面向管道原油密度测量的超声波飞越时间测量方法研究
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摘要
密度是指单位体积中的物质的质量,它是表征物质特性的一个基本物理量。密度测量,是一项重要的测量技术,它不仅在物理、化学、计量学、海洋学等学科中对物质性质的研究起着重要的作用,而且在石油、化工、冶金、轻工、材料等工业部门中应用十分广泛,对实现生产过程和产品质量的自动控制和检验也同样起着很重要的作用。
本文在超声波技术和液体密度检测相关知识的基础上提出了一种适用于石油化工行业的管道输送原油产品密度的在线测量技术,并根据测量原理设计了一种管道原油密度测量系统。该设计的关键是超声波在液体中的飞越时间的测量。文中主要介绍了管道输送原油密度的测量原理、测量系统的部分硬件构成和单片机系统的功能软件的实现。系统在超声波传感器的安装上采用了先进的磁吸式结构,可直接安装在不同管径的石油管道外,无需停流截管安装,不影响管路系统的正常运行。
系统利用了超声波在不同介质中的传播速度不同这一原理,通过超声波传感器在管道外发射、接收超声波,采用FPGA来测出超声波在管道流体中的飞越时间,从而计算出超声波在介质中的传播速度。通过液体密度和超声波在液体介质中的传播速度之间的关系来达到检测原油密度的目的。文中还对超声波的发射接收实验和飞越时间的测量实验进行了介绍,并对实验结果进行了分析。
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, which is one of the basic physical variables describing the characteristic of a substance. Density measurement is an important measurement technique and plays an important role in studying the characteristic of a substance, which is widely used not only in many subjects such as physics, chemistry, metrology and oceanography, but also in petroleum industry, chemical industry, metallurgy industry, light industry, materials industry and so on. It also plays an important role in testing and controlling the process and quality of production.
In this paper, an on-line density measurement technique of crude oil during pipeline transport is presented based on ultrasonic technology and liquid density measurement technology, which is applicable to petroleum and chemical industry. According to the measurement principle, a density measurement system for crude oil during pipeline transport is designed. The measurement of ultrasonic propagation time is the key point to the design. The density measurement principle, hardware design of measurement system and software design of MCU system are introduced in this paper. Advanced magnetic seed-metering structure for the installation of ultrasonic sensors is used in order to install the sensors in pipes of different diameters while pipe truncating is not necessary and normal operation of the pipe system will not be affected.
The principle that ultrasonic velocity is different in various mediums is the basis for this system. The ultrasonic sensors are installed outside the pipe to emit and receive ultrasonic and ultrasonic propagation time is measured by FPGA. Then ultrasonic velocity is calculated. Oil density is measured through the relationship between liquid density and ultrasonic velocity in the liquid. In this paper, the experiments for ultrasonic emission and reception as well as measurement of ultrasonic propagation time are introduced and the results are analyzed.
本文在超声波技术和液体密度检测相关知识的基础上提出了一种适用于石油化工行业的管道输送原油产品密度的在线测量技术,并根据测量原理设计了一种管道原油密度测量系统。该设计的关键是超声波在液体中的飞越时间的测量。文中主要介绍了管道输送原油密度的测量原理、测量系统的部分硬件构成和单片机系统的功能软件的实现。系统在超声波传感器的安装上采用了先进的磁吸式结构,可直接安装在不同管径的石油管道外,无需停流截管安装,不影响管路系统的正常运行。
系统利用了超声波在不同介质中的传播速度不同这一原理,通过超声波传感器在管道外发射、接收超声波,采用FPGA来测出超声波在管道流体中的飞越时间,从而计算出超声波在介质中的传播速度。通过液体密度和超声波在液体介质中的传播速度之间的关系来达到检测原油密度的目的。文中还对超声波的发射接收实验和飞越时间的测量实验进行了介绍,并对实验结果进行了分析。
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, which is one of the basic physical variables describing the characteristic of a substance. Density measurement is an important measurement technique and plays an important role in studying the characteristic of a substance, which is widely used not only in many subjects such as physics, chemistry, metrology and oceanography, but also in petroleum industry, chemical industry, metallurgy industry, light industry, materials industry and so on. It also plays an important role in testing and controlling the process and quality of production.
