基于GIS的淮南老矿区地下水环境特征及突水水源判别模型
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摘要
煤矿突水水源的正确、快速识别是矿井水害有效防治的前提条件。地理信息系统(GIS),是一个处理空间信息的高效的平台。建立基于GIS的突水水源判别模型,有助于煤矿突水水源的快速判别,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文在查阅分析国内外相关文献的基础之上,以淮南老矿区为研究对象,采用了理论分析和现场应用相结合的研究方法,系统收集并分析了老矿区多年的水文地质资料、地下水位资料和水化学资料。通过绘制主要含水层的水位变化曲线及等水位线图,分析矿区地下水的动态特征及各含水层之间的水力联系;在分析整个老矿区的水质特征基础上,以孔井为例,将SPSS软件Explore功能和GIS软件DTM分析功能结合起来,研究特征指标在各含水层之间及同一含水层内的分布规律,弄清研究区的地下水化学特征;考虑到水化学特征在不同块段上具有差异,以孔集井田为例,基于GIS建立分块段Bayes多类线性突水水源判别模型,并对模型进行回判检验和实例判别;基于GIS建立淮南老矿区地下水化学信息管理系统,便于整个老区突水相关信息的管理、使用,能够快速查询突水点相关的水化学信息、水文地质信息,为快速判别突水水源提供依据。研究表明:
(1)矿区地下水位动态变化受大气降水的控制,亦受矿井排水的影响,局部亦受淮河水位的影响;本区灰岩水具有雨季集中补给,常年消耗的特点;
(2)利用SPSS统计软件Explore功能从数值分布特征上筛选出主要突水含水层组间差异显著、判别能力强的4个水质指标,SO_4~(2-)离子浓度、TDS、pH、总硬度;利用GIS中DTM功能绘制这4个特征指标的平面等值线,结果表明特征指标值在孔井东西部具有显著差异,结合水文地质条件、采矿活动等,平面特征进行了分析;
(3)利用常规水化学指标,基于GIS建立的孔井分块段Bayes多类线性突水水源判别模型,综合反映了水文地质条件、人为采矿活动影响给水化学环境带来的影响,客观准确;经回判检验和实例判别证明该模型快速有效;
(4)基于GIS建立淮南老矿区地下水化学信息管理系统,实现对水文地质资料、常规水化学资料及突水相关资料的管理,在该系统下能够快速提供突水水源判别所需要的各种信息。
Discriminanting the source of the water-inrush exactly and quickly is the precondition of the coalmine groundwater remedy.Geography Information System (GIS)is a highly efficient platform to deal with spatial information.The establishment of GIS-based discriminating model is useful to discriminate the source the water-inrush quickly which is of great theoretical and practical significance.
After referring to many relative literature about the coalmine groundwater prevention and remedy,this article chooses the old coalfield in Huainan as the research area,adopts the methods combined the theoretical analyzing and case study,collects and analyses the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature of the past years.By plotting the water-level contours of the main aquifers,then analysis their dynamic characteristics and recharge-discharge correlations;By analysing the water characteristics of the whole old coalfield, takes Kongji mine field as an example,combines the Explore Function of SPSS and DTM Function of GIS,to study the distributing rules of the characteristic indexes among the main aquifers and inner one aquifer,in order to know the groundwater chemical characteristics;Considering the difference of groundwater chemical characteristics among units,the Bayes discriminating model of water-inrush source which reflects the different units are built,the returned results and examples discrimination results can improve its efficiency;Then created the groundwater chemical information management system of the old coalfield in Huainan based on the GIS technical which is easy to manage and use the correlative information,to inquiry the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature which can provide thereunders to the discrimination.The finally result shows:
(1)The dynamic tendency of the aquifers'water levels is controlled by rainfall, also due to the mining drainage activities,influenced by the Huai River locally; The characteristics of limestone aquifers'water level in study area is replenished concentratedly in rainy season and consumed during perennially;
(2)By using the Explore Function of SPSS,the four characteristic indexes among the main aquifers which have significantly difference and great discrimination ability can be filtrated from the numerical value distributing characteristic,they are[SO_4~(2-)]、TDS、pH、Total hardness;Combined the DTM Function of GIS,the water-level contours of the filtrated characteristic indexes are plotted to reflect the spatial characteristic of groundwater chemical,then combined the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical conditions and mining activities to explain the differences between the west and east area;
(3)The GIS-based multiclass linear discriminating model of water-inrush source of different units in Kongji mine field which uses the general water chemical indexes can reflect the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical conditions and the influence to water chemical environment by mining activities,impersonally and exactly;By the returned result inspection and examples discrimination results, the effect are better;
(4)The groundwater chemical information management system of the old coalfield in Huainan based on the GIS technical which can easily manage the correlative information of the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature,to inquiry many kinds of information correlated with the discrimination.
