光纤乙炔气体传感器的研究
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摘要
随着世界经济的发展，环境污染日趋严重，环境保护已经成为各国主要研
究课题。因此，近年来气体浓度检测仪成为各国传感技术领域研究的热点和重
点。本课题就是基于保护环境的目的，利用近红外光谱吸收理论，研究大气污
染监测仪器。它在环境监测、电力系统、油田矿井等场合有着广泛的应用前景。
由于光纤传感器本身具有的优点，使得红外光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器成
为气体浓度检测的主流方向。本文通过对以往研究成果的综合和分析，指出了
造成气体浓度检测灵敏度和精度不高的主要原因，提出了单谱全宽调制技术并
论证了其可行性。在深刻分析乙炔光谱精细吸收谱线线型、位置和线宽的基础
上，利用压电陶瓷的电致伸缩效应，对光纤光栅的中心波长进行调制，选择乙
炔气体在石英光纤低损耗传输区域的最大吸收峰进行单谱线全宽扫描。通过检
测光纤光栅反射谱光强和透射谱光强，并把两者进行比值运算，以消除光源波
动的影响。在微弱信号检测电路设计上，采用锁定放大器提取二次谐波，检测
一次谐波和二次谐波的比值，可以得到气体浓度。
本系统主要的创新点如下：1、提出单谱全宽调制的概念、理论依据和实现
方法；2、首次提出利用光纤光栅的反射谱作为信号通道和透射谱作为参考通道
的光强比值作为检测方法；3、通过分析单谱全宽调制，提出二次谐波检测理论
以及相应的锁定放大技术。
在本课题的研究中，侧重于气体检测理论分析、方案设计和可行性分析。
设计了光路、电路，并进行了部分相关实验。通过资料查阅、理论分析和系统
模型设计等工作，作者认识到：光纤气体浓度检测，涉及到的理论是多学科的，
有着很深的内涵，要设计一个好的气体检测系统，还有很多实际要做的工作。
本论文就是给出了这样一个基本的乙炔气体浓度检测系统的基本模型，为今后
高性能光纤气体传感器的研究和研制打下坚实的理论基础和提供积极的参考价
值。
With the development of global economy, environment pollution has been
increasingly serious. Therefore environment protection is the major research project
all over the world. It is worth to mention that the study on instrumentation for gas
concentration detection has been research focus in sensor technology field among
many nations. Based on environment protection, the present graduate project makes
use of existent theories and instrumentation facilities to develop monitoring sensor for
atmospheric pollution. This monitoring sensor has widespread application prospect in
environment monitoring, power system, oil and mine fields.
Because of intrinsic advantages of optical fiber sensor, spectrum absorption
optical fiber sensor has been the mainstream of gas concentration detection. By means
of comprehension and analysis of former research achievements, the present paper
presents the main reason for not high sensibility and precision of gas concentration
detection and advances single-spectrum full-width modulation technology. It means
that, based on the thorough analysis of the fine line type, position and correspondent
line width of spectrum, sinusoidal modulation voltage is employed on piezoelectricity
ceramic. With piezoelectric converse effect of piezoelectricity ceramic, the center
wavelength of optical fiber grating can be modulated. The maximum peak value of
C2H2 at low-loss transmission area of quartz optical fiber can be selected to conduct
single-spectrum full-width scan. Meanwhile reflection spectrum intensity and
transmission spectrum intensity of optical fiber grating are detected simultaneously.
Thus the negative effect of illuminant vibration can be eliminated by their ratio. In the
circuit design for weak signal detection, the lock-in amplifier is employed to extract
quadratic harmonic. Through the ratio of linear harmonic and quadratic harmonic, the
gas concentration can be measured.
The present graduate project has multitude innovations as following: 1. The
conception, theoretic foundation and implementation method of single-spectrum full-
width modulation is advanced. 2. For the first time presented is the detection approach
-U-
Abstract
of light intensity ratio of reflection spectrum from signal channel and transmission
spectrum from reference channel of optical fiber grating. 3. The detection theory of
quadratic harmonic and its correspondent lock-in amplifier technology are
propounded by means of single-spectrum full-width modulation.
During the development of this project, the author has been mainly engaged in
the task of theoretic research, scheme design and feasibility analysis for gas
concentration detection. Implementation of detection circuit and experiment of
theoretic demonstration are achievements of the whole research group. The author has
assisted the research group leader to complete many positive assignments. From the
starting involvement to material finding and system model design, the author holds an
opinion that optical fiber gas concentration detection relates to multidisciplinary
knowledge. In order to develop a better detection system, there are still a lot of
practical works to accomplish. The present paper advances the basic system model of
C2H2 concentration detection. It has played a solid foundation and provided a valuable
reference for the research of high-performance optical fiber gas sensor in the future.
