基于策略的网络管理
摘要
基于策略的网络管理(Policy Based Network Management，PBNM)是近两年来迅速发展起来的研究领域，旨在使智能从网络核心向网络边缘外移，并从边缘路由器中提出移入边缘服务器，在边缘形成一个智能层或服务层，提供新的增值宽带业务，在边缘服务器用策略服务器处理业务提供问题，而网络核心的传送将成为一个独立于业务和应用的容量大、动态灵活、安全可靠和低成本的基础平台，专职于信息比特流的传送，使网络管理的对象从具体设备上升为业务规则，从而简化网络的管理。
本文正是基于这样的技术和应用背景，开展了相应的基于策略的网络管理理论、关键技术及其应用的研究工作。本文的主要研究工作和成果如下：
● 分析了传统的网络管理技术和发展历程，对网络管理的国际标准CMIP、TMN、SNMP和COPS等及网络管理的功能进行了讨论；
● 对服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)中的主要理论，如IntServ和DiffServ服务模型、QoS协议、QoS队列技术、QoS体系结构进行了探讨；
● 基于当今的流行技术J2EE、WFE、XML，提出并设计了以EJB／WFE框架构筑的策略管理体系结构；
● 讨论了基于策略的网络管理(PBNM)中的若干关键技术问题，如策略信息模型、策略网络的系统构架及组件间的交互关系；
● 设计了基于策略的网络管理系统(Policy Based Network Management System，PBNMS)与运营支撑系统(Operation Support System，OSS)各模块间的关系和通信接口，运用分布对象技术建立网管信息模型，运用域进行策略的等级管理；
● 讨论了策略服务器(PDP)和策略实施点(PEP)的工作流程，采用关系数据库进行策略的存储，设计并实现了策略数据库、策略服务器(PDP)。
在目前，PBNM系统应用需求日益广泛而本身的理论技术还不成熟的情况下，我们的研究具有以一定的理论和实际应用价值。
In the late two years, policy Based Network Management (PBNM) emerges as a rapid growing and promising research area. Its goal is to make the network aptitude move from network backbone to network boundary, abstract it from boundary router to boundary server. It will form an aptitude layer or service layer and afford increment broadband business there. Policy server will deal with the business afford thing, while the network backbone transport just responsible for the information bit transport which will be a dynamic with high capacity, credibility low cost dependent with business and application. PBNM make the network managed object raised from special devices to business rules, in this way it simplified the network management.
Under such technical and applied backgrounds, this dissertation investigates Policy based network management theory, key technology and its application. The main research work are as follows.
First, it is analyzed for the architecture of traditional Network Management technology and development, and the network management international functions and standards such as CMIP, TMN, SNMP , COPS and etc are disscussed.
Second , it do research on the theory of Quality of Service, such as IntServ and DiffServ module, QoS protocols, QoS array techniques and QoS architecture.
Third, based on the current techniques as J2EE, WFE and XML, an architecture of a PBNM system using EJB and WFE is presented.
Forth, it is discussed for some key components in PBNM domain, such as QoS information module, policy based metwork management framework and the relations among components
Fifth, it designed the relations and communication interface between PBNMS
and other OSS modules, and elaborated a strategy of building a distributed object information model and discussed its specific implementation, and implement the policy hierarchy using domain.
Last, it is discussed for the workflow of PDF and PEP. Relational database for the policy respository is used, and policy database and policy decision server are designed and implemented in this dissertation.
At present, the demands for PBNM applications are very wide. However, the PBNM theory and its technology are still immature. We hope our research work give some valuable theoretic and practical insights into this exciting area.
本文正是基于这样的技术和应用背景，开展了相应的基于策略的网络管理理论、关键技术及其应用的研究工作。本文的主要研究工作和成果如下：
● 分析了传统的网络管理技术和发展历程，对网络管理的国际标准CMIP、TMN、SNMP和COPS等及网络管理的功能进行了讨论；
● 对服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)中的主要理论，如IntServ和DiffServ服务模型、QoS协议、QoS队列技术、QoS体系结构进行了探讨；
● 基于当今的流行技术J2EE、WFE、XML，提出并设计了以EJB／WFE框架构筑的策略管理体系结构；
● 讨论了基于策略的网络管理(PBNM)中的若干关键技术问题，如策略信息模型、策略网络的系统构架及组件间的交互关系；
● 设计了基于策略的网络管理系统(Policy Based Network Management System，PBNMS)与运营支撑系统(Operation Support System，OSS)各模块间的关系和通信接口，运用分布对象技术建立网管信息模型，运用域进行策略的等级管理；
● 讨论了策略服务器(PDP)和策略实施点(PEP)的工作流程，采用关系数据库进行策略的存储，设计并实现了策略数据库、策略服务器(PDP)。
在目前，PBNM系统应用需求日益广泛而本身的理论技术还不成熟的情况下，我们的研究具有以一定的理论和实际应用价值。
In the late two years, policy Based Network Management (PBNM) emerges as a rapid growing and promising research area. Its goal is to make the network aptitude move from network backbone to network boundary, abstract it from boundary router to boundary server. It will form an aptitude layer or service layer and afford increment broadband business there. Policy server will deal with the business afford thing, while the network backbone transport just responsible for the information bit transport which will be a dynamic with high capacity, credibility low cost dependent with business and application. PBNM make the network managed object raised from special devices to business rules, in this way it simplified the network management.
