碳原子线的抗菌性能研究
|
摘要
随着社会发展、科技进步、和人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的生物医用材料被用来诊断、治疗、修复或替换人体中损坏的组织和器官。在众多生物医用材料中,医用碳材料,因其具有很好的生物相容性、出色的化学稳定性和突出的高强度、耐疲劳等性能,受到人们越来越多的关注,得到越来越广泛的应用。但是,正如其它生物医用材料一样,目前使用的医用碳材料本身不具有抗菌性,在人体中植入的这些材料表面常常会出现细菌的粘附和繁殖而导致相关组织感染,给患者增添很多痛苦和烦恼。因此研究兼具内在抗菌性的生物医用材料,特别是医用碳材料具有重要意义。本文要报告的就是一种具有内在抗菌性的新型碳材料的初步研究结果。这种新型碳材料由本实验室合成,我们称之为碳原子线。
本文采用抑菌环、菌落数、电导率等多种方法研究碳原子线的抗菌性。实验选用菌种有金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)、奇异变形杆菌(97001)、普通变形杆菌(49102)、枯草杆菌(ATCC9372)、绿脓杆菌(ATCC27853)和白色念珠菌(ATCC10231)。实验结果表明,碳原子线对于实验菌种具有良好的抗菌性能。
实验结果还表明,在制备碳原子线的过程中,热解温度和催化剂含量对于热解产物的抗菌性能具有决定性的影响。当热解温度在750℃和800℃,不论催化剂含量为多少,或者当没有催化剂存在时,不论热解温度为多少,所得热解产物对于所选菌种都基本没有抑制生长作用。由已获实验结果看来,选取650℃的热解温度和0.2%的催化剂含量比较适宜。
碳原子线是由sp杂化键合而成的一种碳同素异形体。在碳原子线的分子链中,每个碳原子都有2个电子参与大π共轭体系,因此分子链上存在众多可离域电子。这种结构十分有利于电荷传输,我们已获得的关于碳原子线对于一些生物分子电化学氧化还原过程的催化作用的研究结果显示了它的这一特性。参考目前比较普遍接受的关于抗菌材料的几种作用机理,碳原子线的抗菌作用可能是在水和空气存在的条件下通过形成催化活性中心,产生羟基自由基·OH及活性氧离子O_2~-而实现的。
本论文首次研究碳原子线的抗菌性能。论文作者首次发现碳原子线是自身具有抗菌性能的碳材料。碳原子线不仅具有通常碳材料所具有的生物相容性好等特点,又兼具内在的抑制细菌、真菌生长的作用,故是一种潜在的非常理想的医用材料。
Along with the development of society, progress of science and technology and improvement of people's living standard , more and more biomedical materials are utilized for the diagnose, treatment, repairing or replacement of the tissues or organs working in failure. Among all kinds of the biomedical materials, carbonaceous medical materials are especially attractive and widely used recently, because of their extraordinary features of good bio-compatibility, chemical stability, high strength and anti-fatigue. But, the carbonaceous medical materials used nowadays do not have antibacterial effects themselves, just as all the other biomedical materials. Thus, infection often happens at the tissues and organs implanted in the human body, arising from the growth of bacteria adhered on the surface of the foreign organs, and brings patients a lot of pain and trouble. Therefore, it is significant to have biomedical materials, especially carbonaceous medical materials with inherent antibacterial properties. This thesis reports the experimental results on the antibacterial effects of a new type of carbon produced in our lab and called as carbon atom wires (CAWs).
Antibacterial effects of CAWs were investigated by various methods including zone of inhibition, bacterial colonies and conductivity measurements. The bacteria used in the research were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Proteus mirabilis (97001), Proteus vulgaris (49102), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC9372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Candida albicans(ATCC 10231). As experimental results indicated, CAWs exhibited well inhibitory effects on the bacteria tested.
The experimental results also indicate that the temperature in pyrolysis and the amount of catalyst applied in the process of preparation of CAWs are critical factors to affect the antibacterial effects of the pyrolytic products. The products, obtained at the pyrolytic temperature of 750℃or 800℃, basically exhibit no inhibitory effects on the bacteria tested no matter how much of the catalyst added. The products got at any pyrolytic temperature are not capable of inhibiting growth of the bacteria tested without the presence of one of ferric metals as a catalyst. By experience, the pyrolytic temperature of 650℃and a ferric metal of 0.2% starch by weight are proper conditions to obtain desired pyrolytic products.
