网络计费的研究与设计实现

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作者：全锐 论文级别：硕士 学科专业名称：计算机软件与理论 中文关键词：网络计费 ; NetFlow ; Radius ; SNMP ; 线程池 英文关键词：Network accounting ; NetFlow ; Radius ; SNMP ; Thread pool 学位年度：2001 导师：卢显良 学科代码：081202 学位授予单位：电子科技大学 论文提交日期：2001-12-01

摘要

随着网络带宽的增加和人们对网络服务质量要求的提高，网络计费越来越重要。并且随着新业务的出现，网络计费又出现了许多新的需求。现有的一些计费系统有的由于过时已经不能满足需要，而有的适用范围狭窄。因此一定范围内的通用性和适应新业务新需求已成为了网络计费系统的迫切需要。本课题正是在这种情况下，调研现有计费系统的优缺点，提出了一个有一定代表性的高效的解决方案和设计实现。
     本文首先详细讨论了现有各种主要网络计费方式的原理，以及它们的应用场合，并对这些计费方式作了一定的比较，接着分析了网络计费的发展和需求。在此基础上，结合一个具体中型网管中心的拓扑结构和用户计费需求，提出了结合Cisco NetFlow流量计费，Radius时长计费和SNMP流量计费的综合解决方案。论文详细介绍了上述三种计费方式的原理和相关的技术基础，为整个解决方案提出了总体设计，并针对每种具体计费方式，给出了详细的设计实现。
     本课题采用了一些优秀的设计思想：如缓解报文接收端的压力而设计的两种线程池；为了提高拨号用户认证授权效率而用到的Ldap目录结构；为了解决基于UDP无连接通信的不可靠性，而在应用层设计的自适应超时重发机制和路由器数据采集时间间隔动态调整算法以及计费数据库的高效设计。为了提高系统的健壮性，还用到了主从式分布技术以及实时监控技术。论文详细讨论了上述优秀思想的具体应用，对于某些重点部分从数据结构和程序源码的角度给予了详细的阐述与分析。
     对于本网络计费的各个主要部分，论文给出了相应的测试方法和结果，从而验证了我们的设计实现。最后，我们对网络计费的新需求和发展作了一定的讨论和展望，并说明了本课题实现中的一些不足。总的来说，细致的调研，严格的设计实现以及充分的测试，使本研究项目实现的网络计费系统已经达到适用的程度，通过了有关单位的验收，并拟在一定的范围内推广使用。
With the increase of network bandwidth and Qos requested by people, more and more attentions are being highly focused on the network accounting. Especially, there come out many new aspects of network operation. But currently, multitude network accounting systems can't meet new needs or can't apply in a universal
    circumstance. So the universality in some instances and the adaption to new requests become urgent needs of network accounting. Through comprehensive researches, we put forward an effective solution and implementation of network accounting.
    All kinds of major network accounting methods and their application environments are discussed in this thesis firstly. And it summarizes the developments and requirements of network accounting. Then it analyzes the topolopy and the user's requirements of a network management center. According to the analyse it provides a network accounting solution realized by Cisco NetFlow flux accounting, SNMP flux accounting and Radius time accounting. It introduces the theory of the three technologies, describes the general design and the concrete implementation.
    There are many excellent ideas in the thesis, such as thread pool when handling incoming packets, using of LDAP to reduce the response time of Radius authentication, timeout and retransmission on application layer when using UDP, self-adaption arithmetic of intervals when collecting data from router, and the effective design of database policy. To increase the robustness of the system, we use the major-minor schema and the real-time monitor. The thesis expounds these idears and for some parts, it analyzes the data structure and the source codes..
    We present the testing methods and results for main parts of our implementation. In the end, we discuss the new requirements of network accounting and prospect its future. And also we account for the shortcoming of the implementation. Above all, throuth careful design and testing, the network accounting system has come into application. It has been checked and accepted and will be spreaded in some instances.

引文

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    (15) RFC2865: Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
    (16) RFC2866: RADIUS Accounting
    (17) RFC1661: The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
    (18) RFC1777: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
    (19) RFC1778: The String Representation of Standard Attribute Syntaxes
    (20) RFC2251: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3)
    (21) RFC2252: LDAPv3: Attribute Syntax Definitions
    (22) RFC2829: Authentication Methods for LDAP
    (23) RFC1156: Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets
    (24) RFC1157: A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
    
    
    (25) RFC1213: Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets:MIB-Ⅱ
    (26) RFC1450: Management Information Base for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMPv2)
    (27) RFC2571: An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks
    (28) RFC2576: Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework
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