舞毒蛾人工饲养及其NPV生产应用的研究
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摘要
舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar L.)是一种世界性的大害虫，它具有分布广、食性杂、危害重、经常周期性大发生的特点。为了利用舞毒蛾幼虫大量繁殖病毒和更好地实现对该虫的治理，笔者利用人工饲料对舞毒蛾幼虫进行了饲养，并用天然柞树叶作为对比。用柞树叶和人工饲料饲养的结果分别为：1龄幼虫历期12天和15天，2龄幼虫历期均为6天，3龄幼虫均为6天，4龄幼虫分别为6天和7天，5龄幼虫分别为8天和9天，6龄幼虫均为14天，整个幼虫历期分别为52天和57天。用柞树叶饲养的1、2、3、4、5和6龄幼虫的头宽分别为0.580mm、1.128mm、1.781mm、3.072mm、4.300mm、5.215mm，人工饲料饲养的1、2、3、4、5和6龄幼虫的头宽分别为0.594mm、1.179mm、1.594mm、2.760mm、5.086mm、6.234mm；用柞树叶饲养的1、2、3、4、5和6龄幼虫的体长分别为5.40mm、9.26mm、13.90mm、23.50mm、31.20mm、36.3mm，用人工饲料饲养的幼虫的体长分别为4.74mm、9.45mm、14.00mm、22.90mm、35.20mm、38.00mm；用柞树叶和人工饲料饲养的舞毒蛾雄蛹重分别为0.58g和0.72g，雌蛹重分别为0.87g和1.53g。在对舞毒蛾人工饲养的基础上，又进行了舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒的人工生产工艺和林间应用的研究。结果表明天然饲料和人工饲料均能满足舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育的需要，并能用于核型多角体病毒的生产，而用人工饲料繁毒易控制杂菌污染和不受季节性限制，且能及时地为林业生产防治提供大量的病毒制剂。应用2.623×10~7PIB／ml浓度的病毒悬液对林间舞毒蛾幼虫防治试验结果为77.80％。
Lymantria dispar L. is an important worldwide pest. It has a wide distribution, a large range of foods, can cause serious damage and often comes to effect periodically. In order to reproduct virus out of L.dispar larvae ,we have fed them on man-made foods and made contrast with matural leaves of Quercus mongolica. The feeding effect of natural leaves and man-made foods is: the first-instar larva period are 12-day and 15-day, the second is 6-day, the third is 6-day , the fourth are 6-day and 7-day respectively, the fifth are 8-day and
9-day,and the sixth is 14-day,all the larvae period are 52-day and 57-day respectively. The head-width of every-instar larva feeding on natural leaves are 0.580mm, 1.128mm, 1.781mm, 3.072mm, 4.300mm, 5.215mm respectively, and the head-width which fed on man-made foods are 0.594mm, 1.179mm, 1.594mm, 2.760mm, 5.086mm, 6.234mm respectively; The length of every-instar larva feeding on natural leaves are 5.40mm, 9.26mm, 13.90mm, 23.50mm, 31.20mm, 36.3mm respectively, and the length which fed on man-made foods are 4.74mm, 9.45mm, 14.00mm,
22.90mm, 35.20mm, 38.00mm; The male pupa gravity of L. dispar which fed on natural leaves and man-made foods are 0.58g and 0.72g,and the female's are 0.87g and 1.53g. We have studied the product technology and forest application of LdNPV. The effect indicates that both natural foods and man-made foods can satisfy larvae's growth and development. Furthermore, they can also be used of producting NPV. Yet reproducting virus with man-made foods can prevent from other microbes polluting easily, and can't be restrict by seasons. Moreover,
they can provide forestry production with a great deal virus agent. The effect that controlling L.dispar larvae with virus agent (consistence:2.623 X 107PIB/ml) is 77.80%.
