网络社会的政府治理
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摘要
网络的出现和迅速发展使人类开始进入真正的数字化时代,网络与人们的生活日益休戚相关,网络社会也由此形成。以网络技术为支撑的网络社会具有开放、虚拟、自由的特征,这些特性的存在给传统的价值观念、伦理规范、法律制度和政府治理都带来了严峻的挑战:传统价值观念被质疑甚至被摒弃,已有的伦理道德准则被弱化,法律的滞后性凸现,政府在网络治理方面的越位、错位、缺位现象频发。网络社会的巨大价值和失序危机使人们陷入二难选择。鉴于网络社会的现实需要和政府在社会治理中的独特地位,网络社会的政府治理问题显得急迫而具有特殊意义。完全管死或控制互联网,显然有悖常理和逻辑,它只能让我们离现代文明和社会进步越来越远。然而,舍此径又有何他途?本文从政府功能和网络社会的特性两方面论证了对网络社会进行治理的必要性、可能性和现实性,并提出了具体的治理的路径,进而又以网络社会的本质为基点,运用博弈理论探寻网络社会主体的行为规律,在此基础上,揭示网络社会运行的内在规律,寻求实现网络社会从无序走向和谐的良策。与此同时,柔性管理概念的引入使该项研究的结论更趋于创造性、完整性和可行性。
With the development of computer network, a society of modern network with different features from the industrial society will come into being. The existing of the features of the network society gives many challenges on traditional moral standards、legal institutions、fundamental of ethics and governance. The value and the crisis of disorder of the network society make the government dilemma. There are many problems emerging on the Internet. The problems affect the network society, even the real society so badly that we have to resolve them at our best. For example, only if traditional moral standards such as obligation, equality and harmony were weighted against this background, theory of immorality and contradiction would inevitably occur. But how to do that well is very difficult because the network society is so different from the realistic society that many traditional means that used to make the society orderly hardly work in the network society. So the research on the governance of the network society is important especially. The thesis discusses the essence of the network society and its law by game theory, and finds out the self-organizing character of the network society. In accordance with the evolutionary process of governance environment, the characters such as digitalizatio、virtuality, and the self-organization, the thesis makes a conclusion that the flexible management is inevitable choice of breaking away from the puzzledom.
With the development of computer network, a society of modern network with different features from the industrial society will come into being. The existing of the features of the network society gives many challenges on traditional moral standards、legal institutions、fundamental of ethics and governance. The value and the crisis of disorder of the network society make the government dilemma. There are many problems emerging on the Internet. The problems affect the network society, even the real society so badly that we have to resolve them at our best. For example, only if traditional moral standards such as obligation, equality and harmony were weighted against this background, theory of immorality and contradiction would inevitably occur. But how to do that well is very difficult because the network society is so different from the realistic society that many traditional means that used to make the society orderly hardly work in the network society. So the research on the governance of the network society is important especially. The thesis discusses the essence of the network society and its law by game theory, and finds out the self-organizing character of the network society. In accordance with the evolutionary process of governance environment, the characters such as digitalizatio、virtuality, and the self-organization, the thesis makes a conclusion that the flexible management is inevitable choice of breaking away from the puzzledom.
引文
[1](美)曼纽尔·卡斯特.网络社会的崛起[M].夏铸九,王志弘译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003.
[2](美)劳伦斯·莱斯格.代码—塑造网络空间的法律[M].中信出版社,2004.
[3](德)尤尔根·哈贝马斯.后形而上学思想[M],南京:译林出版社,2001.第213页.
[4]理查德·斯皮内洛.铁笼,还是乌托邦——网络空间的道德与法律》[M],李伦等译,北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[5](美)尼古拉·尼葛洛庞帝.数字化生存[M].胡泳,范海燕译.海口:海南出版社,1997.
[6](英)迈克尔·M·莱斯诺夫.二十世纪的政治哲学家[M].冯克利译.北京:商务印书馆.2001.
[7](德)海德格尔著:《存在与时间》,三联书店,1999年2版.第131-152页.
[8](美)约翰·罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社.
[9](德)尤尔根·哈贝马斯.包容他者[C].曹卫东译.上海:上海人民出版社,2002.
[10](美)里奇拉克.发现自由意志与个人责任[M].许泽民,罗选民译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1994.
[11](法)皮埃尔·布迪厄.实践与反思[M].李猛.李康译.北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[12](美)邓尼斯·K·姆贝.组织中的传播和权力:话语、意识形态和统治[M].陈德民,陶庆,薛梅译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
[13](英)F.A.哈耶克.自由秩序原理[M].邓正来译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997.
