脱绒棉种色选机检测系统设计与实现
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摘要
新疆生产建设兵团是我国棉花主要产区,也是精量播种技术的重要推广示范区。但是,近年来,由于新疆地理环境、气候条件、栽培管理条件和自然灾害等因素的影响,加上棉种扩繁加快、田管跟不上,虽然棉花可以正常的开花、收获,但是棉种的成熟度明显降低,特别是后期收获后棉种毛籽中的“红种”平均在20%—30%,严重影响了棉种的质量,发芽率明显降低。目前剔除“红种”的主要手段是人工选种,人工选种劳动强度大、生产效率低、投入成本高、且选种效果在一定程度上受人为因素的影响,选种质量不均匀。现在较大的种子加工厂采用色选机进行分选,效果显著。对于整台色选机而言,检测系统是其中的核心系统,它直接影响着色选机的色选精度。基于此,论文对脱绒棉种色选机的检测系统进行了设计,从而为整台色选机的研制奠定基础。
文章首先介绍了国内外色选机的发展状况,以及分析了新疆现有色选机的情况。通过对比国内外色选机检测系统的优缺点及对当前主要检测技术的分析,提出使用DSP数字信号处理器作为CPU及线阵CCD传感器来组建整套检测系统。在第二章中,论文对反映脱绒棉种质量的两个重要指标发芽势和发芽率与其电信号之间的相关性进行了分析,得出脱绒棉种质量与其颜色电测信号特征有显著的相关性,为脱绒棉种色选机检测系统的设计提了理论基础,
在文章的第三章中,对构成检测系统的重要子系统——光学系统,进行了详细的设计,提出采用柯拉照明系统以及与之相配合的物方远心光路作为光学系统的光路,并搭建了整套光学系统。最终利用此系统对棉种的电信号进行了测定。测定表明:利用此光学系统可以测得棉种清晰的电信号。论文在第四章中介绍了CCD的基本结构、原理和基本参数,确定了本系统中选用的线阵CCD型号,并且介绍了选用的线阵CCD图像传感器TCD1501D的参数,比较了现有CCD驱动电路的优缺点。根据选用的CCD参数设计了其驱动电路,并给出电路图且进行了仿真。最后利用此传感器与上一章设计的光学系统结合,获得了清晰的棉种电信号。接着文章对检测系统中另一部分即基于DSP的信号采集与处理,从硬件的选型、硬件之间的搭配、部分外围电路的设计及整套系统的搭建到软件的实现均进行了较为详细的介绍。
最后,针对加工环境下,可能导致检测系统不能长期稳定可靠运行的干扰因素进行了分析研究,同时采取了相应的抗干扰措施来抑制加工环境下各种干扰对系统的影响,确保系统长期可靠运行。
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is main area which yields cotton in china. It also is a important generalization and demonstration area for the precision seeding technology. But, in current years, because cotton are influenced by some factors,for example, geographical condition, climatic conditions, cultivation and management conditions and natural disasters, plus cotton multiplication speeding up, unable to keep up with the land management. Although the cotton can be normally abloom, harvest, but the maturity of cottonseeds is obviously declined, especially the averagely proportion of the redseeds in post-harvest cottonseeds is 20 percent to 30 percent. It seriously affects the quality of the cottonseeds and germination rate declined significantly. Now, primary means of sorting redseeds is artificial selection. artificial selection has many unfavorable factors, such as labour-intensive, low productivity, high input costs, human factors and uneven selection quality. the greater cottonseeds processing plants have used the color sorter for sorting, and the effect is very good. For the entire color sorter, the detection system is one of the core systems, it has a direct impact on the accuracy of the color sorter. Baseing on this, the detection system has been designed in this paper, so as to lay the foundation for developing the entire color sorter.
The paper first introduces the development of the color sorter at home and abroad, as well as analysed the color sorter’situation in Xinjiang. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and international color sorter’detection system ,as well as analysing current main detection technology,the paper put forward to set up the entire detection system by the use of digital signal processors DSP as the CPU and linear CCD sensors. In the paper, the second chapter comes to the conclusion that cottonseeds’quality and their color voltage signal has significant correlation by analysing the correlation about the germination trend and germination rate which are two important Indicators for reflecting cotton seeds’quality,and their voltage signal. It makes our system development have fully theoretical foundation.
In the paper, the third chapter detailedly designs optical system which is detection system important subsystem. The paper put forward that light path of the optical system adopts Kela lighting system and far-haert light path matching with it, and set up the entire optical system. Finally, we mensurates the voltage signals of cottonseeds by using the optical system. The result shows that the clear voltage signals can be measured by using it. The third chapter introduces CCD’basal structure , principle and parameters, decides the type of linear CCD and introduces TCD1501D’parameters, compares the good and bad on CCD drive circuit. The paper designs the drive circuit basing on parameters of choosed linear CCD and designs circuit and emulates. Finally,The system get clear cotton seeds voltage signals by connecting CCD and optical system. Then, the paper detailedly introduced the DSP-based signal acquisition and processing system which is another part in the detection system. The paper introduces it,including selection of hardware, compatible with hardwares, some external circuit design, building the entire system and implementation of the software .
Finally, the paper analyzes and researches the interfering factors which may lead to detection system can not long-term, stable and reliable operation aiming at processing environment, and the paper takes the corresponding anti-jamming measures to curb various interfering factors’influence under the processing environment to ensure the system long-term reliable operation.
