哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的现状、问题及策略
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摘要
随着经济全球化的发展和我国改革开放的深入,社会需要越来越多的双语人才。在当前双语教育已成为新疆民族教育热点问题的情况下,新疆伊犁州哈萨克族中学开展以哈汉两种语言为媒介的化学双语教学,以培养双语人才有着重大的现实意义。为了了解伊犁哈萨克族化学双语教学的实施情况及其效果,本文对新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州一所实施化学双语教学的哈萨克族中学进行了个案研究。
通过文献研究、访谈、课堂观察、问卷调查、资料分析等方式,对该校化学双语教学的课程设置、实施过程、教学效果进行了深人的了解和研究。
本文共包括四个部分,每部分的内容如下:
第一章,研究背景及问题的提出,介绍了基本概念、双语教学研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状分析、伊犁州直属县市哈族中小学双语教育的历史和现状以及问题的提出;
第二章,伊犁州直第一中学实施化学双语教学的个案研究,介绍了学校概况、双语教学的基本情况、研究的方法、研究的内容及结果;
第三章,伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学存在问题分析,介绍了学生因素分析、教师因素分析、课堂教学策略因素分析、教材分析、管理与评价体系分析;
第四章,伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的策略,介绍了加强教师的培养、转变教学观念、加强教材的编写工作、采取多元评价方式等策略;
本文为伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的顺利进行,为帮助在伊犁州哈萨克族中学实施真正意义上的化学双语教学,结合伊犁州哈萨克族学校的实际情况,针对性地提出了教师、课堂教学、教材、评价管理等符合伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的建议。
With the development of globalization and the further reform and opening to the out-side world in our country, more and more bilinguals are needed. Nowadays bilingual education has became the main focus of Xinjiang nationality education, and under this circumstance, it is very popular to teach chemistry in Kazakh and Chinese in middle Kazakh school of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. It is very important to train the students to master the bilingual. In order to understand the implementation and the effect in Yili Kazakh chemistry bilingual education, this paper conducts the case research of the implementation of the chemistry bilingual teaching towards one Kazakh middle school in Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous.
Through the analysis of the literature review, interview, classroom observation, questionnaire and the analysis of material in this school's chemistry bilingual teaching curriculum, the implementation process, the teaching effect, the paper has made a further understanding and research on the chemistry bilingual teaching in this middle school.
This paper includes totally four parts, the simple introduction of each part is as follows: the first chapter is about the research background and the questions proposed, introducing the basic concept,the bilingual teaching research goal and the significance, the domestic and foreign research present situation analysis,the bilingual teaching history and present situation in the Kazakh elementary and middle schools in Yili Prefecture subordinate county city.The second chapter is about the case research about the implements of the bilingual chemistry teaching in the First Middle School of Yili Prefecture as well as the school's survey,the bilingual education basic situation, the research method, the research content and the results; in the third chapter, the writer of this paper talks about the proplems existing in the chemistry bilingual teaching in this school, in terms of the analyses of the student factor, the teacher factor, the classroom instruction strategy factor, the teaching material , the management and the appraisal system; the fourth chapter is about the middle school chemistry bilingual education strategy, introducing the training of the teachers and the change of their idea, enhancing the compiling work of teaching materials, strategies adopted and the multi-dimensional appraisal ways.
This paper proposes practical suggestions for the Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school chemistry bilingual education. It helps the implementation in the true sense of chemistry bilingual teaching in Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school according to the practical situation in Yili Prefecture Kazakh school, and it also gives suggestions for the teachesr, the classroom instruction, the teaching material, the appraisal management and so on the conforms in Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school's chemistry bilingual education.