In this paper, an on-line density measurement technique of crude oil during pipeline transport is presented based on ultrasonic technology and liquid density measurement technology, which is applicable to petroleum and chemical industry. According to the measurement principle, a density measurement system for crude oil during pipeline transport is designed. The measurement of ultrasonic propagation time is the key point to the design. The density measurement principle, hardware design of measurement system and software design of MCU system are introduced in this paper. Advanced magnetic seed-metering structure for the installation of ultrasonic sensors is used in order to install the sensors in pipes of different diameters while pipe truncating is not necessary and normal operation of the pipe system will not be affected.
The principle that ultrasonic velocity is different in various mediums is the basis for this system. The ultrasonic sensors are installed outside the pipe to emit and receive ultrasonic and ultrasonic propagation time is measured by FPGA. Then ultrasonic velocity is calculated. Oil density is measured through the relationship between liquid density and ultrasonic velocity in the liquid. In this paper, the experiments for ultrasonic emission and reception as well as measurement of ultrasonic propagation time are introduced and the results are analyzed.
引文
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[3]吕霞付,舒红宇,蔡绍皙。一种高精度微量体液密度声传感器的研制[J].传感器技术,1998,17(12):1-3.
[4]Ricardo Tokio Higuti,Fla'vio Buiochi,Julio Cezar Adamowski,Francisco Montero de Espinosa.Ultrasonic density measurement cell design and simulation of non-ideal effects[J].Ultrasonics,2006,44:302-309.
[5]Margaret S.Greenwood,Judith A.Bamberger.Ultrasonic sensor to measure the density of a liquid or slurry during pipeline transport[J].Ultrasonic,2002,40:413-417.
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[7]李明,陆品.内置型全浸浮子液体密度测量法[J].石油与天然气化工,2000,29(6):319-320.
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[11]黄勇.超声波液位远程监控系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[12]冯若.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2001.5.
[13]王玉辉.CPLD技术在时差法超声波流量计中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(8-2):117-119.
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[15]吕云飞.相位差法超声流量计技术的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005.
[16]Judith Ann Bamberger,Margaret S.Greenwood.Non-invasive characterization of fluid foodstuffs based on ultrasonic measurements[J].Food Research International,2004,37:621-625.
[17]何青.基于嵌入式系统的超声波流量计设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[18]吕霞付,张崇军,王武,蔡绍皙,邓明晰.一种声表面波液体密度传感器的实验研究[J].传感器技术,1999,18(5):44-49.
[19]施文康,马伟方,侯毅.基于兰姆波技术的液体密度声传感器[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(9):1340-1342.
[20]Yasushi Takeda.Velocity Profile Measurement by Ultrasonic Doppler Method[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,1995,10:444-453.
[21]杨媛,高勇,李福德,李广峰.基于CPLD的超声波流量计系统的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):583-587.
[22]Joel T.Parkl,Kyung-Ho Chang.Application of statistics to oil density measurement[J].Measurement,2001,30:95-103.
[23]Margaret Stautberg Greenwood,Judith Ann Bamberger.Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control[J].Ultrasonics,2002,39:623-630.
[24]黄智伟,李富英,王新辉,汪时云.油品密度的超声波测量方法[J].传感器技术,2000,19(4):47-48.
[25]唐得刚,冯新泸,罗平哑,熊刚,王海峰.一种新型超声波油料密度检测装置的设计[J].传感器技术,2005,24(9):63-64.
[26]李夏青,左丽.超声波流量计换能器的人射角及振荡频率对测量精度的影响[J].仪表技术与 传感器,2000,4:28-29.
[27]A.Piittmer,R.Luckhn,B.Henning,P.Hauptmann.Improved ultrasonic density sensor with reduced diffraction influence[J].Sensors and Actuators,1998,67:8-12.