Under such technical and applied backgrounds, this dissertation investigates Policy based network management theory, key technology and its application. The main research work are as follows.
First, it is analyzed for the architecture of traditional Network Management technology and development, and the network management international functions and standards such as CMIP, TMN, SNMP , COPS and etc are disscussed.
Second , it do research on the theory of Quality of Service, such as IntServ and DiffServ module, QoS protocols, QoS array techniques and QoS architecture.
Third, based on the current techniques as J2EE, WFE and XML, an architecture of a PBNM system using EJB and WFE is presented.
Forth, it is discussed for some key components in PBNM domain, such as QoS information module, policy based metwork management framework and the relations among components
Fifth, it designed the relations and communication interface between PBNMS
and other OSS modules, and elaborated a strategy of building a distributed object information model and discussed its specific implementation, and implement the policy hierarchy using domain.
Last, it is discussed for the workflow of PDF and PEP. Relational database for the policy respository is used, and policy database and policy decision server are designed and implemented in this dissertation.
At present, the demands for PBNM applications are very wide. However, the PBNM theory and its technology are still immature. We hope our research work give some valuable theoretic and practical insights into this exciting area.
引文
[1] RFC 1157,Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)May 1990
[2] 肖德宝，网络管理技术现状及发展趋势，国际电子报，1998年11期
[3] 雷震洲，2001年十大热门通信技术，http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/t-consumer/02/2001090704.html
[4] 蒙初，世界通信技术发展趋势，http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/paper/xddxkj5/tel_paper xddxkj5 2000-1/tel paper xdd xkj5 2000-1 page2.htm
[5] ISO/OSI. Basic Reference Model for Open System Interconnection. IS7498, Oct. 1984
[6] Aiko Pras, Network Management Architectures,CTIT Ph. D-thesis series No. 95-02
[7] M.3010. Principles of Telecommunications Management Network(TMN). (CCITT) ITU-T Recommendation M.3010, December 1991.
[8] Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ, RFC1213. Network Working Group
[9] William Stallings, SNMP and SNMPv2: The Infrastructure for Network Management, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 1998
[10] RFC 2570, Introduction to SNMPv3 April 1999
[11] RFC 2748, The COPS(Common Open Policy Service) Protocol, http://www.ietf.com
[12] Policy Core LDAP Schema, http://www.ietf.org
[13] QoS protocol & architectures, http://www.qosforum.com
[14] NE80 高端路由设备的 IP QoS技术，华为技术报，第134期(2002．03．09)
[15] VRP QoS技术白皮书，http://datacomm.huawei.com
[16] QoSarray, http://www.sitaranetworks.com/products/QoSarray/
[17] IP网QoS模型的分析与比较，http://www.c114.net/technic／technicread.asp
[18] Primer for PBNM and Qos, Hewlett-Packard Company, 1999
[19] Terminology for Policy-Based Management, Policy Framework Working Group, INTERNET-DRAFT, http://www.ietf.org
[20] Policy-based Network Management, http://dpe.postech.ac.kr/policy
[21] 沈俊，罗军舟，顾冠群，基于策略和域和网络管理，计算机工程与应用，2001年第23卷
[22] Raju Rajan, Dinesh Verma, Sanjay Kamat, Eyal Felstaine, Shai Herzog, A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet, http://ailot.com/html/white products technology pbn.shtm
[23] Frank Strauβ, Concept of a Script MIB based Policy Management System, http://www.ibr-bs.de/project/jasmin
[24] RFC 3060, Policy Core Information Model—Version 1 Specification http://www.ietf.org
[25] Ploicy Architecture: PEP and PDP, iBand2, San Francisco, CA, May 24, 1999
[26] Policy-Based Management Suite, www.allot.com/html/products netpolicy.shtm
[27] RFC3084, COPS Usage for Policy Provisioning (COPS-PR), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3084.html
