第三方冷链物流企业物流系统的规划与评价研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和信息技术的发展,现代物流在经济发展中的作用日益突出,物流业的市场竞争也逐渐加剧。未来物流行业将出现两大发展趋势:一是第三方物流企业迅速增加;二是物流市场的竞争加剧将导致专业分工加快,需求的专业化带来市场的细分化。物流企业将会朝着更加专业化,更加效率化的方向发展,从而逐步形成产品线与产品线、供应链与供应链竞争的局面。冷链第三方物流企业的出现就是现代物流在向着专业化的方向发展而诞生的。它是指冷链第三方物流企业利用现代技术设备和信息技术手段,为客户提供产品的冷藏、冷冻、仓储、运输、配送、包装、加工、多式联运等以及其它一系列增值服务。其服务对象主要是FMCG(快消品)和医疗医药行业等对温度控制有特殊要求的客户。近年来,随着生活水平的提高和人们消费习惯的改变以及对食品安全追求意识的提高,冷链物流日渐趋热,成为当今经济发展中极具潜力和空间的朝阳产业,对冷链第三方物流企业的运营规划和设计也日益成为人们研究的焦点。
本文以冷链物流的研究背景以及国内外冷链物流的研究现状为出发点,阐述了研究冷链物流的重要意义,并对冷链物流系统的相关概念进行了介绍。接着对冷链物流系统的整体规划的意义和目的以及对冷链第三方物流企业的物流规划的内容进行了探讨。本文将对冷链物流企业的整体规划分为客户服务目标规划、冷链物流网络规划、信息化建设以及评价体系建立四大块内容进行研究,从而确立了整个论文的研究框架。其中,文章的研究重点是冷链物流系统的网络规划。在研究中,我们除对冷链物流对象进行了需求规划、仓储规划还引入了物流规划的三阶段递归模型,对冷链物流系统中的配送中心选址问题、配送路径安排问题以及服务分配问题进行建模及求解。最后,在完成理论框架的构建后,本文还通过了两个较大的案例,对大型卖场的冷链物流流程进行了详细的剖析,介绍了冷链物流信息管理技术在光明乳业的冷链物流中的应用,并对冷链物流的未来发展方向作了展望。
本文通过对第三方冷链物流企业的冷链规划和研究表明:冷链物流是一项复杂的系统工程,它需要供应链各环节之间的高度配合、高度协调。因此我们在对每一个关键环节或子系统进行规划时,并不一定是选让其达到最高效率为最佳选择,还要注意让其与整体物流规划过程中的其他组成部分相互平衡,才能最终达到冷链物流系统的整体最优;在对冷链物流系统各环节进行具体规划时,要将由冷流物流对象的特殊性而产生的影响因素(或者可以称为干扰因素)考虑在内;冷链物流由于其运营成本较高,在完善的冷链系统建立的初期,国内冷链物流企业将更多的通过与海外成熟的冷链企业合作和建立冷链物流联盟这两种形式,寻求自身的发展。
With the development of economic globalization and information technology, modern logistics plays a more and more important role in economic activities and the competition of logistics is increasing. The future logistics has two trends: one is the increase of 3PL Enterprise; another is that competition of logistics market will lead to the division of profession and market. Logistics corporations will become more professional, more efficient and generally form the competition among production lines and supply chains. The cool chain 3PL Enterprise, born with modern logistics developing to profession, is using modern facilities and information to supply customers with freezing, cold storage, storage, transportation, delivering, packing, manufacturing, many-lines transportation and other series of increment service. Its service targets mainly come from the customers in the field of FMCG and medicine which have special demanding to temperature controlling. In the recent years, with the elevation of living standard, changing of people's consumptive habits and enhancement of the awareness that people begin to focus on the safety of food, cool chain tends to be popular and becomes the potential industry in the social and economic development. Besides, the operation layout and design to the cool chain logistics also become the focal point of research.