[28]张德华,李振涛.超声波在液体测量中的几个问题[J].计量与测试技术,2003,5:10-11.
[29]苏占强.多通道连续超声波检测回波信号的处理[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[30]李广峰,刘防,高勇.超声波流量计的高精度测量技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):644-647.
[31]兰纯纯.时差法超声波流量计的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[32]李夏:苛.超声波流量计探头参数的选择[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2000,1:46-48.
[33]M.S.Greenwood,J.R.Skorpik,J.A.Bamberger,R.V.Harris.On-line ultrasonic density sensor for process control of liquids and slurries[J].Ultrasonics,1999,37:159-171.
[34]杨萍.基于DSP的超声相关流量测量系统的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2005.
[35]李锦萍,闵子建.液体超声波声速仪的研制[J].首都师范大学(自然科学版),1995,16(2):52-54.
[36]张俊.基于DSP的超声波流量计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[37]朱明洁.小管道超声波检测方法的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2005.
[38]孙长宇,陈光进,杨兰英,马昌峰.原油压缩系数实验与关联[J].化学工程,2006,34(2):29-32.
[39]Stuart J.Ball a,Anthony R.H.Goodwin b,J.P.Martin Trusler.Phase behavior and physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids from acoustic measurements[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2002,34:1-11.
[40]严大凡.输油管道设计与管理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989:195-200.
[41]B.Lagourette and J.L.Daridona.Speed of sound,density,and compressibility of petroleum fractions from ultrasonic measurements under pressure[J].J.Chem.Thermodynamics,1999,30:987-1000.
[42]康朝海.基于小波分析的输油管道泄露检测方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[43]凌建军,黄鹂,王尤富.计算超深油藏地层原油体积系数的精确公式[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(4):377-379.
[44]苏昉,谢斌,吴昆裕.石油醚在流体静高压下的超声声速、衰减、密度和绝热压缩系数[J].高压物理学报,1994,8(2):81-86.
[45]江泽涛,俞子荣,万光逵.温度对液体中超声速度的影响[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,1998,2:47-51.
[46]Perviz Sayan,Joachim Ulrich.The effect of particle size and suspension density on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity in aqueous solutions[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing,2002,41:281-287.
[47]史旭光.基于MSP430的多功能电能表研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2003.
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[2]何青.基于嵌入式系统的超声波流量计设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[3]吕霞付,舒红宇,蔡绍皙。一种高精度微量体液密度声传感器的研制[J].传感器技术,1998,17(12):1-3.
[4]Ricardo Tokio Higuti,Fla'vio Buiochi,Julio Cezar Adamowski,Francisco Montero de Espinosa.Ultrasonic density measurement cell design and simulation of non-ideal effects[J].Ultrasonics,2006,44:302-309.
[5]Margaret S.Greenwood,Judith A.Bamberger.Ultrasonic sensor to measure the density of a liquid or slurry during pipeline transport[J].Ultrasonic,2002,40:413-417.
[6]唐得刚,王海峰.浅析油品密度在线检测的几种方法[J].后勤工程学院学报,2004,4:42-45.
[7]李明,陆品.内置型全浸浮子液体密度测量法[J].石油与天然气化工,2000,29(6):319-320.
[8]张欲晓,樊尚春.液体密度传感器[J].计测技术,2006,26(1):1-3.
[9]吕霞付,蔡绍皙.液体密度动态测量用传感器[J].传感器世界,1998,4:8-13.
[10]冯正鸣,赵学红,王永洪.浮子电容式石油密度传感器的研究[J].天津大学学报,1998,31(5):694-700.
[11]黄勇.超声波液位远程监控系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[12]冯若.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2001.5.
[13]王玉辉.CPLD技术在时差法超声波流量计中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(8-2):117-119.
[14]林韶峰.基于超声波的非侵入式压力测量方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[15]吕云飞.相位差法超声流量计技术的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005.
