滇西南怒江断裂带第四纪以来的构造活动性
摘要
活动断裂是现代构造活动的重要表现,它与地震的发生有着密切的联系,反映了现今或最新地质时期地壳变形和运动特点。对活动断裂的活动时代、运动特征、滑动速率、断裂的分段及其长度与同震位移等问题基本定量参数的的研究,是认识现代岩石圈板块运动和板内构造变形的重要窗口。
滇西怒江断裂带作为青藏高原东部边缘的一条大型陆内走滑断裂带,其形成、演化与青藏高原的隆升有着密不可分的联系。因此对于怒江断裂带的构造活动性的研究,有助于了解青藏高原的形成和演化过程,对揭示青藏高原东向挤出或逃逸过程的运动形式和机制,反演印度和欧亚大陆相互作用过程等问题都具有重要的意义。本文以滇西怒江断裂带南段发育的断陷盆地为研究重点,以活动断裂的发现为线索,着重以控盆断裂为研究对象,并结合地貌现象,来研究怒江断裂第四纪以来的构造活动性问题。进而来揭示它们在青藏高原东向挤出和印支块体向东南逃逸过程中所扮演的角色。研究取得的主要认识如下:
1、滇西境内怒江断裂带在道街北分为东西两支:怒江东支断裂和怒江西支断裂。西支断裂在11~14Ma时由于受到印支块体的东南逃逸所引起的块体旋转作用,在断裂尾端发生弯曲并造成构造转换,走向由近南北向转为南西向,并延伸至缅甸,形成现今人们通常认为的龙陵-瑞丽断裂带,同时使得高黎贡山脉的山体两侧发育伸展构造,造成山体高度的下降。该区的伸展构造作用具有由南向北逐渐发展的趋势。东支基本保持原有延伸方向,向南延伸与畹町断裂交汇。
2、研究区处于滇西南块体顺时针旋转的内部,根据对该区域地球动力学的研究,认为滇西南大部分地区的现代构造应力场以SN向挤压、EW向拉张为主要特征,应力结构以走滑型为主。应力场方向与前人研究结果基本一致。
3、通过对怒江东支断裂的活动性的研究,发现由东支断裂控制影响的道街盆地和镇安盆地在晚更新世以来具有活动的迹象。从怒江流域道街段河流阶地特征可以推断出该区自晚更新世以来的平均抬升速率为2.43mm/a。而通过对东支断裂其它段的研究,认为它的主要活动时代在早-中更新世时期。块体的顺时针旋转对怒江断裂带局部部位具有影响。
4、怒江西支断裂带北东走向段由于受到块体的旋转作用,断裂性质由右旋走滑转为左旋走滑,以协调块体的顺时针旋转。
5、通过研究,认为怒江西支断裂北东走向段的最新活动时代为晚更新世以来。该段活动时代比怒江断裂带近南北走向段的活动时代新。
Active faults is one kind of displays of recent tectonic activity, and is closely related to the earthquake occurrence. the activities reflect features of crustal deformation and movement in the recent or the latest geological time. The fundamental quantitative parameters, provided by active tectonic researches, which include active history, movement feature, slip rate, fault segmentation and segment length and co-seismic displacement. will offer an important window for us to understand the geodynamics of lithosphere, the recent plate movement and intra-plate deformations. Nujiang fault of the western Yunnan is a large inner continental strike-slip fault in eastern Tibetan margin. It is closely related to uplift of the Tibetan plateau. Therefore, the studies of tectonics activity of Nujiang fault contribute to understand the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau, to reveal the movement form and mechanism of eastern extrusion or escape of Tibetan plateau, to reflect interaction process of Indian and Eurasian plate.
Based on background of development of rift basins, clue of finding out active fault, study subject of fault controlled basin, and Combined with the phenomenon of Geomorphology, the thesis investigates tectonic activity of Nujiang Fault during Quaternary. The role in the eastern extrusion of Tibetan plateau and Eastsouthern escape of Indian plate. The main contents of work are summarized as blew:
1.Nujiang Fault within the borders is obviously divided into east branch and west branch of Nujiang fault of in the Nouth of Daojie. The ends of Nujiang fault, believed to Longling-Ruili fault, bended, caused trending transformation from South-North into Southwest, which resulted in development of extensional tectonics in the both sides of Gaoligongshan, extended to Myanmar, because of circumgyrate resulted from ES-trending escape of Indian plate during 11~14Ma. Extensional tectonics had a development trend from south to north.
2.Study region is located in the Southwest Yunnan Block right-laterally circumgyrating. Through study of regional geodynamics, it is obtained that modern tectonic stress field is characteristic of SN-direction compression and EW-direction extension, stress structure is main strike-slip. Orientation of stress field is basically in accordance with the former study results.
3.Through research about activity of East branch of Nujiang fault, it was found that Daojie Basin and Zhen’an Basin, controlled East branch of Nujiang fault, had new activity since late Pleistocene. River terraces in the Daojie section of Nujiang drainage area show that mean uplift rate is 2.43mm/a since late Pleistocene. Study of East branch of Nujiang fault through other method indicates that the newest activity occurred during Early and Middle Pleistocene. The phenomenon reflects that right-lateral block circumgyrate had influence on the section of Nujiang fault, and resulted in activity of the fault.
4.Northeast trending Longling-Ruili fault, turning Point of West branch of Nujiang fault, transformed from right-lateral into left-lateral strike-slip, which assort with plate right-lateral circumgyrate of plate.
