数据库技术在船舯结构设计中的应用
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摘要
船舯所受弯矩最大，是全船结构主要矛盾之所在，组成了船体结构的全局性构想，因而是船舶设计的重中之重。舯部结构设计还是船体其他结构设计的原则依据，必须严肃地对待。
在进行舯部结构设计时，绘图工作与计算工作一般是交叉进行的；而且，随着结构设计阶段的发展，局部性结构设计不断深化，舯部结构的计算和图纸的绘制均不免要反复加以修改，直到彼此能相互准确呼应。
正是由于有了大量的反复工作，那么就给设计人员带来了很多不便。特别是在手工设计为主的时期，浪费了大量的人力物力。即便是在今天，计算机绘图已经全面取代了手工绘图，但这种情况仍未得到有效的改变。这是因为在大多数设计或建造单位，微机的应用仅仅限于“电子图板”，而那些与几何元素相关的信息需用另一套系统来保存，即图形与数据的分割。设计的大量工作仍是“以人为本”，未能充分发挥计算机的强大功能。
本人注意到现今国内外对船舯结构设计的研究多集中在初步设计上，即定出舯剖面的框架；而在局部设计中却鲜有作为。但事实上，在对舯部结构进行设计时，大量的精力是被耗费在反复的修改之中。由于图形与数据被分割保存，在修改时构件间的约束关系无法找寻；所以即使是细微的修改也会导致大规模的改动。针对这一现实，本论文的研究重心被定在了如何将图形与数据相连，实现两者之间的互动。这事实上是一种参数化的思想，关键在于如何实现这一想法。
经过反复研究，最后决定用SQL Server数据库来存储有关数据，用VB开发一个数据库管理系统，并在该系统中对AutoCAD 2000进行二次开发实现图形与数据的联动。
本次研究有两个重点，也是难点。一是如何设计一个数据库，使其能够恰到好处地反映船舶的舯部结构；简而言之，也就是研究舯剖面图的数据结构。另一个难点是利用VB开发一个数据库管理
一
系统，实现“数”与“图”的—一对应关系。
在前文工作的基础上，本论文开发了肿部结构的设计软件，在
AlltOCAD 2000的平台上进行二次开发口该软件的界面采用 VB进行
编制，使用方便，即便出现故障，也易于调试。该软件适用于内河
中小型散货船船的肿剖面设计。
Midship section design is a vital step among ship's design. This section endures most bending load, and materializes the structure of the whole ship. Therefore, the work in this part must be treated seriously and particularly.
During the process of the midship section design, drawing and calculating are carried through crossly; moreover, with the development of this step, design of detailed structures would be deepened continuously. So drawing and calculating of the midship structure must be modificated again and again, until the perfect consistence between the data and graph is realized.
Because of such a great deal of reiteration, designers have to deal with many unnecessary troubles. Thereby, a mass of manpower and material resources are wasted in this step. Even at today, when computer-aided drawing has replaced manuel drawing entirely, this condition still doesn't be changed effectively. The reason is that in the most of designing and constructing units, computer is only looked upon as an "electric board," nearly all of the information related to the geometric elements must be saved by another system. That means data and graph are divided completely.
Author noticed that these days, many researches about the design of midship section are focused on the scantling of the component in the preliminary design phase. However, the detail design is "ignored" by most of researchers. In fact, a great deal of energy are used in the repeating modifications. Because the data and graph are kept respectively, it is very difficult to find the geometric topology and dimension- restrain information between the components. Then, the direct result is that even a specific modification would lead to a large-scale change. Aimed at the praxis, in this paper, the center -gravity of research is placed on how to link the data and graph. Actually, it is a kind of parametric idea, but the key is how to realized it.
After laborious research, Author decided to choose SQL Server 7.0(the data base) to keep all the data. Then, use VB to develop a DBMS to manage these data, and construct an interface between VB and AutoCAD 2000. So, it is
possible to control the data and graph at the same time.