CAWs are of another allotropic form of carbon based on sp hybridization, with plenty of delocalized electrons along their molecular chain due to the presence of two electrons, for each carbon atom, involved in the huge conjugated system. Such a structure facilitates the charge transmission as demonstrated by high activity in catalysis in the electrochemical processes for some biological molecules tested by us. Referring to the antibacterial mechanism generally accepted at present, we propose that the inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria might come from the effects of·OH and O_2~- formed at the catalytic center produced by the moving of delocalized electrons in molecular chains of CAWs in the presence of water and air.
The antibacterial effect of CAWs was reported for the first time by the author of the thesis and CAWs are of only one kind of carbonaceous material inherently capable of inhibiting growth of bacteria. CAWs have not only good biocompatibility as the other carbon material, but also inherency against the bacterial growth and therefore are the well candidate of ideal biomedical material.
本文采用抑菌环、菌落数、电导率等多种方法研究碳原子线的抗菌性。实验选用菌种有金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)、奇异变形杆菌(97001)、普通变形杆菌(49102)、枯草杆菌(ATCC9372)、绿脓杆菌(ATCC27853)和白色念珠菌(ATCC10231)。实验结果表明,碳原子线对于实验菌种具有良好的抗菌性能。
实验结果还表明,在制备碳原子线的过程中,热解温度和催化剂含量对于热解产物的抗菌性能具有决定性的影响。当热解温度在750℃和800℃,不论催化剂含量为多少,或者当没有催化剂存在时,不论热解温度为多少,所得热解产物对于所选菌种都基本没有抑制生长作用。由已获实验结果看来,选取650℃的热解温度和0.2%的催化剂含量比较适宜。
碳原子线是由sp杂化键合而成的一种碳同素异形体。在碳原子线的分子链中,每个碳原子都有2个电子参与大π共轭体系,因此分子链上存在众多可离域电子。这种结构十分有利于电荷传输,我们已获得的关于碳原子线对于一些生物分子电化学氧化还原过程的催化作用的研究结果显示了它的这一特性。参考目前比较普遍接受的关于抗菌材料的几种作用机理,碳原子线的抗菌作用可能是在水和空气存在的条件下通过形成催化活性中心,产生羟基自由基·OH及活性氧离子O_2~-而实现的。
本论文首次研究碳原子线的抗菌性能。论文作者首次发现碳原子线是自身具有抗菌性能的碳材料。碳原子线不仅具有通常碳材料所具有的生物相容性好等特点,又兼具内在的抑制细菌、真菌生长的作用,故是一种潜在的非常理想的医用材料。
Along with the development of society, progress of science and technology and improvement of people's living standard , more and more biomedical materials are utilized for the diagnose, treatment, repairing or replacement of the tissues or organs working in failure. Among all kinds of the biomedical materials, carbonaceous medical materials are especially attractive and widely used recently, because of their extraordinary features of good bio-compatibility, chemical stability, high strength and anti-fatigue. But, the carbonaceous medical materials used nowadays do not have antibacterial effects themselves, just as all the other biomedical materials. Thus, infection often happens at the tissues and organs implanted in the human body, arising from the growth of bacteria adhered on the surface of the foreign organs, and brings patients a lot of pain and trouble. Therefore, it is significant to have biomedical materials, especially carbonaceous medical materials with inherent antibacterial properties. This thesis reports the experimental results on the antibacterial effects of a new type of carbon produced in our lab and called as carbon atom wires (CAWs).
Antibacterial effects of CAWs were investigated by various methods including zone of inhibition, bacterial colonies and conductivity measurements. The bacteria used in the research were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Proteus mirabilis (97001), Proteus vulgaris (49102), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC9372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Candida albicans(ATCC 10231). As experimental results indicated, CAWs exhibited well inhibitory effects on the bacteria tested.
