辑都使用XML进行描述，使得处理逻辑与程序代码分离，增加了代码的通用性及整个系统的可维护性。
In recent years, The structure of B/S has become one of the popular architectures of enterprise application system by its advantages of zero client-side , easy maintenance and the characteristic of distributing. At the same time, many correlative standards and develop tools appeared. But these standards and develop tools give little support to the functions of client-side and lead to the heavy development work of client-side. Furthermore, the little support of enterprise logic description in server-side lead to worse performance of the maintenance.
In order to resolve the problems described above and to build platform of enterprise application with B/S structure for redeveloping, this paper firstly analyzes the limit of traditional structure of B/S, then gives the solution to the problems based on XML. At last, the platform is designed in details by analyzing the requirements of the function procedure and data.
The server-side and the client-side are divided into several layers. The client-side is divided into four layers: view, data, control and BTS intercommunication layer. Each layer has special function: the view layer is the main interface between the system and the user; because the data layer is the center of the other three layers and its main data object is bounded with the controls of the view layer, all layers but data layer finish their duties by operating the data objects in the data layer.
The server-side is mainly divided into four layers: BTS intercommunication layer, harmony layer, data layer, logic layer. The BTS intercommunication layer is responsible for the communication with the client-side, the harmonize layer is responsible for updating and sending the data from the client-side to data objects in data layer of the server-side and for calling the relevant module in logic layer to operate the enterprise logic. The data layer is also the center of the others, and the other layers finish their duties by operating the data objects in data layer.
In the platform, both the microcosmic logic and the macroscopical logic are described by XML which separate the logic from the code. The separation improves the universal performance and the maintenance performance of the system.
为了解决传统B／S结构企业应用系统开发的上述二个问题，建立B/S结构的企业应用平台，便于二次开发企业应用系统。本文首先分析了传统B／S结构(没有使用XML)应用系统的一些不足，然后结合XML提出了相应的解决方案，并通过B／S结构企业应用系统功能、数据、及流程的分析得出了B／S结构应用中功能、数据及过程需求，最后在详细设计中利用XML的优点及分层设计的思想，初步解决了问题。
为了使平台具有更好的维护及扩展性能，本平台借签了MVC(Model／View／Control)模式思想对服务器端与客户端进行了分层，客户端分为表现层、控制层、数据层及BTS交互层，服务器端为分BTS交互层、协调层、逻辑层及数据层。这些层次各有所职。客户端：表现层负责显示，它是用户与系统交互的主要接口，也是系统的外观；数据层是其它各层交互的纽带，数据层中的主要数据集对象与表现层中的控件进行数据绑定；其它各层通过对数据层中的数据操作从而完成客户端一些基本功能。服务器端：BTS交互层负责服务器与客户端之间的数据交互；协调层负责将BTS数据包解开更新到服务器端的数据层，并调用逻辑层中的模块；逻辑层负责解释执行企业逻辑的描述；同样数据层也是服务器端其它各层交互的纽带。
在平台中，充分的使用了XML的自描述性及扩展性的优点，对平台进行了合理的分层，并在相应的层中预留了数据接口，以适应二次开发的特殊要求，这增强了平台的通用性，并且无论是客户端的微观逻辑，还是服务器端的宏观业务逻辑都使用XML进行描述，使得处理逻辑与程序代码分离，增加了代码的通用性及整个系统的可维护性。
In recent years, The structure of B/S has become one of the popular architectures of enterprise application system by its advantages of zero client-side , easy maintenance and the characteristic of distributing. At the same time, many correlative standards and develop tools appeared. But these standards and develop tools give little support to the functions of client-side and lead to the heavy development work of client-side. Furthermore, the little support of enterprise logic description in server-side lead to worse performance of the maintenance.
In order to resolve the problems described above and to build platform of enterprise application with B/S structure for redeveloping, this paper firstly analyzes the limit of traditional structure of B/S, then gives the solution to the problems based on XML. At last, the platform is designed in details by analyzing the requirements of the function procedure and data.
The server-side and the client-side are divided into several layers. The client-side is divided into four layers: view, data, control and BTS intercommunication layer. Each layer has special function: the view layer is the main interface between the system and the user; because the data layer is the center of the other three layers and its main data object is bounded with the controls of the view layer, all layers but data layer finish their duties by operating the data objects in the data layer.
The server-side is mainly divided into four layers: BTS intercommunication layer, harmony layer, data layer, logic layer. The BTS intercommunication layer is responsible for the communication with the client-side, the harmonize layer is responsible for updating and sending the data from the client-side to data objects in data layer of the server-side and for calling the relevant module in logic layer to operate the enterprise logic. The data layer is also the center of the others, and the other layers finish their duties by operating the data objects in data layer.