The thesis has developed an application program on the platform of AutoCAD 2000. Maybe, now it is not suitable to call it "software"; however, if others were willing to continue this research, authors would appreciated it very much.
在进行舯部结构设计时，绘图工作与计算工作一般是交叉进行的；而且，随着结构设计阶段的发展，局部性结构设计不断深化，舯部结构的计算和图纸的绘制均不免要反复加以修改，直到彼此能相互准确呼应。
正是由于有了大量的反复工作，那么就给设计人员带来了很多不便。特别是在手工设计为主的时期，浪费了大量的人力物力。即便是在今天，计算机绘图已经全面取代了手工绘图，但这种情况仍未得到有效的改变。这是因为在大多数设计或建造单位，微机的应用仅仅限于“电子图板”，而那些与几何元素相关的信息需用另一套系统来保存，即图形与数据的分割。设计的大量工作仍是“以人为本”，未能充分发挥计算机的强大功能。
本人注意到现今国内外对船舯结构设计的研究多集中在初步设计上，即定出舯剖面的框架；而在局部设计中却鲜有作为。但事实上，在对舯部结构进行设计时，大量的精力是被耗费在反复的修改之中。由于图形与数据被分割保存，在修改时构件间的约束关系无法找寻；所以即使是细微的修改也会导致大规模的改动。针对这一现实，本论文的研究重心被定在了如何将图形与数据相连，实现两者之间的互动。这事实上是一种参数化的思想，关键在于如何实现这一想法。
经过反复研究，最后决定用SQL Server数据库来存储有关数据，用VB开发一个数据库管理系统，并在该系统中对AutoCAD 2000进行二次开发实现图形与数据的联动。
本次研究有两个重点，也是难点。一是如何设计一个数据库，使其能够恰到好处地反映船舶的舯部结构；简而言之，也就是研究舯剖面图的数据结构。另一个难点是利用VB开发一个数据库管理
一
系统，实现“数”与“图”的—一对应关系。
在前文工作的基础上，本论文开发了肿部结构的设计软件，在
AlltOCAD 2000的平台上进行二次开发口该软件的界面采用 VB进行
编制，使用方便，即便出现故障，也易于调试。该软件适用于内河
中小型散货船船的肿剖面设计。
Midship section design is a vital step among ship's design. This section endures most bending load, and materializes the structure of the whole ship. Therefore, the work in this part must be treated seriously and particularly.
During the process of the midship section design, drawing and calculating are carried through crossly; moreover, with the development of this step, design of detailed structures would be deepened continuously. So drawing and calculating of the midship structure must be modificated again and again, until the perfect consistence between the data and graph is realized.
Because of such a great deal of reiteration, designers have to deal with many unnecessary troubles. Thereby, a mass of manpower and material resources are wasted in this step. Even at today, when computer-aided drawing has replaced manuel drawing entirely, this condition still doesn't be changed effectively. The reason is that in the most of designing and constructing units, computer is only looked upon as an "electric board," nearly all of the information related to the geometric elements must be saved by another system. That means data and graph are divided completely.
Author noticed that these days, many researches about the design of midship section are focused on the scantling of the component in the preliminary design phase. However, the detail design is "ignored" by most of researchers. In fact, a great deal of energy are used in the repeating modifications. Because the data and graph are kept respectively, it is very difficult to find the geometric topology and dimension- restrain information between the components. Then, the direct result is that even a specific modification would lead to a large-scale change. Aimed at the praxis, in this paper, the center -gravity of research is placed on how to link the data and graph. Actually, it is a kind of parametric idea, but the key is how to realized it.
After laborious research, Author decided to choose SQL Server 7.0(the data base) to keep all the data. Then, use VB to develop a DBMS to manage these data, and construct an interface between VB and AutoCAD 2000. So, it is
possible to control the data and graph at the same time.
