极性冷分子静电表面导引新方案的理论研究
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摘要
由于冷分子可用于基本物理问题的研究、基本物理常数的精密测量、高分辨激光光谱和精密测量、冷化学反应和冷碰撞、分子物质波的干涉、量子计算和量子信息处理等许多领域,所以关于冷分子物理与分子光学的研究不仅有着重要的科学意义,而且有着广阔的应用前景。近几年,有关冷分子的产生、操控及其应用研究得到了快速发展。本文首先介绍了中性分子的操控原理、实验结果及其最新进展。其次,提出并研究了极性冷分子在芯片表面导引的两种方案;最后,就本文的研究工作进行了简单总结和展望。
本文提出了采用三根载荷长直导线实现极性分子表面导引的方案。我们计算了静电场分布,以CO为例计算了相应的斯塔克势分布。同时详细分析了导引中心位置y_0与几何参数(b和r_0)、电压参数(U_1和U_2)之间的依赖关系,并且研究了过导引中心的空间电场分布与几何参数的依赖关系。研究发现:导引中心的位置不仅受几何参数的影响,而且改变电压也可方便地调整导引中心的位置,这样可以更方便有效地操纵与控制势阱中的冷分子。用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了分子导引的动力学过程,计算并模拟了直导引、弯曲导引效率,给出了导引后的速度分布。
本文又提出了用四根载荷导线在芯片表面实现极性冷分子的另一方案。类似地,我们计算了芯片表面的空间电场强度分布,以CO为例计算了相应的斯塔克势分布,分析了静电导引系统的不同几何参数以及电压和电场强度间的关系,可以改变电压也可方便调整导引中心的位置,这样可以更方便有效地操纵与控制势阱中的冷分子。接着,计算并蒙特卡罗模拟了冷分子直导引、弯曲导引的效率,并研究了分子静电导引的动力学过程。我们的研究表明:绝缘介质表面产生的空心静电导管可以沿着z方向导引弱场搜寻态的极性分子。此外,我们提出的两种导引方案都可以用来构建各种不同的分子光学器件:例如分子漏斗,分子存储环、分子分束器和分子干涉仪等。因此,我们的表面导引方案在冷分子物理,分子光学,冷分子光谱学,冷化学,量子计算等领域中有更重要的潜在应用。
Cold molecules have some important applications in high-resolution spectroscopy and precise measurement, cold chemical reaction and cold collisions, interferometer of matter wave, and quantum computing and information possessing and so on. Recently, the study of generation, controlling, guiding and application of cold molecules has obtained fast development. In this thesis, firstly, the principle, experiment and recent progress on controlling and guiding of neutral molecules are briefly reviewed. Secondly, we perform the theoretical study on two new schemes to realize electrostatic surface guiding for cold polar molecules. Finally, our research work is summarized and some future investigations are briefly looked ahead.
We propose a novel scheme to guide and funnel cold polar molecules on the surface of an insulating substrate (i.e. a molecular chip) using an electrostatic field generated by the combination of three parallel charged wires. We calculate the spatial distributions of the electric fields from the above charged-wire layout and their Stark potential for cold CO molecules, and analyze the relationships between the electric field and the geometric parameters of our charged-wire system. Also, we calculate and study the straight and bent guiding efficiency of cold polar molecules (including the guiding efficiency in our molecular funnel) by Monte Carlo simulation. Our study shows that the proposed novel charged-wire scheme can be used to realize the controllable surface guiding of cold polar molecules in the weak-field-seeking state on a chip, and form various integrated molecular optical elements, even to generate acw cold molecular beam on a chip.
We also propose another controllable surface guiding scheme for cold polarmolecules by using four charged wires embedded in the substrate, and calculate the spatial distributions of the electrostatic field from our four charged-wire layout and the Stark potential for cold CO molecules. We analyze the relationships between the maximum trapping electric field (including the efficient well depth) and the system parameters, and study the straight and bent guiding efficiencies of cold polar molecules in the week-field-seeking state by using a simple theoretical model and Monte-Carlo simulation. Also, the transverse and longitudinal velocity distributions of the output guided molecular beam are simulated. Our study shows that the proposed four-wire scheme can be used to realize the manipulation and control of cold polar molecules in our surface guide on a chip and form a variety of molecule optics elements, our study have some important applications in cold chemical reaction and cold collision, interferometer of matter wave, and quantum computing and information possessing and so on.