Lymantria dispar L. is an important worldwide pest. It has a wide distribution, a large range of foods, can cause serious damage and often comes to effect periodically. In order to reproduct virus out of L.dispar larvae ,we have fed them on man-made foods and made contrast with matural leaves of Quercus mongolica. The feeding effect of natural leaves and man-made foods is: the first-instar larva period are 12-day and 15-day, the second is 6-day, the third is 6-day , the fourth are 6-day and 7-day respectively, the fifth are 8-day and
9-day,and the sixth is 14-day,all the larvae period are 52-day and 57-day respectively. The head-width of every-instar larva feeding on natural leaves are 0.580mm, 1.128mm, 1.781mm, 3.072mm, 4.300mm, 5.215mm respectively, and the head-width which fed on man-made foods are 0.594mm, 1.179mm, 1.594mm, 2.760mm, 5.086mm, 6.234mm respectively; The length of every-instar larva feeding on natural leaves are 5.40mm, 9.26mm, 13.90mm, 23.50mm, 31.20mm, 36.3mm respectively, and the length which fed on man-made foods are 4.74mm, 9.45mm, 14.00mm,
22.90mm, 35.20mm, 38.00mm; The male pupa gravity of L. dispar which fed on natural leaves and man-made foods are 0.58g and 0.72g,and the female's are 0.87g and 1.53g. We have studied the product technology and forest application of LdNPV. The effect indicates that both natural foods and man-made foods can satisfy larvae's growth and development. Furthermore, they can also be used of producting NPV. Yet reproducting virus with man-made foods can prevent from other microbes polluting easily, and can't be restrict by seasons. Moreover,
they can provide forestry production with a great deal virus agent. The effect that controlling L.dispar larvae with virus agent (consistence:2.623 X 107PIB/ml) is 77.80%.
引文
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2．Lames R.Fuxa,王丽英等译 昆虫流行病学 北京农业大学出版社，1992
3．Lewis F.B舞毒蛾核多角体病毒包涵体的贮存对毒力的影响 J.Ent..1978
4．Otvos,IS;何雪香 利用飞机喷洒核型多角体病毒防治黄杉毒蛾 广州林业科技，1990(3)
5．Schaefer,P.W.;严静君等 中国舞毒蛾天敌考察 林业科学，1984，20(4)
6．丁翠等 古毒蛾的一种杆状病毒微生物学报，1980，20(2)
7．丁翠等 烟青虫感染核型多角体病毒后的耗氧量变化 昆虫学报，1989(1)：17—21
8．王志英 落叶松绶尺蠖核型多角体病毒的生物测定 东北林业大学学报，1994
9．东北林业大学主编 森林化学保护 东北林业大学出版社，1982
10．东北林业大学主编 森林害虫生物防治 东北林业大学出版社，1983
12．兰星平 舞毒蛾生物学特性与防治技术研究 贵州林业科技，1996(4)
13．宁长林 天敌对舞毒蛾种群数量控制作用的定量研究 吉林林业科技，1991(4)
14．甘运凯 大尺蠖核型多角体病毒的研究 昆虫学报，1981，24(4)
15．辽宁省林学会编著 森林病虫图册 辽宁科学技术出版社，1986
16．吕鸿声 昆虫病毒与昆虫病毒病 科学出版社，1982
17．安广驰 舞毒蛾危害柿树损失估测模型的研究 山东林业科技，1994(3)
18．许文儒等 用核型多角体病毒防治舞毒蛾的研究 蚕业科学，1979(3)
19．许文儒等 辛硫磷防治天幕毛虫、舞毒蛾等柞木害虫研究初报 蚕业科学，1982(2)
20．许文儒等 舞毒蛾NPV防治舞毒蛾的多点试验 辽宁蚕业科学，1984(3—4)
21．严静君等 四川大邑县舞毒蛾天敌的研究 林业科学研究，1994，7(3)
22．严静君等 辽宁鞍山地区舞毒蛾天敌的研究生物防治通讯，1993，9(3)
23．张龙祥等 生化实验方法和技术 北京：高等教育出版社，1987：265—280
24．张执中等译 舞毒蛾综合管理的研究北京市科学技术出版社，1988
25．李文爱 舞毒蛾的综合治理 陕西林业科技，2001(1)
26．李长友等 甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂的研制及毒力测定 全国生物防治讨论会论文摘要集，1995：201
27．杨学军 舞毒蛾生物防治技术研究进展 陕西林业科技1996，(1)
28．杨复华 病毒学 湖南科学技术出版社，1992
29．周建华 舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂对小白鼠的安全试验 四川林业科技，2000(3)
30．周建华等 舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒毒力生物测定 四川林业科技，1999(3)
31．孟小林等 昆虫病毒杀虫剂生产与应用研究进展 全国生物防治讨论会论文摘要集，1995：27—28
32．岳书奎等 舞毒蛾生命表的初步研究 林业科技通讯，1989(10)
33．岳书奎等 舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒的研究 东北林学院学报，1980(2)
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