The experimental results also indicate that the temperature in pyrolysis and the amount of catalyst applied in the process of preparation of CAWs are critical factors to affect the antibacterial effects of the pyrolytic products. The products, obtained at the pyrolytic temperature of 750℃or 800℃, basically exhibit no inhibitory effects on the bacteria tested no matter how much of the catalyst added. The products got at any pyrolytic temperature are not capable of inhibiting growth of the bacteria tested without the presence of one of ferric metals as a catalyst. By experience, the pyrolytic temperature of 650℃and a ferric metal of 0.2% starch by weight are proper conditions to obtain desired pyrolytic products.
CAWs are of another allotropic form of carbon based on sp hybridization, with plenty of delocalized electrons along their molecular chain due to the presence of two electrons, for each carbon atom, involved in the huge conjugated system. Such a structure facilitates the charge transmission as demonstrated by high activity in catalysis in the electrochemical processes for some biological molecules tested by us. Referring to the antibacterial mechanism generally accepted at present, we propose that the inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria might come from the effects of·OH and O_2~- formed at the catalytic center produced by the moving of delocalized electrons in molecular chains of CAWs in the presence of water and air.
The antibacterial effect of CAWs was reported for the first time by the author of the thesis and CAWs are of only one kind of carbonaceous material inherently capable of inhibiting growth of bacteria. CAWs have not only good biocompatibility as the other carbon material, but also inherency against the bacterial growth and therefore are the well candidate of ideal biomedical material.
引文
[1]申前锋,张美云,抗菌技术及其在造纸行业的应用,上海造纸,2007,38(1):59-62
[2]季君辉,史维明,抗菌材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[3]金宗哲,无机抗菌材料及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[4]夏金兰,王春,刘新星,抗菌剂及其抗菌机理,中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):31-38
[5]孙洪,夏英,陈莉,谭振宇,孟令懿,国内外抗菌剂的研究现状及发展趋势,塑料工业,2006,34(9):1-5
[6]王男,王晓敏,抗菌材料及其在包装中的应用,中国包装工业,2006,(4):69-71
[7]孙剑,乔学亮,陈建国,无机抗菌剂的研究进展,材料导报,2007,21:344-348
[8]董晓旭,抗菌高分子材料抗菌性检验方法的研究,工程塑料应用,2000,28(2):27-29
[9]杨飞,陈克复,杨仁党,抗菌剂及其在抗菌纸中的应用,中国造纸,2006,25(8):51-55
[10]李晓英,抗菌剂及抗菌材料的应用,中国塑料,2001,15(2):68-70
[11]张昌辉,谢瑜,徐旋,抗菌剂的研究进展.化工进展,2007,26(9):1237-1242
[12]肖丽平,李临生,抗菌防腐剂(Ⅰ)抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类.日用化学工业,2001,31(5):55-57
[13]张葵花,林松柏,谭绍早,有机抗菌剂研究现状及发展趋势.涂料工业,2005,35(5):45-50
[14]王娟,刘忠,鲁梅芳,壳聚糖及其衍生物作为纸张抗菌剂的研究.黑龙江造纸,2005,(2):29-31
[15]杨俊玲,壳聚糖抗菌性的研究,纺织学报,2003,24(2):151-153
[16]王琳玲,张文清,夏玮,钱俊伟,壳聚糖及其衍生物抗菌性质的研究进展,《上海生物医学工程》,2006,27(2):111-114
[17]王蕊欣,郭建峰,高保娇,高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨,应用化学,2006,23(2):184-187
[18]陈拥军,李本高,汪燮卿,有机抗菌剂研究的新进展,石油炼制与化工,1997,28(1):56-63.