In the platform, both the microcosmic logic and the macroscopical logic are described by XML which separate the logic from the code. The separation improves the universal performance and the maintenance performance of the system.
引文
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[24]．置国营，张世混．基于层次消息总线的软件构架动态模拟和演化研究．计算机科学 2001Vol2．8No．3
[25]．张世混，王立福，常欣，杨笑清．基于层次消息总线的软件体系结构描述语言．电子学报 第5期 Vol．29 No．5
[26]．符进强，汪洋，钱乐秋．基于动态构件框架的构件演化．计算机科学 2001 Vol．28 No．1
[27]．任国栋，施化吉，鞠时光．基于工作流图的办公自动化系统及其实现．计算机应用 第22卷第8期
[28]．胡华，俞宏知．基于主动对象的全局Web工作流系统，软件学报Vol．13 No．8
[29]．宋善德，高俊，梅雪莲．一个基于Web的可适应性工作流管理系统结构，计算机工程28卷 第6期
[30]．严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．北京；清华大学出版社．1992年
[31].Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,John Vlissides. De. sign Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman,Inc. 1995
[32].Nurmilaakso, Juha-Mlikka; Kettunen, Jari; Seilonen, Ilkka. XML-based supply chain integration. Integrated Manufacturing Systems v 13 n 8 2002. p 586-595
[33].Becker, Shirley Ann; Berkemeyer, Anthony. Rapid application design and testing of Web usability. IEEE Multimedia v 9 n 4 October/December 2002. p 38-46
[34].Chen, Ruey-Shun; Wang, Hsien-Chih; Wang, Chieh-Min. A Web-based data extraction system for supply chain management using SAP R/3. International Joturnal of Computer Applications in Technology v 16 n 1 2003. p 33-38
[35].Schmidt, Thomas; Furst, Karl; Wippel, Gerald. e-technologies for the Web business. 2002 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference. Cambridge, United Kingdom.20020818-20020820. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference v 1 2002. p 96-100 (IEEE cat n 02ch37329)
[36].Naccarato, Giuseppe. XSLT querying & XML documents. Dr. Dobb's Journal v 27 n 12 December 2002. p 24-28
[37].Ranky, Paul G.Intemet-based collaborative manufacturing. Assembly Automation v21 n2 2001. p 99-100
[38].Tolksdorf, Robert.A web-based workflow management system. IEEE Intemet
Computing v 6 n 5 September/October 2002. p 18-26
[39].Sneed, Harry M. Using XML to integrate existing software systems into the web. 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference. Oxford, United Kingdom 20020826-20020829. Proceedings-IEEE Computer Society's International Computer Software and Applications Conference 2002. p 167-172
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[43].HaroldEUiotte Rusty, MeansW. Scott. XML in a nutshell.O'ReiUy&Associates,Ins. 2000
[44].MartinDidier. Professional Xml..Wrox Press,2000
[45].Microsoft Corporation. C# Language Reference. Mierosofier .Press.2001
[46].HallMarty. Core Web Programming. 2北京：清华大学出版社,1999.4
[47].ha luo de E. R.HaroldElliotte Rusty. Xml Bible. IDG Books World Wide Jnc
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[2]．埃迪，张剑．XML可扩展标记语言命令详解．北京：电子工业出版社,1999．4
[3]．哈罗尔德，杜大鹏．XML实用大全．北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000
[4]．NavarroAnn,周生炳．XML从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社 2000
[5]．JelliffeRick.XML & SGML参考手册．北京：人民邮电出版社 2000．10
[6]．XML中国论坛．XML实用进阶教程．北京：清华大学出版社 2001
[7]．黄中杰，王天利．XML新网页语言开发手册．北京：清华大学出版社 2001
[8]．微软公司．XML 3.0技术内幕．北京：清华大学出版社 2001
[9]．Michael Morrison,陆新年．XML揭秘：入门应用．精通．北京：清华大学出版社,2001．6
[10]．皮特斯，徐晓梅．XML技术内幕．北京：机械工业出版社,2002
[11]．萨伏莱勒．XML国际化和本地化开发．北京：机械工业出版社2002．1
[12]．陈勤意，陈长念．XML&ASP网页程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社,2001
[13]．王超，张鹏．ASP.NET／XML深入编程技术．北京：北京希望电子出版社,2002．1