[28] Commom Information Model(CIM), http://www.dmtf.org/spec/cims.html
[29] Policy QoS Information Model, http://www.ietf.org
[30] A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet, http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[31]．胡艳、杨海松、彭燕林、洪佩琳、李津生，Ipv4和Ipv6网络中的QoS策略控制，
[32]．洪佩琳、刘晓湘、杨凯峰、李津生，IP网络中的 QoS 策略控制技术，http://www.lninfo.gov.cn/gxjs/xxjs/kj/6.htm
[33] Mark Bearden, Ajita John, Keith Vanderveen, Implementing policy-based network management through automated plan generation, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies
[34] Jonathan Wolf, Configuration management: Automating deployment of services throughout network, http://www.unisvsworld.com/monthly/2001/06/configmgmt.shtml
[35] J.Saperia, J. Schonwalder, Policy-Based Enhancements to the SNMP Framework, http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[36] Boros, S. Policy-Based Network Management with SNMP, Computer Science Dep.,University of Twente
[37] Jurgen Schonwalder, Internet Staudards znm Policy-based network management http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[38] Policy-based Network Management with SNMP, http://ing.ctit.utwente.nl/WU2/d2.3/polmgmtsnmp/
[39] multi-level traffic management, http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[40] 何琨，肖德宝，园区网网管分布式对象建模策略及其实现，小型微型计算机系统，2002年第23卷第2期
[41] http://www.wfmc.com
[42] UML论坛，http://www.umlchina.com/
[43] The source for java(TM)technology, http://www.javasoft.com/
[44] 何琨，肖德宝，邓国斌，网络管理系统 WEB 数据库解决方案，计算机工程与应用，
2002年第38卷(总第400期)
[45] Enterprise QoS Policy Based Systems & Network Management http://www.sun.com/software/bandwidth/wp-policy/
[46] Brian J. O'Keefe, Diffserv Policies and Their Combinations in OpenView/JP1 PolicyXpert, http://www.kanadas.com/Papers/network-papers.html
[47] IBM Network Consulting and Integration,Network Resource Control Services for e-business, http://www.ibm.com/services/nc/download/g5101713． pdf
[48] Managing Enhanced Network Services: A Pragmatic View of Policy-Based Management, http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/q 12000/articles/art_5． htm
[49] Policy-Based Enhancements to the SNMP Framework
[50] Internet Staudards znm Policy-based network management http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[51] multi-level traffic management http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[52] A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[53] Enterprise QoS Policy Based Systems & Network Management http://www.sun.com/software/bandwidth/wp-policy/
[54] Diffserv Policies and Their Combinations in OpenView/JP1 PolicyXpert http://www.kanadas.com/Papers/network-papers.html
[55] IBM Network Consulting and Integration Network Resource Control Services for e-business
[56] www.ibm.com/services/nc/download/g5101713． pdf
[57] QoSIssue, http://wwwl.ics.uci.edu/-ypan/QoSppt/QoSIssue21． ppt
[58] IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF POL1CY BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, http://emerge.ttt.bme.hu/PAPERS/83． PDF
[59] UPM: Unified Policy-Based Network Managementl http://www.comm.toronto.edu/-eddie/Papers/upm spie_itcom2001． pdf
[60] Implementation of the Two Tier Differentiated Services Architecture , http://irl.cs.ucla.edu/twotier/
[2] 肖德宝，网络管理技术现状及发展趋势，国际电子报，1998年11期
[3] 雷震洲，2001年十大热门通信技术，http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/t-consumer/02/2001090704.html
[4] 蒙初，世界通信技术发展趋势，http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/paper/xddxkj5/tel_paper xddxkj5 2000-1/tel paper xdd xkj5 2000-1 page2.htm
[5] ISO/OSI. Basic Reference Model for Open System Interconnection. IS7498, Oct. 1984
[6] Aiko Pras, Network Management Architectures,CTIT Ph. D-thesis series No. 95-02
[7] M.3010. Principles of Telecommunications Management Network(TMN). (CCITT) ITU-T Recommendation M.3010, December 1991.