[19]江山,王立,俞豪杰,陈英,新型有机高分子抗菌剂,高分子通报, 2002,(6):57-62
[20]张伟,李宁,胥永刚,文玉华,无机抗菌材料的开发,机械,2003,30(3):65-69
[21]唐慧琴,郑津辉,刘桐,赵杰,银离子注入热解碳的抗菌性研究.真空科学与技术学报,2006,26(2):93-97
[22]唐慧琴,郑津辉,刘桐,赵杰,银离子注入热解碳的抗菌性研究.真空科学与技术学报,2006,26(2):93-97
[23]赵娣芳,周杰,刘宁,含银无机抗菌材料的开发及应用,矿产保护与利用,2005,(3):12-15
[24]贺岚,杨武斌,陈常明,无机抗菌剂应用现状及发展趋势研究,湖南科技学院学报,2007,28(4):113-116
[25]王积森,冯忠彬,孙金全,贾明剑,宋振雷,纳米TiO_2的光催化机理及其影响因素分析,微纳电子技术,2008,45(1):28-32
[26]雷绍民,熊毕华,郝骞,郭高丽,纳米TiO_2复合抗菌材料抗菌机理与研究进展,资源环境与工程,2006,20(4):459-462
[27]张晨,吴赞敏,纳米抗菌材料在抗菌整理中的应用,针织工业,2007,(1):64-66
[28]汪水平,邹时平,翁睿,伊翠云,TiO_2的抗菌机理及制备方法,广东建材,2006,(3):26-28
[29]汤戈,王振家,无机抗菌材料的发展和应用,材料科学与工程,2002,20(2):298-301
[30]周轩榕,卢滇楠,邵曼君,邢晓东,王晓工,刘铮,表面接枝季铵盐型高分子材料抗菌过程的特性研究,高等学校化学学报,2003,24(6):1131-1135
[31]刘长令,农用杀菌剂研究开发的新进展(一),精细与专用化学品,2000,(15):5-7
[32]郑连英,朱江峰,孙昆山,壳聚糖的抗菌性能研究,材料科学与工程,2000,18(2):22-24
[33]李辉芹,巩继贤,天然抗菌整理剂,纺织导报,2002,(2):50-54
[34]周祚万,刘国梅,罗雁彬,段小飞,国内外无机抗菌材料研究动态,新材料产业,2007,(3):74-76
[35]顾汉卿,徐国风,生物医学材料学[M].天津科技翻译出版公司,1993,433-447.
[36]传秀云,秦永,崔荣国,炭石墨材料的生物机械性能和骨固定材料,炭素技 术,2004,23(5):27-32
[37]传秀云,碳材料在环境工学方面的应用,岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(40):507-510
[38]郭希铭,刘谦祥,唐慧琴,银离子注入对TiN薄膜和热解碳抗菌性能的影响,天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1):40-43
[39]H.Q.Tang a,H.J.Feng a,J.H.Zheng,A study on antibacterial properties of Ag+-implanted pyrolytic carbon,Surface & Coatings Technology,2007,201(9/11):5633-5636
[40]潘向军,陈中元,朱友良,炭布的研制及其应用,包装工程,2005,26(5):112-114
[41]毛爱丽,彭兵,柴立元,王佳,刘立强,游芳,高慧妹,载银纳米SiO-2抗菌竹炭制备工艺研究,材料导报,2007,21(S3):229-231
[42]传秀云,郑辙,陈晶,汉朝马王堆木炭中的笼状碳,无机材料学报,2003,18(4).917-922
[43]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Wei Shen,Chun-Jian He,Qiao-Ling Chen,Li-Jun Wu,Yi-Mei Zhu,Linear carbon allotrope-carbon atom wires prepared by pyrolysis of starch,Chemical Physics Letters,2004,385(6):477-480
[44]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Shou-Yin Yin,Investigation of the electrochemical behaviors of dopamine on the carbon atom wire modified electrode.Chemical Physics Letters,2004,391(4/6):243-247
[45]陶菲菲,薛宽宏,沈伟等,碳原子线修饰电极的循环伏安行为及其对NADH的电催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2004,27(1):68-70.
[46]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Wen Xu,Shou-Yin Yin,Jia-Mei Liu,Selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid at the carbon atom wire modified electrode.Journal of Eleetroanalytieal Chemistry,2005,578(2):323-329.
[47]徐雯,薛宽宏,尹寿银,刘佳梅,陈邵鹏等.碳原子线修饰电极对于对苯二酚电化学反应的催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2005,28(1):62-65.