通过文献研究、访谈、课堂观察、问卷调查、资料分析等方式,对该校化学双语教学的课程设置、实施过程、教学效果进行了深人的了解和研究。
本文共包括四个部分,每部分的内容如下:
第一章,研究背景及问题的提出,介绍了基本概念、双语教学研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状分析、伊犁州直属县市哈族中小学双语教育的历史和现状以及问题的提出;
第二章,伊犁州直第一中学实施化学双语教学的个案研究,介绍了学校概况、双语教学的基本情况、研究的方法、研究的内容及结果;
第三章,伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学存在问题分析,介绍了学生因素分析、教师因素分析、课堂教学策略因素分析、教材分析、管理与评价体系分析;
第四章,伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的策略,介绍了加强教师的培养、转变教学观念、加强教材的编写工作、采取多元评价方式等策略;
本文为伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的顺利进行,为帮助在伊犁州哈萨克族中学实施真正意义上的化学双语教学,结合伊犁州哈萨克族学校的实际情况,针对性地提出了教师、课堂教学、教材、评价管理等符合伊犁州哈萨克族中学化学双语教学的建议。
With the development of globalization and the further reform and opening to the out-side world in our country, more and more bilinguals are needed. Nowadays bilingual education has became the main focus of Xinjiang nationality education, and under this circumstance, it is very popular to teach chemistry in Kazakh and Chinese in middle Kazakh school of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. It is very important to train the students to master the bilingual. In order to understand the implementation and the effect in Yili Kazakh chemistry bilingual education, this paper conducts the case research of the implementation of the chemistry bilingual teaching towards one Kazakh middle school in Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous.
Through the analysis of the literature review, interview, classroom observation, questionnaire and the analysis of material in this school's chemistry bilingual teaching curriculum, the implementation process, the teaching effect, the paper has made a further understanding and research on the chemistry bilingual teaching in this middle school.
This paper includes totally four parts, the simple introduction of each part is as follows: the first chapter is about the research background and the questions proposed, introducing the basic concept,the bilingual teaching research goal and the significance, the domestic and foreign research present situation analysis,the bilingual teaching history and present situation in the Kazakh elementary and middle schools in Yili Prefecture subordinate county city.The second chapter is about the case research about the implements of the bilingual chemistry teaching in the First Middle School of Yili Prefecture as well as the school's survey,the bilingual education basic situation, the research method, the research content and the results; in the third chapter, the writer of this paper talks about the proplems existing in the chemistry bilingual teaching in this school, in terms of the analyses of the student factor, the teacher factor, the classroom instruction strategy factor, the teaching material , the management and the appraisal system; the fourth chapter is about the middle school chemistry bilingual education strategy, introducing the training of the teachers and the change of their idea, enhancing the compiling work of teaching materials, strategies adopted and the multi-dimensional appraisal ways.
This paper proposes practical suggestions for the Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school chemistry bilingual education. It helps the implementation in the true sense of chemistry bilingual teaching in Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school according to the practical situation in Yili Prefecture Kazakh school, and it also gives suggestions for the teachesr, the classroom instruction, the teaching material, the appraisal management and so on the conforms in Yili Prefecture Kazakh middle school's chemistry bilingual education.
引文
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[9]黄兰宁.学校双语课程[M].南宁:广西教育出版社,2004.9.
[11]黄行.双语教育中的学习迁移现象[C].见:朱崇先,王运新主编.双语教学与研究:第1辑.北京:中央民族大学出版社,1998.23-24.
[12]余强.双语教育的心理学基础[M].江苏教育出版社,2002.5.
[13]Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones.Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education[M].Philadelphia:Multilingual Matters Ltd 1998:587.
[14]Alba.N.Ambert.Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language[M].A.Research Handbook1988-1990.Kogan Page Ltd1991.
[15]藤星.文化变迁与双语教育——凉山彝族社区教育人类学的田野工作与文本撰述[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001.181.
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[19]伊犁哈萨克自治州统计局.伊犁哈萨克自治州统计年鉴[M],2002.2.
[20][21]武金峰.新疆高校民族预科教育研究[M].民族教育出版社,2004.175.
[22]戴庆厦,董艳.中国少数民族双语教育的历史沿革[J].民族教育研究,1996(4).
[23][24][31]夏铸.中国民族教育50年[M].北京:红旗出版社,1999.123-124、135.
[25]阿不拉艾买提.关注双语教育,实现“民汉兼通”[N].新疆教育报,2003-3-15(3).
[26][29]辛教文.我区少数民族教育事业取得长足发展[N].新疆教育报,2002-10-26(1).
[27][28]马文华,新疆教育史稿[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,1998.233-234、236.
[30]艾力肯.伊犁日报,2006-1-27(2).
[32]乃西提.阿力甫斯别克.伊犁州一中——梦想的摇篮[M].奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,2005.25-28.
[33]皇家庆.新疆各民族教育改革与发展[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2002.206-227.
[34]阎立泽,韩庆奎,于清江.化学教学论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[35][36]姚梅林.学习规律[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,1999.13、13-14.