The thesis has developed an application program on the platform of AutoCAD 2000. Maybe, now it is not suitable to call it "software"; however, if others were willing to continue this research, authors would appreciated it very much.
引文
[1] 李浩等．基于特征的参数化造型的思想．贵州工业大学CAD技术研究所
[2] Tribon M1系统简要说明书．Tribon Solution公司，1999
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[4] 邬曼君．国际船舶CAD／CAM／CIM软件发展动态．船舶，1995(5) 41～43
[5] 黄永红等．WINDOWS环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程，1997(1)
[6] 李俊华，赵成壁，陈宾康等．船舶布置方案设计的ICASD方法，船舶工程，1999(5)
[7] 罗浩．基于约束的工程图形参数化设计系统的理论及实践：[博士学位论文]．武汉：华中理工大学机械工程学院，1995．6
[8] 高曙明，陈正鸣，彭群生，PADS—一个基于推理的参数化没计系统，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1995(2) 123～129
[9] 穆学林等．参数化标准件和典型结构工具系统的研究．交通与计算机增刊，1993 343～345
[10] 胡熠峰．参数化绘图软仆开发系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉交通科技大学船舶与海洋工程系，1996．4
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[12] 邵平平．基于参数化作图的图形参数化方法．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1995．7(3) 202～203
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[16] B.J. Novitski. Two architects demonstrate how object-oriented CAD the technology dujour, will change the way design work is done. Architectural Record, 1999(10)
[17] Namhee Kim. Entity-based for computer-aided design system. Journal Of Computer In Civil Engineering, 1998(1)
[18] Rabren U.Ship geometry mod?ing. Ship Technology Research, 1996.43(3)
[19] H.Adeli and K.V.Balasurbramanyam, A Knowledge-Based System for Design of Bridge Trusses, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2(1) ,1998．
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[28] Adeli, H & Hung, S.L (1995) .Machine Learning, John Wiley and Sons, New York
[29] Cybenko, G. ( 1989 ) Approximation by Superpositions of a Sigmoidal Function,Math. Control Signal Systems, vol.2, pp303-314
[30] Genesereth, M.R. , Singh, N.P. & Syed ,M.A. ( 1994 ) .Software Agents,Communication of the ACM, vol.37,No.7．
[31] Jacobs, R.A. & Jordan, M. I. ( 1991) . Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts, Neural Compttation, vol.3 No.1
[32] Watson, A.H. Parmee, I. C. (1996) . Identification of Fluid Systems using Genetic Programming, Proceedings of Fourth European Congress on Intelligent Technique and Soft Computing Also available at http://techweb.see.plyin.ac.uk/soc/research/edc/public/papers/wec96． zip
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[35] Happel,B. & Murre, J.M.J. Design and Evolution of Modular Neural Network Architedture, Neural Nedworks, (1994) vol.7,985-1004
[36] Quinlan,J.R..C4.: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann Publication (1993)
[37] Smieja,F.J..The Pandemonium System of Reflective Agents, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, (1996) vol.7,No.1
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[2] Tribon M1系统简要说明书．Tribon Solution公司，1999
[3] 刘宁，王其昌，浅谈船舶CAD软件开发的几个问题．软件开发与应用，1996(1)
[4] 邬曼君．国际船舶CAD／CAM／CIM软件发展动态．船舶，1995(5) 41～43
[5] 黄永红等．WINDOWS环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程，1997(1)
[6] 李俊华，赵成壁，陈宾康等．船舶布置方案设计的ICASD方法，船舶工程，1999(5)
[7] 罗浩．基于约束的工程图形参数化设计系统的理论及实践：[博士学位论文]．武汉：华中理工大学机械工程学院，1995．6
[8] 高曙明，陈正鸣，彭群生，PADS—一个基于推理的参数化没计系统，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1995(2) 123～129
[9] 穆学林等．参数化标准件和典型结构工具系统的研究．交通与计算机增刊，1993 343～345
[10] 胡熠峰．参数化绘图软仆开发系统的研究：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉交通科技大学船舶与海洋工程系，1996．4
[11] 林峰等．基于图形数据的图形参数化方法．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1993．5(3) 185～187
[12] 邵平平．基于参数化作图的图形参数化方法．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1995．7(3) 202～203
[13] A.I. Llewenlyn. Review of CAD/CAM..CAD, 1989.21(5(?)