[48]Kuan-Hong Xue,Jia-Mei Liu,Ri-Bing Wei,Shao-Peng Chen,Electrochemical behavior of adrenaline at the carbon atom wire modified electrode,Chemical Physics,2006,327(2/3):319-326
[49]刘佳梅,薛宽宏,魏日兵,陈邵鹏,碳原子线修饰电极对尿酸的电催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2006,29(2),59-62.
[50]Siavosh Mahboobi,Emerich Eichhom,Matthias Winkler,Andreas Sellmer,Ute Mo"llmann,Antibacterial activity of a novel series of 3-bromo-4-(1H-3-indolyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledionederivatives e An extended structureeactivity relationship study,European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2008,43(3):633-656
[51]George A.Pesewu,Ronald R.Cutler,David P.Humber,Antibacterial activity of plants used in traditional medicines of Ghana with particular reference to MRSA,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2008,116(1):102-111
[52]隆泉,赵革建,郑保忠,周应揆,新型纳米无机抗菌剂TiO-2和ZnO的广谱抗菌性研究,云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(2):174
[53]Vadym Bakumov,Katja Gueinzius,Corinna Hermann,Marcus Schwarz,Edwin Kroke,Polysilazane-derived antibacterial silver-ceramic nanocomposites,Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(10):3287-3292
[54]Shimoga Nagaraj Sriharsha,Sridharamurthy Satish,Sheena Shashikanth and Koteshwara Anandarao Raveesha,Design,synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 1,3-thiazolidine pyrimidine nucleoside analogues,Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry,2006,14(22):7476-7481
[55]Krzysztof Sztanke,Kazimierz Pasternak,Anna Sidor-Wo'jtowicz,Janina Truchlin'skac and Krzysztof Jo'z'wiak,Synthesis cf imidazoline and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole aryl derivatives containing the methylthio group as possible antibacterial agents,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2006,14(11):3635-3642
[56]Colin Charnock,Bjarne Brudeli,Jo Klaveness,Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of diesters of azelaic acid,European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2004,21(5):589-596
[57]孟娜,周宁琳,陈亚红,高南萧,李利,章峻,魏少华,沈健,醋酸洗必泰改性蒙脱土抗菌复合物的制备及抗菌性能,功能材料,2007,38(7):1190-1193
[58]Manoj Kumar Mohan Nair,Pradeep Vasudevan,Kumar Venkitanarayanan,
Antibacterial effect of black seed oil on Listeria monocytogenes, Food Control, 2005,16(5):395-398
[59] Bekir Dizman, Jonathan C. Badger, Mohamed O. Elasri, Lon J. Mathias,Antibacterial fluoromicas: A novel delivery medium, Applied Clay Sciehce,2007,38(1/2):57-63
[60] Lambrini Adamopoulos, Jason Montegna, Greg Hampikian, Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, John Heitmann, Lucian A. Lucia, A simple method to tune the gross antibacterial activity of cellulosic biomaterials, Carbohydrate Polymers , 2007,69(4):805-810
[61] Salman Ahmad Khan, Kishwar Saleem,Zaheer Khan, Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antibacterial activity of new steroidal thiazolo quinoxalines. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2007,42 (1):103-108
[62] V. Edwards-Jones,R. Buck, S.G. Shawcross, M.M. Dawson, K. Dunn, The effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model,Burns ,2004, 30(8):772-777
[63] S.M. Maga~na, P. Quintana, D.H. Aguilar, J.A. Toledo, C. A' ngeles-Cha'vez,M.A. Cort'es, L. Le'on, Y. Freile-Pelegr'in, T. L'opez, R.M. Torres S'anchez, Antibacterial activity of montmorillonites modified with silver, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2008,281(1/2): 192-199
[64] Hairong Liu, Qi Chen,Li Song, Reifang Ye,Jianying Lu,Huiping Li, Ag-doped antibacterial porous materials with slow release of silver ions. Journal of Non-Cry -stallineSolids,2008,354(12/13):1314-1317
[65] Yu Qing Chen, Shuang Quan Zhang,Bao Cun Li, Wen Qiu,Bo Jiao, Jie Zhang, Zhen Yu Diao, Expression of a cytotoxic cationic antibacterial peptide in Escherichia coli using two fusion partners, Protein Expression and Purification,2008,57(2):303-311
[66] Ying Xu, Jinshu Cheng,Weihong Zheng,Deqiang Gao, Study on the preparation and properties of silver-doped borosilicate antibacterial glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(12/13):1342-1346
[67] Ying Xu, Jinshu Cheng,Weihong Zheng,Deqiang Gao, Study on the preparation and properties of silver-doped borosilicate antibacterial glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(12/13):1342-1346
[68]何安坤,薛宽宏,周宁琳,沈健,碳原子线的抗菌性能,无机化学学报,2008,24(2):329-332
[69]孟娜,周宁琳,刘颖,羧甲基壳聚糖-银/蒙脱土纳米抗菌中间体的制备及性能研究,功能材料,2007,38(6):958-964.