文章首先介绍了国内外色选机的发展状况,以及分析了新疆现有色选机的情况。通过对比国内外色选机检测系统的优缺点及对当前主要检测技术的分析,提出使用DSP数字信号处理器作为CPU及线阵CCD传感器来组建整套检测系统。在第二章中,论文对反映脱绒棉种质量的两个重要指标发芽势和发芽率与其电信号之间的相关性进行了分析,得出脱绒棉种质量与其颜色电测信号特征有显著的相关性,为脱绒棉种色选机检测系统的设计提了理论基础,
在文章的第三章中,对构成检测系统的重要子系统——光学系统,进行了详细的设计,提出采用柯拉照明系统以及与之相配合的物方远心光路作为光学系统的光路,并搭建了整套光学系统。最终利用此系统对棉种的电信号进行了测定。测定表明:利用此光学系统可以测得棉种清晰的电信号。论文在第四章中介绍了CCD的基本结构、原理和基本参数,确定了本系统中选用的线阵CCD型号,并且介绍了选用的线阵CCD图像传感器TCD1501D的参数,比较了现有CCD驱动电路的优缺点。根据选用的CCD参数设计了其驱动电路,并给出电路图且进行了仿真。最后利用此传感器与上一章设计的光学系统结合,获得了清晰的棉种电信号。接着文章对检测系统中另一部分即基于DSP的信号采集与处理,从硬件的选型、硬件之间的搭配、部分外围电路的设计及整套系统的搭建到软件的实现均进行了较为详细的介绍。
最后,针对加工环境下,可能导致检测系统不能长期稳定可靠运行的干扰因素进行了分析研究,同时采取了相应的抗干扰措施来抑制加工环境下各种干扰对系统的影响,确保系统长期可靠运行。
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is main area which yields cotton in china. It also is a important generalization and demonstration area for the precision seeding technology. But, in current years, because cotton are influenced by some factors,for example, geographical condition, climatic conditions, cultivation and management conditions and natural disasters, plus cotton multiplication speeding up, unable to keep up with the land management. Although the cotton can be normally abloom, harvest, but the maturity of cottonseeds is obviously declined, especially the averagely proportion of the redseeds in post-harvest cottonseeds is 20 percent to 30 percent. It seriously affects the quality of the cottonseeds and germination rate declined significantly. Now, primary means of sorting redseeds is artificial selection. artificial selection has many unfavorable factors, such as labour-intensive, low productivity, high input costs, human factors and uneven selection quality. the greater cottonseeds processing plants have used the color sorter for sorting, and the effect is very good. For the entire color sorter, the detection system is one of the core systems, it has a direct impact on the accuracy of the color sorter. Baseing on this, the detection system has been designed in this paper, so as to lay the foundation for developing the entire color sorter.
The paper first introduces the development of the color sorter at home and abroad, as well as analysed the color sorter’situation in Xinjiang. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and international color sorter’detection system ,as well as analysing current main detection technology,the paper put forward to set up the entire detection system by the use of digital signal processors DSP as the CPU and linear CCD sensors. In the paper, the second chapter comes to the conclusion that cottonseeds’quality and their color voltage signal has significant correlation by analysing the correlation about the germination trend and germination rate which are two important Indicators for reflecting cotton seeds’quality,and their voltage signal. It makes our system development have fully theoretical foundation.
In the paper, the third chapter detailedly designs optical system which is detection system important subsystem. The paper put forward that light path of the optical system adopts Kela lighting system and far-haert light path matching with it, and set up the entire optical system. Finally, we mensurates the voltage signals of cottonseeds by using the optical system. The result shows that the clear voltage signals can be measured by using it. The third chapter introduces CCD’basal structure , principle and parameters, decides the type of linear CCD and introduces TCD1501D’parameters, compares the good and bad on CCD drive circuit. The paper designs the drive circuit basing on parameters of choosed linear CCD and designs circuit and emulates. Finally,The system get clear cotton seeds voltage signals by connecting CCD and optical system. Then, the paper detailedly introduced the DSP-based signal acquisition and processing system which is another part in the detection system. The paper introduces it,including selection of hardware, compatible with hardwares, some external circuit design, building the entire system and implementation of the software .
Finally, the paper analyzes and researches the interfering factors which may lead to detection system can not long-term, stable and reliable operation aiming at processing environment, and the paper takes the corresponding anti-jamming measures to curb various interfering factors’influence under the processing environment to ensure the system long-term reliable operation.
引文
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[2] 李江波,坎杂,张若宇等. 脱绒棉种色选机常用检测元件对比分析[J].新疆农机化,2007,(1):43-44.
[3] 李彦林. 棉种色选机在棉种加工中的应用[J]. 新疆农机化,2005,(3),25.
[4] 坎杂,李景彬,江英兰等. 5MZX-96 脱绒棉种色选机的研究[J]. 石河子大学学报,2005(6):749-751.
[5] 李景彬. 棉种色选装置的光电系统研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2006.
[6] 张若宇. 基于 RGB 颜色模型脱绒棉种分选控制系统设计研究:[硕士学位论文]. 石河子:石河子大学,2007.
[7] 蔡卫国. 种子精选分级试验台机构与控制方法研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[8] 王志健,王勤海. 关于色选机性能与质量的评价[J]. 西部粮油科技,2003(2):12-14.
[9] 李江波,坎杂,张若宇等. 光电色选机介绍[J]. 农业技术与设备,2007(12):24-26.
[10] 李素梅. 如何正确认识白米色选机[J]. 粮食与饲料工业,2002(7):12-14.
[11] 刘静茹. 光电分选控制系统设计与实现[D]. 大连市:大连理工大学,2006.
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