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弧形闸门流激振动研究
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摘要
弧形闸门被广泛地应用于水闸和大坝中,采用试验和数值模型结合的方法,有效的分析和评价表孔弧形闸门流激振动,具有重要的工程意义和学术价值。
     本文阐明了研究弧形闸门局部开启时流激振动的理论,用水力模型试验测得了水流脉动压力的时空分布,用ANSYS软件和边界元程序建立了闸门的数值模型,以辽宁石佛寺弧形闸门为例,计算了弧形闸门的自振特性,以及闸门局部开启工作时的振动反应,并对闸门运行的安全可靠性进行了评价。
     弧门流激振动是流固耦合振动,目前难以精确求解闸门和水体耦合振动的运动方程。为了获得方程的近似解,本文将作用在闸门上的水动力荷载分为两个部分,一是闸门无振动时的水流压力,用水力模型试验测定;二是由于闸门振动引起流场扰动的动水压力,通过运动方程中的附加质量阵,附加阻尼阵和附加刚度阵来等效。
     在水力模型试验中,采用了自制的面压力量测装置,实现了点压力到面压力的转换。采用DJ800多功能监测系统对模型多个测点的脉动进行了同步测量,获得了各测点脉动压力的时域过程。并把脉动压力时程作为荷载作用在有限元模型上。
     采用功能强大的ANSYS软件实现了闸门结构的有限元建模。运用自编边界元程序计算了闸门扰动时动水压力的分布,进而推导了附加质量阵的简化求法。在模态分析中,精确得到了闸门有水和无水时自振的频率,直观地观察了闸门自振振型。并针对闸门的设计,提出了优化方案。
     在论文的最后,运用ANSYS进行了瞬态时程计算,分析了石佛寺闸门在局部开启工作时的振动位移和应力。运用动力可靠度分析,采用首次超越破坏机制,评价了闸门在各种工况下工作时的动力可靠性。
Radial gates are widely used on dams and sluices. It is of practical and theoretical significance to analyze and evaluate the flow-induced vibration of the radial gate with hydraulic experiment and numerical computation.
    In the thesis, the theory of the flow-induced vibration of the radial gate is presented. And the flow fluctuating pressure acting on the gate is surveyed with hydraulic experiment. With the ANSYS and BEM program, the numerical model of the gate is established, and the gate structure's dynamic characteristic is analyzed. At last, the dynamic response of the Shifosi Radial Gate is computed and evaluated when the gate works at partial opening.
    The flow-induced vibration of the gate is fluid-structure coupling motion. The equation of the motion is difficult to solve. To obtain the approximate solution, the pressure acting on the gate is divided into two parts, one is the fluctuating pressure of the flow underneath the stationary gate, which is investigated with experiment; the other is the hydrodynamic pressure due to the vibration, which is equivalent to the attached mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix of the equation.
    In the hydraulic model experiment, with a homemade device, the pressure acting on an area is obtained from the pressure on a point. The fluctuating pressures acting on the different parts of the gate are measured simultaneously with DJ800. The distribution of the pressure in time and frequency domain is discussed, and the pressure is applied as the load in the subsequent FEM analysis.
    With the powerful software ANSYS, the FEM model of the gate is developed. The hydrodynamic pressure due to the coupled vibration is studied with Boundary Element Method, and the simplified formula for the attached mass matrix is derived. In the modal analysis, the natural frequencies of the gate in the water, as well as in the air, are calculated, and the modes are directly observed. In addition, principle of the optimization design is proposed.
    Finally, the vibration of the Shifosi Radial Gate is calculated, by performing the transient analysis with ANSYS. And the dynamic response of the gate, the displacement and the stress of the structure, is discussed. Adopting the first-passage failure mechanism, the dynamic reliabilities of the gate at different discharge positions are assessed.
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