[14]．斯图姆，莱恩工作室．开发XML解决方案．北京：北京大学出版社 2002
[15]．万林庭，毛选．XML Schema数据库编程指南=XML Schemas．北京：电子工业出版社,2002
[16]．格雷夫斯，尹志军．XML数据库设计．北京：机械工业出版社,2002
[17]．Morrison Mike,Morrison Joline．数据库驱动的Web站点．北京：清华大学出版社：汤姆森学习出版集团 2002
[18]．伯伊恩斯，胡智娟．Web数据库开发学习指南．机械工业出版社2002．1
[19]．施明辉，孙荣胜，陈志洪．基于XML的复杂查询在多层Web系统中的实现 第1卷第2期 江南大学学报2002年6月
[20]．黄莹，杨圈福．XML文档的存储方法研究．计算机工程 第28卷 第5期 2002年5月
[21]．赵书良．XML应用研究．计算机科学3001 V．1．38P6．8
[22]．刘志军．XML在分布式对象技术中的应用．计算机应用研究 第九期
[23]．唐青，何原存．XML在协作商务中的应用．计算机工程 第27卷 第6期 2001
年6月
[24]．置国营，张世混．基于层次消息总线的软件构架动态模拟和演化研究．计算机科学 2001Vol2．8No．3
[25]．张世混，王立福，常欣，杨笑清．基于层次消息总线的软件体系结构描述语言．电子学报 第5期 Vol．29 No．5
[26]．符进强，汪洋，钱乐秋．基于动态构件框架的构件演化．计算机科学 2001 Vol．28 No．1
[27]．任国栋，施化吉，鞠时光．基于工作流图的办公自动化系统及其实现．计算机应用 第22卷第8期
[28]．胡华，俞宏知．基于主动对象的全局Web工作流系统，软件学报Vol．13 No．8
[29]．宋善德，高俊，梅雪莲．一个基于Web的可适应性工作流管理系统结构，计算机工程28卷 第6期
[30]．严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．北京；清华大学出版社．1992年
[31].Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,John Vlissides. De. sign Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley Longman,Inc. 1995
[32].Nurmilaakso, Juha-Mlikka; Kettunen, Jari; Seilonen, Ilkka. XML-based supply chain integration. Integrated Manufacturing Systems v 13 n 8 2002. p 586-595
[33].Becker, Shirley Ann; Berkemeyer, Anthony. Rapid application design and testing of Web usability. IEEE Multimedia v 9 n 4 October/December 2002. p 38-46
[34].Chen, Ruey-Shun; Wang, Hsien-Chih; Wang, Chieh-Min. A Web-based data extraction system for supply chain management using SAP R/3. International Joturnal of Computer Applications in Technology v 16 n 1 2003. p 33-38
[35].Schmidt, Thomas; Furst, Karl; Wippel, Gerald. e-technologies for the Web business. 2002 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference. Cambridge, United Kingdom.20020818-20020820. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference v 1 2002. p 96-100 (IEEE cat n 02ch37329)
[36].Naccarato, Giuseppe. XSLT querying & XML documents. Dr. Dobb's Journal v 27 n 12 December 2002. p 24-28
[37].Ranky, Paul G.Intemet-based collaborative manufacturing. Assembly Automation v21 n2 2001. p 99-100
[38].Tolksdorf, Robert.A web-based workflow management system. IEEE Intemet
Computing v 6 n 5 September/October 2002. p 18-26
[39].Sneed, Harry M. Using XML to integrate existing software systems into the web. 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference. Oxford, United Kingdom 20020826-20020829. Proceedings-IEEE Computer Society's International Computer Software and Applications Conference 2002. p 167-172
[40].Mircrosoff Corporation. Microsoft Ado.net Programming. Mircosoft Press,2001
[41].Scott Roberts. Prong Microsfot Intemet ExplorerS.0.Microsoft Press,2000
[42].EspositoDino. EspositoDino.Professional Asp Data Acc, ess. Wrox Press,2000
[43].HaroldEUiotte Rusty, MeansW. Scott. XML in a nutshell.O'ReiUy&Associates,Ins. 2000
[44].MartinDidier. Professional Xml..Wrox Press,2000
[45].Microsoft Corporation. C# Language Reference. Mierosofier .Press.2001
[46].HallMarty. Core Web Programming. 2北京：清华大学出版社,1999.4
[47].ha luo de E. R.HaroldElliotte Rusty. Xml Bible. IDG Books World Wide Jnc
[48].Mircosoft Corporation. Xml Step by Step. Microsoft Press,2000
[49].si te muJ.,SturmJake. Developing Xml Solutions. Microsoft Press,2000
[50].Mircosoft Corporation. C# Programming. Microsoft Press,2001
[51].AlhabariB. C# Essential. O'Renlly 8,: Associations,Inc, 2001
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