Starting from the research background of cool chain logistics and research situation of cool chain logistics in China and other foreign countries, the thesis expounds the importance of researching cool chain logistics and introduces the related concepts of logistics. Then the thesis discusses the significance and purpose of programming of cool chain logistics, and the content of programming to the cool chain 3PL Enterprise. The thesis divides the programming of cool chain 3PL Enterprise into four parts: programming of target for customers' service, programming of network of cool chain logistics, information construction and evaluation system, which builds up the research framework of the whole thesis. The emphasis of the research is the network programming of system of cool chain logistics. In the course of research, programs are made for the object of cool chain logistics and three-stages recursion models of logistics programming are introduced into the storage programming. Moreover, modeling and solution are made to the problems of choosing places for delivering in the system of cool chain logistics, arranging for delivering path and distributing service. At last, after the construction of framework of theory, the thesis makes a detailed analysis to the process of cool chain logistics of big marketplace and introduces the application of technology of information management in the cool chain logistics of Bright Milk Corporation through two big cases. In addition, the thesis makes expectation to the future development of cool chain logistics and puts forward the suggestions for future research.
After programming and research for 3PL cool chain logistics, the thesis indicates that cool chain logistics is a sophisticated and systematic project, which requires high cooperation and high harmony of all courses. Therefore, it's not necessary to regard the highest efficiency of programming each course or its subsystems as the best selection. The best system of cool chain logistics can be gained when the balance of each course and other parts of whole programming of logistics is achieved. In the process of programming all the courses of system of cool chain logistics, the influencing factors produced by the peculiarity of objects of cool chain logistics should be taken into consideration. At the beginning of complete establishment of the system of cool chain, due to the high cost of operation of cool chain logistics, domestic enterprises of cool chain logistics will seek for development through the forms of cooperating with foreign enterprises of cool chain and building up union of cool chain logistics.
本文以冷链物流的研究背景以及国内外冷链物流的研究现状为出发点,阐述了研究冷链物流的重要意义,并对冷链物流系统的相关概念进行了介绍。接着对冷链物流系统的整体规划的意义和目的以及对冷链第三方物流企业的物流规划的内容进行了探讨。本文将对冷链物流企业的整体规划分为客户服务目标规划、冷链物流网络规划、信息化建设以及评价体系建立四大块内容进行研究,从而确立了整个论文的研究框架。其中,文章的研究重点是冷链物流系统的网络规划。在研究中,我们除对冷链物流对象进行了需求规划、仓储规划还引入了物流规划的三阶段递归模型,对冷链物流系统中的配送中心选址问题、配送路径安排问题以及服务分配问题进行建模及求解。最后,在完成理论框架的构建后,本文还通过了两个较大的案例,对大型卖场的冷链物流流程进行了详细的剖析,介绍了冷链物流信息管理技术在光明乳业的冷链物流中的应用,并对冷链物流的未来发展方向作了展望。
本文通过对第三方冷链物流企业的冷链规划和研究表明:冷链物流是一项复杂的系统工程,它需要供应链各环节之间的高度配合、高度协调。因此我们在对每一个关键环节或子系统进行规划时,并不一定是选让其达到最高效率为最佳选择,还要注意让其与整体物流规划过程中的其他组成部分相互平衡,才能最终达到冷链物流系统的整体最优;在对冷链物流系统各环节进行具体规划时,要将由冷流物流对象的特殊性而产生的影响因素(或者可以称为干扰因素)考虑在内;冷链物流由于其运营成本较高,在完善的冷链系统建立的初期,国内冷链物流企业将更多的通过与海外成熟的冷链企业合作和建立冷链物流联盟这两种形式,寻求自身的发展。
With the development of economic globalization and information technology, modern logistics plays a more and more important role in economic activities and the competition of logistics is increasing. The future logistics has two trends: one is the increase of 3PL Enterprise; another is that competition of logistics market will lead to the division of profession and market. Logistics corporations will become more professional, more efficient and generally form the competition among production lines and supply chains. The cool chain 3PL Enterprise, born with modern logistics developing to profession, is using modern facilities and information to supply customers with freezing, cold storage, storage, transportation, delivering, packing, manufacturing, many-lines transportation and other series of increment service. Its service targets mainly come from the customers in the field of FMCG and medicine which have special demanding to temperature controlling. In the recent years, with the elevation of living standard, changing of people's consumptive habits and enhancement of the awareness that people begin to focus on the safety of food, cool chain tends to be popular and becomes the potential industry in the social and economic development. Besides, the operation layout and design to the cool chain logistics also become the focal point of research.