[8] Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ, RFC1213. Network Working Group
[9] William Stallings, SNMP and SNMPv2: The Infrastructure for Network Management, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 1998
[10] RFC 2570, Introduction to SNMPv3 April 1999
[11] RFC 2748, The COPS(Common Open Policy Service) Protocol, http://www.ietf.com
[12] Policy Core LDAP Schema, http://www.ietf.org
[13] QoS protocol & architectures, http://www.qosforum.com
[14] NE80 高端路由设备的 IP QoS技术，华为技术报，第134期(2002．03．09)
[15] VRP QoS技术白皮书，http://datacomm.huawei.com
[16] QoSarray, http://www.sitaranetworks.com/products/QoSarray/
[17] IP网QoS模型的分析与比较，http://www.c114.net/technic／technicread.asp
[18] Primer for PBNM and Qos, Hewlett-Packard Company, 1999
[19] Terminology for Policy-Based Management, Policy Framework Working Group, INTERNET-DRAFT, http://www.ietf.org
[20] Policy-based Network Management, http://dpe.postech.ac.kr/policy
[21] 沈俊，罗军舟，顾冠群，基于策略和域和网络管理，计算机工程与应用，2001年第23卷
[22] Raju Rajan, Dinesh Verma, Sanjay Kamat, Eyal Felstaine, Shai Herzog, A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet, http://ailot.com/html/white products technology pbn.shtm
[23] Frank Strauβ, Concept of a Script MIB based Policy Management System, http://www.ibr-bs.de/project/jasmin
[24] RFC 3060, Policy Core Information Model—Version 1 Specification http://www.ietf.org
[25] Ploicy Architecture: PEP and PDP, iBand2, San Francisco, CA, May 24, 1999
[26] Policy-Based Management Suite, www.allot.com/html/products netpolicy.shtm
[27] RFC3084, COPS Usage for Policy Provisioning (COPS-PR), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3084.html
[28] Commom Information Model(CIM), http://www.dmtf.org/spec/cims.html
[29] Policy QoS Information Model, http://www.ietf.org
[30] A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet, http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[31]．胡艳、杨海松、彭燕林、洪佩琳、李津生，Ipv4和Ipv6网络中的QoS策略控制，
[32]．洪佩琳、刘晓湘、杨凯峰、李津生，IP网络中的 QoS 策略控制技术，http://www.lninfo.gov.cn/gxjs/xxjs/kj/6.htm
[33] Mark Bearden, Ajita John, Keith Vanderveen, Implementing policy-based network management through automated plan generation, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies
[34] Jonathan Wolf, Configuration management: Automating deployment of services throughout network, http://www.unisvsworld.com/monthly/2001/06/configmgmt.shtml
[35] J.Saperia, J. Schonwalder, Policy-Based Enhancements to the SNMP Framework, http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[36] Boros, S. Policy-Based Network Management with SNMP, Computer Science Dep.,University of Twente
[37] Jurgen Schonwalder, Internet Staudards znm Policy-based network management http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[38] Policy-based Network Management with SNMP, http://ing.ctit.utwente.nl/WU2/d2.3/polmgmtsnmp/
[39] multi-level traffic management, http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[40] 何琨，肖德宝，园区网网管分布式对象建模策略及其实现，小型微型计算机系统，2002年第23卷第2期
[41] http://www.wfmc.com
[42] UML论坛，http://www.umlchina.com/
[43] The source for java(TM)technology, http://www.javasoft.com/
[44] 何琨，肖德宝，邓国斌，网络管理系统 WEB 数据库解决方案，计算机工程与应用，
2002年第38卷(总第400期)
[45] Enterprise QoS Policy Based Systems & Network Management http://www.sun.com/software/bandwidth/wp-policy/
[46] Brian J. O'Keefe, Diffserv Policies and Their Combinations in OpenView/JP1 PolicyXpert, http://www.kanadas.com/Papers/network-papers.html
[47] IBM Network Consulting and Integration,Network Resource Control Services for e-business, http://www.ibm.com/services/nc/download/g5101713． pdf
[48] Managing Enhanced Network Services: A Pragmatic View of Policy-Based Management, http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/q 12000/articles/art_5． htm
[49] Policy-Based Enhancements to the SNMP Framework
[50] Internet Staudards znm Policy-based network management http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/users/schoenw/resume.shtml
[51] multi-level traffic management http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[52] A Policy Framework for Integrated and Differentiated Service in the Internet http://www.allot.com/html/products_white.shtm
[53] Enterprise QoS Policy Based Systems & Network Management http://www.sun.com/software/bandwidth/wp-policy/
[54] Diffserv Policies and Their Combinations in OpenView/JP1 PolicyXpert http://www.kanadas.com/Papers/network-papers.html
[55] IBM Network Consulting and Integration Network Resource Control Services for e-business
[56] www.ibm.com/services/nc/download/g5101713． pdf
[57] QoSIssue, http://wwwl.ics.uci.edu/-ypan/QoSppt/QoSIssue21． ppt
[58] IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF POL1CY BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, http://emerge.ttt.bme.hu/PAPERS/83． PDF
[59] UPM: Unified Policy-Based Network Managementl http://www.comm.toronto.edu/-eddie/Papers/upm spie_itcom2001． pdf
[60] Implementation of the Two Tier Differentiated Services Architecture , http://irl.cs.ucla.edu/twotier/
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