究课题。因此，近年来气体浓度检测仪成为各国传感技术领域研究的热点和重
点。本课题就是基于保护环境的目的，利用近红外光谱吸收理论，研究大气污
染监测仪器。它在环境监测、电力系统、油田矿井等场合有着广泛的应用前景。
由于光纤传感器本身具有的优点，使得红外光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器成
为气体浓度检测的主流方向。本文通过对以往研究成果的综合和分析，指出了
造成气体浓度检测灵敏度和精度不高的主要原因，提出了单谱全宽调制技术并
论证了其可行性。在深刻分析乙炔光谱精细吸收谱线线型、位置和线宽的基础
上，利用压电陶瓷的电致伸缩效应，对光纤光栅的中心波长进行调制，选择乙
炔气体在石英光纤低损耗传输区域的最大吸收峰进行单谱线全宽扫描。通过检
测光纤光栅反射谱光强和透射谱光强，并把两者进行比值运算，以消除光源波
动的影响。在微弱信号检测电路设计上，采用锁定放大器提取二次谐波，检测
一次谐波和二次谐波的比值，可以得到气体浓度。
本系统主要的创新点如下：1、提出单谱全宽调制的概念、理论依据和实现
方法；2、首次提出利用光纤光栅的反射谱作为信号通道和透射谱作为参考通道
的光强比值作为检测方法；3、通过分析单谱全宽调制，提出二次谐波检测理论
以及相应的锁定放大技术。
在本课题的研究中，侧重于气体检测理论分析、方案设计和可行性分析。
设计了光路、电路，并进行了部分相关实验。通过资料查阅、理论分析和系统
模型设计等工作，作者认识到：光纤气体浓度检测，涉及到的理论是多学科的，
有着很深的内涵，要设计一个好的气体检测系统，还有很多实际要做的工作。
本论文就是给出了这样一个基本的乙炔气体浓度检测系统的基本模型，为今后
高性能光纤气体传感器的研究和研制打下坚实的理论基础和提供积极的参考价
值。
With the development of global economy, environment pollution has been
increasingly serious. Therefore environment protection is the major research project
all over the world. It is worth to mention that the study on instrumentation for gas
concentration detection has been research focus in sensor technology field among
many nations. Based on environment protection, the present graduate project makes
use of existent theories and instrumentation facilities to develop monitoring sensor for
atmospheric pollution. This monitoring sensor has widespread application prospect in
environment monitoring, power system, oil and mine fields.
Because of intrinsic advantages of optical fiber sensor, spectrum absorption
optical fiber sensor has been the mainstream of gas concentration detection. By means
of comprehension and analysis of former research achievements, the present paper
presents the main reason for not high sensibility and precision of gas concentration
detection and advances single-spectrum full-width modulation technology. It means
that, based on the thorough analysis of the fine line type, position and correspondent
line width of spectrum, sinusoidal modulation voltage is employed on piezoelectricity
ceramic. With piezoelectric converse effect of piezoelectricity ceramic, the center
wavelength of optical fiber grating can be modulated. The maximum peak value of
C2H2 at low-loss transmission area of quartz optical fiber can be selected to conduct
single-spectrum full-width scan. Meanwhile reflection spectrum intensity and
transmission spectrum intensity of optical fiber grating are detected simultaneously.
Thus the negative effect of illuminant vibration can be eliminated by their ratio. In the
circuit design for weak signal detection, the lock-in amplifier is employed to extract
quadratic harmonic. Through the ratio of linear harmonic and quadratic harmonic, the
gas concentration can be measured.
The present graduate project has multitude innovations as following: 1. The
conception, theoretic foundation and implementation method of single-spectrum full-
width modulation is advanced. 2. For the first time presented is the detection approach
-U-
Abstract
of light intensity ratio of reflection spectrum from signal channel and transmission
spectrum from reference channel of optical fiber grating. 3. The detection theory of
quadratic harmonic and its correspondent lock-in amplifier technology are
propounded by means of single-spectrum full-width modulation.
During the development of this project, the author has been mainly engaged in
the task of theoretic research, scheme design and feasibility analysis for gas
concentration detection. Implementation of detection circuit and experiment of
theoretic demonstration are achievements of the whole research group. The author has
assisted the research group leader to complete many positive assignments. From the
starting involvement to material finding and system model design, the author holds an
opinion that optical fiber gas concentration detection relates to multidisciplinary
knowledge. In order to develop a better detection system, there are still a lot of
practical works to accomplish. The present paper advances the basic system model of
C2H2 concentration detection. It has played a solid foundation and provided a valuable
reference for the research of high-performance optical fiber gas sensor in the future.
引文
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12 Inabat H. Optical remote sensing of environmental pollution and danger by molecular species using low-loss optical fiber network system, Optical and Laser Remote Sensing, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York. 1993, 288～298
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2 陈晓燕，吴静．现代光纤传感器技术．光纤光缆传输技术．1998，(3)：14～36
3 刘迎春，叶湘滨．现代新型传感器原理与应用．国防工业出版社．1998
4 Dakin J.P., Wade C.A., Pinchbeck D. and Wykes J.S. A Novel optical fiber methane sensor. Proc. SPIE, 734.1987, 187～190
5 Jin W., Stewart G.., Culshaw B., Murry S. and Pinchbeck D. Absorption measurement of methane gas using a broad light source and interferometric signal processing. Optics Letters. 1993, 18(16)
6 Inabat H, Kobayasi T, Hirama M. Optical-fibre network system for air-pollution monitoring over a wide area by optical absorption method. Electronics Letters. 1979, 23:749～751
7 Hordvik A, Berg A, Thingb D. A fiber optic gas detection system. ECOC83 Geneva. 1983:317～320
8 Chan K, Ito H, Inabat H. Optical remote monitoring of CH_4 gas using low-loss optical fiber link and InGaAsp light emitting diode in 1.33 μ m region. Appl Phys Lett. 1983, 43(7):634～637
9 Stuart A.D. Optrode sensors for carbon monoxide. Proc. 15th Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, Hobart, Australian, Dec 1991, 215: 14～19
10 Tai H., Yamamoto K., Uchida M., Osawa S., and Uehara K. Long -distance simultaneous detection of methane and acetylene by using diode lasers coupled with optical fibers. IEEE photonics Technology Letters. 1992, 4(7):804～807
11 Uehara K. and Tai H. Remote detection of methane with a 1.66m diode laser, Applied optics. 1992, 31(6):809～814
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