[16]Judith Ann Bamberger,Margaret S.Greenwood.Non-invasive characterization of fluid foodstuffs based on ultrasonic measurements[J].Food Research International,2004,37:621-625.
[17]何青.基于嵌入式系统的超声波流量计设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[18]吕霞付,张崇军,王武,蔡绍皙,邓明晰.一种声表面波液体密度传感器的实验研究[J].传感器技术,1999,18(5):44-49.
[19]施文康,马伟方,侯毅.基于兰姆波技术的液体密度声传感器[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(9):1340-1342.
[20]Yasushi Takeda.Velocity Profile Measurement by Ultrasonic Doppler Method[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,1995,10:444-453.
[21]杨媛,高勇,李福德,李广峰.基于CPLD的超声波流量计系统的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):583-587.
[22]Joel T.Parkl,Kyung-Ho Chang.Application of statistics to oil density measurement[J].Measurement,2001,30:95-103.
[23]Margaret Stautberg Greenwood,Judith Ann Bamberger.Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control[J].Ultrasonics,2002,39:623-630.
[24]黄智伟,李富英,王新辉,汪时云.油品密度的超声波测量方法[J].传感器技术,2000,19(4):47-48.
[25]唐得刚,冯新泸,罗平哑,熊刚,王海峰.一种新型超声波油料密度检测装置的设计[J].传感器技术,2005,24(9):63-64.
[26]李夏青,左丽.超声波流量计换能器的人射角及振荡频率对测量精度的影响[J].仪表技术与 传感器,2000,4:28-29.
[27]A.Piittmer,R.Luckhn,B.Henning,P.Hauptmann.Improved ultrasonic density sensor with reduced diffraction influence[J].Sensors and Actuators,1998,67:8-12.
[28]张德华,李振涛.超声波在液体测量中的几个问题[J].计量与测试技术,2003,5:10-11.
[29]苏占强.多通道连续超声波检测回波信号的处理[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[30]李广峰,刘防,高勇.超声波流量计的高精度测量技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):644-647.
[31]兰纯纯.时差法超声波流量计的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[32]李夏:苛.超声波流量计探头参数的选择[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2000,1:46-48.
[33]M.S.Greenwood,J.R.Skorpik,J.A.Bamberger,R.V.Harris.On-line ultrasonic density sensor for process control of liquids and slurries[J].Ultrasonics,1999,37:159-171.
[34]杨萍.基于DSP的超声相关流量测量系统的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2005.
[35]李锦萍,闵子建.液体超声波声速仪的研制[J].首都师范大学(自然科学版),1995,16(2):52-54.
[36]张俊.基于DSP的超声波流量计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[37]朱明洁.小管道超声波检测方法的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2005.
[38]孙长宇,陈光进,杨兰英,马昌峰.原油压缩系数实验与关联[J].化学工程,2006,34(2):29-32.
[39]Stuart J.Ball a,Anthony R.H.Goodwin b,J.P.Martin Trusler.Phase behavior and physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids from acoustic measurements[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2002,34:1-11.
[40]严大凡.输油管道设计与管理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989:195-200.
[41]B.Lagourette and J.L.Daridona.Speed of sound,density,and compressibility of petroleum fractions from ultrasonic measurements under pressure[J].J.Chem.Thermodynamics,1999,30:987-1000.
[42]康朝海.基于小波分析的输油管道泄露检测方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[43]凌建军,黄鹂,王尤富.计算超深油藏地层原油体积系数的精确公式[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(4):377-379.
[44]苏昉,谢斌,吴昆裕.石油醚在流体静高压下的超声声速、衰减、密度和绝热压缩系数[J].高压物理学报,1994,8(2):81-86.
[45]江泽涛,俞子荣,万光逵.温度对液体中超声速度的影响[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,1998,2:47-51.
[46]Perviz Sayan,Joachim Ulrich.The effect of particle size and suspension density on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity in aqueous solutions[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing,2002,41:281-287.
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