本文提出了采用三根载荷长直导线实现极性分子表面导引的方案。我们计算了静电场分布,以CO为例计算了相应的斯塔克势分布。同时详细分析了导引中心位置y_0与几何参数(b和r_0)、电压参数(U_1和U_2)之间的依赖关系,并且研究了过导引中心的空间电场分布与几何参数的依赖关系。研究发现:导引中心的位置不仅受几何参数的影响,而且改变电压也可方便地调整导引中心的位置,这样可以更方便有效地操纵与控制势阱中的冷分子。用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了分子导引的动力学过程,计算并模拟了直导引、弯曲导引效率,给出了导引后的速度分布。
本文又提出了用四根载荷导线在芯片表面实现极性冷分子的另一方案。类似地,我们计算了芯片表面的空间电场强度分布,以CO为例计算了相应的斯塔克势分布,分析了静电导引系统的不同几何参数以及电压和电场强度间的关系,可以改变电压也可方便调整导引中心的位置,这样可以更方便有效地操纵与控制势阱中的冷分子。接着,计算并蒙特卡罗模拟了冷分子直导引、弯曲导引的效率,并研究了分子静电导引的动力学过程。我们的研究表明:绝缘介质表面产生的空心静电导管可以沿着z方向导引弱场搜寻态的极性分子。此外,我们提出的两种导引方案都可以用来构建各种不同的分子光学器件:例如分子漏斗,分子存储环、分子分束器和分子干涉仪等。因此,我们的表面导引方案在冷分子物理,分子光学,冷分子光谱学,冷化学,量子计算等领域中有更重要的潜在应用。
Cold molecules have some important applications in high-resolution spectroscopy and precise measurement, cold chemical reaction and cold collisions, interferometer of matter wave, and quantum computing and information possessing and so on. Recently, the study of generation, controlling, guiding and application of cold molecules has obtained fast development. In this thesis, firstly, the principle, experiment and recent progress on controlling and guiding of neutral molecules are briefly reviewed. Secondly, we perform the theoretical study on two new schemes to realize electrostatic surface guiding for cold polar molecules. Finally, our research work is summarized and some future investigations are briefly looked ahead.
We propose a novel scheme to guide and funnel cold polar molecules on the surface of an insulating substrate (i.e. a molecular chip) using an electrostatic field generated by the combination of three parallel charged wires. We calculate the spatial distributions of the electric fields from the above charged-wire layout and their Stark potential for cold CO molecules, and analyze the relationships between the electric field and the geometric parameters of our charged-wire system. Also, we calculate and study the straight and bent guiding efficiency of cold polar molecules (including the guiding efficiency in our molecular funnel) by Monte Carlo simulation. Our study shows that the proposed novel charged-wire scheme can be used to realize the controllable surface guiding of cold polar molecules in the weak-field-seeking state on a chip, and form various integrated molecular optical elements, even to generate acw cold molecular beam on a chip.
We also propose another controllable surface guiding scheme for cold polarmolecules by using four charged wires embedded in the substrate, and calculate the spatial distributions of the electrostatic field from our four charged-wire layout and the Stark potential for cold CO molecules. We analyze the relationships between the maximum trapping electric field (including the efficient well depth) and the system parameters, and study the straight and bent guiding efficiencies of cold polar molecules in the week-field-seeking state by using a simple theoretical model and Monte-Carlo simulation. Also, the transverse and longitudinal velocity distributions of the output guided molecular beam are simulated. Our study shows that the proposed four-wire scheme can be used to realize the manipulation and control of cold polar molecules in our surface guide on a chip and form a variety of molecule optics elements, our study have some important applications in cold chemical reaction and cold collision, interferometer of matter wave, and quantum computing and information possessing and so on.
引文
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