[2]季君辉,史维明,抗菌材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[3]金宗哲,无机抗菌材料及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[4]夏金兰,王春,刘新星,抗菌剂及其抗菌机理,中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):31-38
[5]孙洪,夏英,陈莉,谭振宇,孟令懿,国内外抗菌剂的研究现状及发展趋势,塑料工业,2006,34(9):1-5
[6]王男,王晓敏,抗菌材料及其在包装中的应用,中国包装工业,2006,(4):69-71
[7]孙剑,乔学亮,陈建国,无机抗菌剂的研究进展,材料导报,2007,21:344-348
[8]董晓旭,抗菌高分子材料抗菌性检验方法的研究,工程塑料应用,2000,28(2):27-29
[9]杨飞,陈克复,杨仁党,抗菌剂及其在抗菌纸中的应用,中国造纸,2006,25(8):51-55
[10]李晓英,抗菌剂及抗菌材料的应用,中国塑料,2001,15(2):68-70
[11]张昌辉,谢瑜,徐旋,抗菌剂的研究进展.化工进展,2007,26(9):1237-1242
[12]肖丽平,李临生,抗菌防腐剂(Ⅰ)抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类.日用化学工业,2001,31(5):55-57
[13]张葵花,林松柏,谭绍早,有机抗菌剂研究现状及发展趋势.涂料工业,2005,35(5):45-50
[14]王娟,刘忠,鲁梅芳,壳聚糖及其衍生物作为纸张抗菌剂的研究.黑龙江造纸,2005,(2):29-31
[15]杨俊玲,壳聚糖抗菌性的研究,纺织学报,2003,24(2):151-153
[16]王琳玲,张文清,夏玮,钱俊伟,壳聚糖及其衍生物抗菌性质的研究进展,《上海生物医学工程》,2006,27(2):111-114
[17]王蕊欣,郭建峰,高保娇,高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨,应用化学,2006,23(2):184-187
[18]陈拥军,李本高,汪燮卿,有机抗菌剂研究的新进展,石油炼制与化工,1997,28(1):56-63.
[19]江山,王立,俞豪杰,陈英,新型有机高分子抗菌剂,高分子通报, 2002,(6):57-62
[20]张伟,李宁,胥永刚,文玉华,无机抗菌材料的开发,机械,2003,30(3):65-69
[21]唐慧琴,郑津辉,刘桐,赵杰,银离子注入热解碳的抗菌性研究.真空科学与技术学报,2006,26(2):93-97
[22]唐慧琴,郑津辉,刘桐,赵杰,银离子注入热解碳的抗菌性研究.真空科学与技术学报,2006,26(2):93-97
[23]赵娣芳,周杰,刘宁,含银无机抗菌材料的开发及应用,矿产保护与利用,2005,(3):12-15
[24]贺岚,杨武斌,陈常明,无机抗菌剂应用现状及发展趋势研究,湖南科技学院学报,2007,28(4):113-116
[25]王积森,冯忠彬,孙金全,贾明剑,宋振雷,纳米TiO_2的光催化机理及其影响因素分析,微纳电子技术,2008,45(1):28-32
[26]雷绍民,熊毕华,郝骞,郭高丽,纳米TiO_2复合抗菌材料抗菌机理与研究进展,资源环境与工程,2006,20(4):459-462
[27]张晨,吴赞敏,纳米抗菌材料在抗菌整理中的应用,针织工业,2007,(1):64-66
[28]汪水平,邹时平,翁睿,伊翠云,TiO_2的抗菌机理及制备方法,广东建材,2006,(3):26-28
[29]汤戈,王振家,无机抗菌材料的发展和应用,材料科学与工程,2002,20(2):298-301
[30]周轩榕,卢滇楠,邵曼君,邢晓东,王晓工,刘铮,表面接枝季铵盐型高分子材料抗菌过程的特性研究,高等学校化学学报,2003,24(6):1131-1135
[31]刘长令,农用杀菌剂研究开发的新进展(一),精细与专用化学品,2000,(15):5-7
[32]郑连英,朱江峰,孙昆山,壳聚糖的抗菌性能研究,材料科学与工程,2000,18(2):22-24
[33]李辉芹,巩继贤,天然抗菌整理剂,纺织导报,2002,(2):50-54
[34]周祚万,刘国梅,罗雁彬,段小飞,国内外无机抗菌材料研究动态,新材料产业,2007,(3):74-76
[35]顾汉卿,徐国风,生物医学材料学[M].天津科技翻译出版公司,1993,433-447.