[14] Yongjae shin & Soon-Hung Han. Data enhancement for sharing of ship design models. Computer-Aided Design, 1998.30(12)
[15] A.Z. Qamhiyah. A strategy for the construction of customized design libraries for CAD. Computer-Aided Design, 1996.30(6)
[16] B.J. Novitski. Two architects demonstrate how object-oriented CAD the technology dujour, will change the way design work is done. Architectural Record, 1999(10)
[17] Namhee Kim. Entity-based for computer-aided design system. Journal Of Computer In Civil Engineering, 1998(1)
[18] Rabren U.Ship geometry mod?ing. Ship Technology Research, 1996.43(3)
[19] H.Adeli and K.V.Balasurbramanyam, A Knowledge-Based System for Design of Bridge Trusses, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2(1) ,1998．
[20] D. C. Brown and K. V. Chandrasekaran, Expert Systems for a Class of Mechanical Design Activity, Proceedings of the IFIF WG 5． 2 Working Coference on Knowledge Engineering in Computer-Aided Design, North-Holland, 1985
[21] S. Mittal, C. L. Dym, and M. Morjaria, PRIDE: An Expert System for the Design of Paper Handling System, Application of Knowledge-based System to Engineering Analysis and design, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985 (11) ,99-115
[22] J.R.J.H.Garret, and S.J.Fenves, Knowledge-Based Standard-Independendent Member Design, Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,115 (6) ,1998．
[23] Y.S.Yang and Y.S.Yeun, Knowledge-based expert system for the preliminary ship structural design, Transaction on the Society of Naval Architecture of Korea, 29( 1) , 1992
[24] K.H.Lee, D.G.Lee, and S.H.Han, Object-Oriented Approach to a Knowledge-Based Structural Design System, International Journal of Expert System with Applications, 10 (2) ,223-231,1996
[25] Det Norske Veritas (DNV) , Rules for Classification of Ships, Norway, 1993
[26] A.I.Holub, Compiler Design in C, Prentice Hall, 1990
[27] H.Adeli and S.L.Hung, An Object-Oriented Model for Processing Earthquake Engineering Knowledge, Microcomputers in Civil Engineering, 5(2) , 1990
[28] Adeli, H & Hung, S.L (1995) .Machine Learning, John Wiley and Sons, New York
[29] Cybenko, G. ( 1989 ) Approximation by Superpositions of a Sigmoidal Function,Math. Control Signal Systems, vol.2, pp303-314
[30] Genesereth, M.R. , Singh, N.P. & Syed ,M.A. ( 1994 ) .Software Agents,Communication of the ACM, vol.37,No.7．
[31] Jacobs, R.A. & Jordan, M. I. ( 1991) . Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts, Neural Compttation, vol.3 No.1
[32] Watson, A.H. Parmee, I. C. (1996) . Identification of Fluid Systems using Genetic Programming, Proceedings of Fourth European Congress on Intelligent Technique and Soft Computing Also available at http://techweb.see.plyin.ac.uk/soc/research/edc/public/papers/wec96． zip
[33] Koza.J.R. (1992) .Genetic Programming : On the Programming of Computers by Maens of Natural Selection, The MIT Press
[34] Koza, J. R. Genetic Programming Ⅱ: Automatic Discovery of ReusablePrograms, The MIT Press (1994)
[35] Happel,B. & Murre, J.M.J. Design and Evolution of Modular Neural Network Architedture, Neural Nedworks, (1994) vol.7,985-1004
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