[37]钟启泉,崔允漷,张华.为了中华民族的复兴为了每位学生的发展:《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》解读[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2001.279.
[38]郑长龙.化学课程与教学论[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2005.131.
[39]钟启泉.“双语教学”之我见[J].全球教育展望,2003(2).
[40]姜宏德.论基础教育阶段的双语教育[J].中国教育学刊,2003(4).
[41]中华人民共和国教育部制定.全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.34-35.
[42]祝智庭,钟志坚.现代教育技术——促进多元智能发展[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.3.
[43][44][45]W.F.麦凯[加拿大],M.西格恩[西班牙].严正等译.双语教育概论[M].北京:光明日报出版社,1989.147、148.
[2]Miguel Siguan and William F Mackey.Educatian and Bilingualizim[M].Kogan page Ltd,1987:13.
[3]Torsten Husen and T Neville Postlethwalte.The Internatianal Encyclopedia of Educatian[M].Second Edition,Volumel,Elsevier Science Ltd,1994:531.
[4]严学窘.论双语制的合理性[C].见:中国少数民族双语教学研究会编.中国少数民族双语研究论集.北京:民族出版社,1990.11.
[5]卢丹怀.双语教育实质、有效性及不同的教学语言[J].全球教育展望,2004(2):59.
[6]朱浦.论上海中小学双语教学试验[J].课程.教材.教法,2003(6):55.
[7][10]哈经雄,滕星.民族教育学通论[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001.231、249.
[8]王斌华.双语教育与双语教学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003.4.
[9]黄兰宁.学校双语课程[M].南宁:广西教育出版社,2004.9.
[11]黄行.双语教育中的学习迁移现象[C].见:朱崇先,王运新主编.双语教学与研究:第1辑.北京:中央民族大学出版社,1998.23-24.
[12]余强.双语教育的心理学基础[M].江苏教育出版社,2002.5.
[13]Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones.Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education[M].Philadelphia:Multilingual Matters Ltd 1998:587.
[14]Alba.N.Ambert.Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language[M].A.Research Handbook1988-1990.Kogan Page Ltd1991.
[15]藤星.文化变迁与双语教育——凉山彝族社区教育人类学的田野工作与文本撰述[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001.181.
[16]皮文彬.中学双语教学的实践与思考[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:华东师范大学,2002.4.
[17]蔡永良.美国二十世纪末的“惟英语运动”[J].读书,2002(1):75-78.
[18]袁锐锷,李阳秀.论新加坡双语教育政策[J].外国教育研究,1999(4):50-53.
[19]伊犁哈萨克自治州统计局.伊犁哈萨克自治州统计年鉴[M],2002.2.
[20][21]武金峰.新疆高校民族预科教育研究[M].民族教育出版社,2004.175.
[22]戴庆厦,董艳.中国少数民族双语教育的历史沿革[J].民族教育研究,1996(4).
[23][24][31]夏铸.中国民族教育50年[M].北京:红旗出版社,1999.123-124、135.
[25]阿不拉艾买提.关注双语教育,实现“民汉兼通”[N].新疆教育报,2003-3-15(3).
[26][29]辛教文.我区少数民族教育事业取得长足发展[N].新疆教育报,2002-10-26(1).
[27][28]马文华,新疆教育史稿[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,1998.233-234、236.
[30]艾力肯.伊犁日报,2006-1-27(2).
[32]乃西提.阿力甫斯别克.伊犁州一中——梦想的摇篮[M].奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,2005.25-28.
[33]皇家庆.新疆各民族教育改革与发展[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2002.206-227.
[34]阎立泽,韩庆奎,于清江.化学教学论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[35][36]姚梅林.学习规律[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,1999.13、13-14.
[37]钟启泉,崔允漷,张华.为了中华民族的复兴为了每位学生的发展:《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》解读[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2001.279.
[38]郑长龙.化学课程与教学论[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2005.131.
[39]钟启泉.“双语教学”之我见[J].全球教育展望,2003(2).
[40]姜宏德.论基础教育阶段的双语教育[J].中国教育学刊,2003(4).
[41]中华人民共和国教育部制定.全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.34-35.
[42]祝智庭,钟志坚.现代教育技术——促进多元智能发展[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.3.
[43][44][45]W.F.麦凯[加拿大],M.西格恩[西班牙].严正等译.双语教育概论[M].北京:光明日报出版社,1989.147、148.
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