[36]传秀云,秦永,崔荣国,炭石墨材料的生物机械性能和骨固定材料,炭素技 术,2004,23(5):27-32
[37]传秀云,碳材料在环境工学方面的应用,岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(40):507-510
[38]郭希铭,刘谦祥,唐慧琴,银离子注入对TiN薄膜和热解碳抗菌性能的影响,天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1):40-43
[39]H.Q.Tang a,H.J.Feng a,J.H.Zheng,A study on antibacterial properties of Ag+-implanted pyrolytic carbon,Surface & Coatings Technology,2007,201(9/11):5633-5636
[40]潘向军,陈中元,朱友良,炭布的研制及其应用,包装工程,2005,26(5):112-114
[41]毛爱丽,彭兵,柴立元,王佳,刘立强,游芳,高慧妹,载银纳米SiO-2抗菌竹炭制备工艺研究,材料导报,2007,21(S3):229-231
[42]传秀云,郑辙,陈晶,汉朝马王堆木炭中的笼状碳,无机材料学报,2003,18(4).917-922
[43]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Wei Shen,Chun-Jian He,Qiao-Ling Chen,Li-Jun Wu,Yi-Mei Zhu,Linear carbon allotrope-carbon atom wires prepared by pyrolysis of starch,Chemical Physics Letters,2004,385(6):477-480
[44]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Shou-Yin Yin,Investigation of the electrochemical behaviors of dopamine on the carbon atom wire modified electrode.Chemical Physics Letters,2004,391(4/6):243-247
[45]陶菲菲,薛宽宏,沈伟等,碳原子线修饰电极的循环伏安行为及其对NADH的电催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2004,27(1):68-70.
[46]Kuan-Hong Xue,Fei-Fei Tao,Wen Xu,Shou-Yin Yin,Jia-Mei Liu,Selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid at the carbon atom wire modified electrode.Journal of Eleetroanalytieal Chemistry,2005,578(2):323-329.
[47]徐雯,薛宽宏,尹寿银,刘佳梅,陈邵鹏等.碳原子线修饰电极对于对苯二酚电化学反应的催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2005,28(1):62-65.
[48]Kuan-Hong Xue,Jia-Mei Liu,Ri-Bing Wei,Shao-Peng Chen,Electrochemical behavior of adrenaline at the carbon atom wire modified electrode,Chemical Physics,2006,327(2/3):319-326
[49]刘佳梅,薛宽宏,魏日兵,陈邵鹏,碳原子线修饰电极对尿酸的电催化作用,南京师大学报(自然科学版),2006,29(2),59-62.