5.Researth indicates that newest activity of Longling-Ruili fault occurred at after late Pleistocene. The age is younger than South-North section of Nujiang fault。
滇西怒江断裂带作为青藏高原东部边缘的一条大型陆内走滑断裂带,其形成、演化与青藏高原的隆升有着密不可分的联系。因此对于怒江断裂带的构造活动性的研究,有助于了解青藏高原的形成和演化过程,对揭示青藏高原东向挤出或逃逸过程的运动形式和机制,反演印度和欧亚大陆相互作用过程等问题都具有重要的意义。本文以滇西怒江断裂带南段发育的断陷盆地为研究重点,以活动断裂的发现为线索,着重以控盆断裂为研究对象,并结合地貌现象,来研究怒江断裂第四纪以来的构造活动性问题。进而来揭示它们在青藏高原东向挤出和印支块体向东南逃逸过程中所扮演的角色。研究取得的主要认识如下:
1、滇西境内怒江断裂带在道街北分为东西两支:怒江东支断裂和怒江西支断裂。西支断裂在11~14Ma时由于受到印支块体的东南逃逸所引起的块体旋转作用,在断裂尾端发生弯曲并造成构造转换,走向由近南北向转为南西向,并延伸至缅甸,形成现今人们通常认为的龙陵-瑞丽断裂带,同时使得高黎贡山脉的山体两侧发育伸展构造,造成山体高度的下降。该区的伸展构造作用具有由南向北逐渐发展的趋势。东支基本保持原有延伸方向,向南延伸与畹町断裂交汇。
2、研究区处于滇西南块体顺时针旋转的内部,根据对该区域地球动力学的研究,认为滇西南大部分地区的现代构造应力场以SN向挤压、EW向拉张为主要特征,应力结构以走滑型为主。应力场方向与前人研究结果基本一致。
3、通过对怒江东支断裂的活动性的研究,发现由东支断裂控制影响的道街盆地和镇安盆地在晚更新世以来具有活动的迹象。从怒江流域道街段河流阶地特征可以推断出该区自晚更新世以来的平均抬升速率为2.43mm/a。而通过对东支断裂其它段的研究,认为它的主要活动时代在早-中更新世时期。块体的顺时针旋转对怒江断裂带局部部位具有影响。
4、怒江西支断裂带北东走向段由于受到块体的旋转作用,断裂性质由右旋走滑转为左旋走滑,以协调块体的顺时针旋转。
5、通过研究,认为怒江西支断裂北东走向段的最新活动时代为晚更新世以来。该段活动时代比怒江断裂带近南北走向段的活动时代新。
Active faults is one kind of displays of recent tectonic activity, and is closely related to the earthquake occurrence. the activities reflect features of crustal deformation and movement in the recent or the latest geological time. The fundamental quantitative parameters, provided by active tectonic researches, which include active history, movement feature, slip rate, fault segmentation and segment length and co-seismic displacement. will offer an important window for us to understand the geodynamics of lithosphere, the recent plate movement and intra-plate deformations. Nujiang fault of the western Yunnan is a large inner continental strike-slip fault in eastern Tibetan margin. It is closely related to uplift of the Tibetan plateau. Therefore, the studies of tectonics activity of Nujiang fault contribute to understand the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau, to reveal the movement form and mechanism of eastern extrusion or escape of Tibetan plateau, to reflect interaction process of Indian and Eurasian plate.
Based on background of development of rift basins, clue of finding out active fault, study subject of fault controlled basin, and Combined with the phenomenon of Geomorphology, the thesis investigates tectonic activity of Nujiang Fault during Quaternary. The role in the eastern extrusion of Tibetan plateau and Eastsouthern escape of Indian plate. The main contents of work are summarized as blew:
1.Nujiang Fault within the borders is obviously divided into east branch and west branch of Nujiang fault of in the Nouth of Daojie. The ends of Nujiang fault, believed to Longling-Ruili fault, bended, caused trending transformation from South-North into Southwest, which resulted in development of extensional tectonics in the both sides of Gaoligongshan, extended to Myanmar, because of circumgyrate resulted from ES-trending escape of Indian plate during 11~14Ma. Extensional tectonics had a development trend from south to north.
2.Study region is located in the Southwest Yunnan Block right-laterally circumgyrating. Through study of regional geodynamics, it is obtained that modern tectonic stress field is characteristic of SN-direction compression and EW-direction extension, stress structure is main strike-slip. Orientation of stress field is basically in accordance with the former study results.
3.Through research about activity of East branch of Nujiang fault, it was found that Daojie Basin and Zhen’an Basin, controlled East branch of Nujiang fault, had new activity since late Pleistocene. River terraces in the Daojie section of Nujiang drainage area show that mean uplift rate is 2.43mm/a since late Pleistocene. Study of East branch of Nujiang fault through other method indicates that the newest activity occurred during Early and Middle Pleistocene. The phenomenon reflects that right-lateral block circumgyrate had influence on the section of Nujiang fault, and resulted in activity of the fault.
4.Northeast trending Longling-Ruili fault, turning Point of West branch of Nujiang fault, transformed from right-lateral into left-lateral strike-slip, which assort with plate right-lateral circumgyrate of plate.
5.Researth indicates that newest activity of Longling-Ruili fault occurred at after late Pleistocene. The age is younger than South-North section of Nujiang fault。
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