本文在查阅分析国内外相关文献的基础之上,以淮南老矿区为研究对象,采用了理论分析和现场应用相结合的研究方法,系统收集并分析了老矿区多年的水文地质资料、地下水位资料和水化学资料。通过绘制主要含水层的水位变化曲线及等水位线图,分析矿区地下水的动态特征及各含水层之间的水力联系;在分析整个老矿区的水质特征基础上,以孔井为例,将SPSS软件Explore功能和GIS软件DTM分析功能结合起来,研究特征指标在各含水层之间及同一含水层内的分布规律,弄清研究区的地下水化学特征;考虑到水化学特征在不同块段上具有差异,以孔集井田为例,基于GIS建立分块段Bayes多类线性突水水源判别模型,并对模型进行回判检验和实例判别;基于GIS建立淮南老矿区地下水化学信息管理系统,便于整个老区突水相关信息的管理、使用,能够快速查询突水点相关的水化学信息、水文地质信息,为快速判别突水水源提供依据。研究表明:
(1)矿区地下水位动态变化受大气降水的控制,亦受矿井排水的影响,局部亦受淮河水位的影响;本区灰岩水具有雨季集中补给,常年消耗的特点;
(2)利用SPSS统计软件Explore功能从数值分布特征上筛选出主要突水含水层组间差异显著、判别能力强的4个水质指标,SO_4~(2-)离子浓度、TDS、pH、总硬度;利用GIS中DTM功能绘制这4个特征指标的平面等值线,结果表明特征指标值在孔井东西部具有显著差异,结合水文地质条件、采矿活动等,平面特征进行了分析;
(3)利用常规水化学指标,基于GIS建立的孔井分块段Bayes多类线性突水水源判别模型,综合反映了水文地质条件、人为采矿活动影响给水化学环境带来的影响,客观准确;经回判检验和实例判别证明该模型快速有效;
(4)基于GIS建立淮南老矿区地下水化学信息管理系统,实现对水文地质资料、常规水化学资料及突水相关资料的管理,在该系统下能够快速提供突水水源判别所需要的各种信息。
Discriminanting the source of the water-inrush exactly and quickly is the precondition of the coalmine groundwater remedy.Geography Information System (GIS)is a highly efficient platform to deal with spatial information.The establishment of GIS-based discriminating model is useful to discriminate the source the water-inrush quickly which is of great theoretical and practical significance.
After referring to many relative literature about the coalmine groundwater prevention and remedy,this article chooses the old coalfield in Huainan as the research area,adopts the methods combined the theoretical analyzing and case study,collects and analyses the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature of the past years.By plotting the water-level contours of the main aquifers,then analysis their dynamic characteristics and recharge-discharge correlations;By analysing the water characteristics of the whole old coalfield, takes Kongji mine field as an example,combines the Explore Function of SPSS and DTM Function of GIS,to study the distributing rules of the characteristic indexes among the main aquifers and inner one aquifer,in order to know the groundwater chemical characteristics;Considering the difference of groundwater chemical characteristics among units,the Bayes discriminating model of water-inrush source which reflects the different units are built,the returned results and examples discrimination results can improve its efficiency;Then created the groundwater chemical information management system of the old coalfield in Huainan based on the GIS technical which is easy to manage and use the correlative information,to inquiry the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature which can provide thereunders to the discrimination.The finally result shows:
(1)The dynamic tendency of the aquifers'water levels is controlled by rainfall, also due to the mining drainage activities,influenced by the Huai River locally; The characteristics of limestone aquifers'water level in study area is replenished concentratedly in rainy season and consumed during perennially;
(2)By using the Explore Function of SPSS,the four characteristic indexes among the main aquifers which have significantly difference and great discrimination ability can be filtrated from the numerical value distributing characteristic,they are[SO_4~(2-)]、TDS、pH、Total hardness;Combined the DTM Function of GIS,the water-level contours of the filtrated characteristic indexes are plotted to reflect the spatial characteristic of groundwater chemical,then combined the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical conditions and mining activities to explain the differences between the west and east area;
(3)The GIS-based multiclass linear discriminating model of water-inrush source of different units in Kongji mine field which uses the general water chemical indexes can reflect the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical conditions and the influence to water chemical environment by mining activities,impersonally and exactly;By the returned result inspection and examples discrimination results, the effect are better;
(4)The groundwater chemical information management system of the old coalfield in Huainan based on the GIS technical which can easily manage the correlative information of the hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and water chemical literature,to inquiry many kinds of information correlated with the discrimination.
引文
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