[14](美)约翰·克莱顿·托马斯.公共决策中的公民参与:公共管理者的新技能与新策略[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.第5页。
[15](美)罗伯特·爱克斯洛德.对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化[M].吴忠坚译.上海:上海人民出版社,1998.
[16]马克思:“第六届莱茵省会议的辩论(第一篇论文)”,在《马克思恩格斯全集》第一卷,人民出版社,1995.第176页.
[17]李钢.网络文化[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[18]郭良.网络创世纪:从阿帕网到互联网[M],北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,第160页。
[19]刘文富.《网络政治》[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[20]卓泽渊.法政治学[M].北京:法律出版社,2005,第4页。
[21]徐瑞萍.网络社会控制:基于控制主体的思考[J].自然辩证法研究.第23卷第3期,2007.第83页。
[22]韩志明.公共治理行动体系的责任结构分析[J]],重庆社会科学,2006(2),第107-112页。
[23]John Perry Barlow.A Declaration of the Independence of Cyber-space[A].Peter Ludlow,Crypto Anarchy,Cyber-states,and Pirate Utopias[C].MA:The MIF Press,2001.
[24]R N Bargerl In Search of A Common Rationale for Computer Ethics[A]1 Third Annual Computer Ethics Institute Conference[C]1 Washington,D1 C1,April 28,1994.
[25]Priscilla Regan,Legislating Privacy(Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press,1995),p.12.
[26]Charles Taylor,The Ethics Authenticity(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1991),p.101
[27]Larry Lesig,"The Laws of Cyberspac;" available at:http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/lessig.
[2](美)劳伦斯·莱斯格.代码—塑造网络空间的法律[M].中信出版社,2004.
[3](德)尤尔根·哈贝马斯.后形而上学思想[M],南京:译林出版社,2001.第213页.
[4]理查德·斯皮内洛.铁笼,还是乌托邦——网络空间的道德与法律》[M],李伦等译,北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[5](美)尼古拉·尼葛洛庞帝.数字化生存[M].胡泳,范海燕译.海口:海南出版社,1997.
[6](英)迈克尔·M·莱斯诺夫.二十世纪的政治哲学家[M].冯克利译.北京:商务印书馆.2001.
[7](德)海德格尔著:《存在与时间》,三联书店,1999年2版.第131-152页.
[8](美)约翰·罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社.
[9](德)尤尔根·哈贝马斯.包容他者[C].曹卫东译.上海:上海人民出版社,2002.
[10](美)里奇拉克.发现自由意志与个人责任[M].许泽民,罗选民译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1994.
[11](法)皮埃尔·布迪厄.实践与反思[M].李猛.李康译.北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[12](美)邓尼斯·K·姆贝.组织中的传播和权力:话语、意识形态和统治[M].陈德民,陶庆,薛梅译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
[13](英)F.A.哈耶克.自由秩序原理[M].邓正来译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997.
[14](美)约翰·克莱顿·托马斯.公共决策中的公民参与:公共管理者的新技能与新策略[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.第5页。
[15](美)罗伯特·爱克斯洛德.对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化[M].吴忠坚译.上海:上海人民出版社,1998.
[16]马克思:“第六届莱茵省会议的辩论(第一篇论文)”,在《马克思恩格斯全集》第一卷,人民出版社,1995.第176页.
[17]李钢.网络文化[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[18]郭良.网络创世纪:从阿帕网到互联网[M],北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,第160页。
[19]刘文富.《网络政治》[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[20]卓泽渊.法政治学[M].北京:法律出版社,2005,第4页。
[21]徐瑞萍.网络社会控制:基于控制主体的思考[J].自然辩证法研究.第23卷第3期,2007.第83页。
[22]韩志明.公共治理行动体系的责任结构分析[J]],重庆社会科学,2006(2),第107-112页。
[23]John Perry Barlow.A Declaration of the Independence of Cyber-space[A].Peter Ludlow,Crypto Anarchy,Cyber-states,and Pirate Utopias[C].MA:The MIF Press,2001.
[24]R N Bargerl In Search of A Common Rationale for Computer Ethics[A]1 Third Annual Computer Ethics Institute Conference[C]1 Washington,D1 C1,April 28,1994.
[25]Priscilla Regan,Legislating Privacy(Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press,1995),p.12.
[26]Charles Taylor,The Ethics Authenticity(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1991),p.101
[27]Larry Lesig,"The Laws of Cyberspac;" available at:http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/lessig.
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