[50]Siavosh Mahboobi,Emerich Eichhom,Matthias Winkler,Andreas Sellmer,Ute Mo"llmann,Antibacterial activity of a novel series of 3-bromo-4-(1H-3-indolyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledionederivatives e An extended structureeactivity relationship study,European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2008,43(3):633-656
[51]George A.Pesewu,Ronald R.Cutler,David P.Humber,Antibacterial activity of plants used in traditional medicines of Ghana with particular reference to MRSA,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2008,116(1):102-111
[52]隆泉,赵革建,郑保忠,周应揆,新型纳米无机抗菌剂TiO-2和ZnO的广谱抗菌性研究,云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(2):174
[53]Vadym Bakumov,Katja Gueinzius,Corinna Hermann,Marcus Schwarz,Edwin Kroke,Polysilazane-derived antibacterial silver-ceramic nanocomposites,Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(10):3287-3292
[54]Shimoga Nagaraj Sriharsha,Sridharamurthy Satish,Sheena Shashikanth and Koteshwara Anandarao Raveesha,Design,synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 1,3-thiazolidine pyrimidine nucleoside analogues,Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry,2006,14(22):7476-7481
[55]Krzysztof Sztanke,Kazimierz Pasternak,Anna Sidor-Wo'jtowicz,Janina Truchlin'skac and Krzysztof Jo'z'wiak,Synthesis cf imidazoline and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole aryl derivatives containing the methylthio group as possible antibacterial agents,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2006,14(11):3635-3642
[56]Colin Charnock,Bjarne Brudeli,Jo Klaveness,Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of diesters of azelaic acid,European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2004,21(5):589-596
[57]孟娜,周宁琳,陈亚红,高南萧,李利,章峻,魏少华,沈健,醋酸洗必泰改性蒙脱土抗菌复合物的制备及抗菌性能,功能材料,2007,38(7):1190-1193
[58]Manoj Kumar Mohan Nair,Pradeep Vasudevan,Kumar Venkitanarayanan,
Antibacterial effect of black seed oil on Listeria monocytogenes, Food Control, 2005,16(5):395-398
[59] Bekir Dizman, Jonathan C. Badger, Mohamed O. Elasri, Lon J. Mathias,Antibacterial fluoromicas: A novel delivery medium, Applied Clay Sciehce,2007,38(1/2):57-63
[60] Lambrini Adamopoulos, Jason Montegna, Greg Hampikian, Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, John Heitmann, Lucian A. Lucia, A simple method to tune the gross antibacterial activity of cellulosic biomaterials, Carbohydrate Polymers , 2007,69(4):805-810
[61] Salman Ahmad Khan, Kishwar Saleem,Zaheer Khan, Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antibacterial activity of new steroidal thiazolo quinoxalines. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2007,42 (1):103-108
[62] V. Edwards-Jones,R. Buck, S.G. Shawcross, M.M. Dawson, K. Dunn, The effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model,Burns ,2004, 30(8):772-777
[63] S.M. Maga~na, P. Quintana, D.H. Aguilar, J.A. Toledo, C. A' ngeles-Cha'vez,M.A. Cort'es, L. Le'on, Y. Freile-Pelegr'in, T. L'opez, R.M. Torres S'anchez, Antibacterial activity of montmorillonites modified with silver, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2008,281(1/2): 192-199
[64] Hairong Liu, Qi Chen,Li Song, Reifang Ye,Jianying Lu,Huiping Li, Ag-doped antibacterial porous materials with slow release of silver ions. Journal of Non-Cry -stallineSolids,2008,354(12/13):1314-1317
[65] Yu Qing Chen, Shuang Quan Zhang,Bao Cun Li, Wen Qiu,Bo Jiao, Jie Zhang, Zhen Yu Diao, Expression of a cytotoxic cationic antibacterial peptide in Escherichia coli using two fusion partners, Protein Expression and Purification,2008,57(2):303-311
[66] Ying Xu, Jinshu Cheng,Weihong Zheng,Deqiang Gao, Study on the preparation and properties of silver-doped borosilicate antibacterial glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(12/13):1342-1346
[67] Ying Xu, Jinshu Cheng,Weihong Zheng,Deqiang Gao, Study on the preparation and properties of silver-doped borosilicate antibacterial glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(12/13):1342-1346
[68]何安坤,薛宽宏,周宁琳,沈健,碳原子线的抗菌性能,无机化学学报,2008,24(2):329-332
[69]孟娜,周宁琳,刘颖,羧甲基壳聚糖-银/蒙脱土纳米抗菌中间体的制备及性能研究,功能材料,2007,38(6):958-964.