Starting from the research background of cool chain logistics and research situation of cool chain logistics in China and other foreign countries, the thesis expounds the importance of researching cool chain logistics and introduces the related concepts of logistics. Then the thesis discusses the significance and purpose of programming of cool chain logistics, and the content of programming to the cool chain 3PL Enterprise. The thesis divides the programming of cool chain 3PL Enterprise into four parts: programming of target for customers' service, programming of network of cool chain logistics, information construction and evaluation system, which builds up the research framework of the whole thesis. The emphasis of the research is the network programming of system of cool chain logistics. In the course of research, programs are made for the object of cool chain logistics and three-stages recursion models of logistics programming are introduced into the storage programming. Moreover, modeling and solution are made to the problems of choosing places for delivering in the system of cool chain logistics, arranging for delivering path and distributing service. At last, after the construction of framework of theory, the thesis makes a detailed analysis to the process of cool chain logistics of big marketplace and introduces the application of technology of information management in the cool chain logistics of Bright Milk Corporation through two big cases. In addition, the thesis makes expectation to the future development of cool chain logistics and puts forward the suggestions for future research.
After programming and research for 3PL cool chain logistics, the thesis indicates that cool chain logistics is a sophisticated and systematic project, which requires high cooperation and high harmony of all courses. Therefore, it's not necessary to regard the highest efficiency of programming each course or its subsystems as the best selection. The best system of cool chain logistics can be gained when the balance of each course and other parts of whole programming of logistics is achieved. In the process of programming all the courses of system of cool chain logistics, the influencing factors produced by the peculiarity of objects of cool chain logistics should be taken into consideration. At the beginning of complete establishment of the system of cool chain, due to the high cost of operation of cool chain logistics, domestic enterprises of cool chain logistics will seek for development through the forms of cooperating with foreign enterprises of cool chain and building up union of cool chain logistics.
引文
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[2]方昕.中国食品冷链的现状与思考,《物流技术与应用》,(2004)11月第9期
[3]冷链物流,中关村数字物流港,2005年07月22日,www.dlh.com.cn/DLHWeb/contentmanagement/mana_publish/publ_article/data/2005-07/2181.jsp
[4]安心.冷链物流,《物流时代》,2005年05期
[5]物流管理研究室 《我国冷藏物流市场现状及发展趋势》,2004年6月
[6]苏秀瑾.《食品冷链的物流规划研究》,2005年05月01日
[7]李冰茹.我国水果业的发展应走产业化之路,《经济与管理》,2003年12期
[8]钟秀安.发展生鲜商品经营,《中国商贸》,1998年14期
[9]董维忠.《物流系统规划与设计》,电子工业出版社,2006年6月
[10]吴清一主编.《现代物流概论》,中国物资出版社,2003.11.
[11]刘伟,刘国宁主编,《现代物流》,中国言实出版社,2005年1月;
[12](美)唐纳德.J.鲍尔索可斯,戴维.J.克老斯《.物流管理供应链过程一体化》林国龙,宋柏,沙梅译.机械工业出版社
[13]伍云飞 刘婷。以供应链管理提高企业竞争力,《计算机技术与自动化》,2005年02期
[14]胡文娅.第三方物流企业的客户服务,《中国储运》,2005年06期
[15]胡列格 何其超 盛玉奎 编著,刘中主审,《物流运筹学》,电子工业出版社,2005年8月
[16]Ronald H.Ballou,Business Logistics Management---Planning,Organizing and Controlling the Supply Chain,Prentice-Hall,International,Inc.,1998
[17]吴清一主编.《物流管理》,中国物资出版社,2003.11.
[18]Owen,S.H.& Daskin,M.S.Strategic Facility Location:A Review.European Journal of Operational Research,1998,111:423-447
[19]张静刘鲁.“选址一路线”问题的建模与算法研究,《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》,2002.03:33-37
[20]Andreas-Klose.A branch and bound algorithm for an uncapacitated facility problem with a side constraint[J].International Transactions in Operational Research,1998,(2):155-168.
[21]余福茂 肖亮 著《动态物流联盟+系统规划技术研究》,航空工业出版社,2005年12月,109-110
[22]王栋 索志林 李海成 施喜军 于兴业.生鲜农产品配送中心选址研究,《农村经济与科技》,2006.06:24-25
[23]朱永升 韩伯棠 夏平 李振键.交通限制条件下城市物流配送路线优化选择,《武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)》,2004.03:
[24]邹旭东 郑四发 班学钢等.具有交通限制约束的道路网络最优路径算法,《公路交通科技》,2002(8):82-84
[25]宋柏.物流系统单个设施的定点决策方法,《集装箱化》,2000(7):5-8
[26]蔡淑琴,夏火松 编著.《物流信息与信息系统》,电子工业出版社,2005年08月:127-129
[27]郑志军 资道根 编著.《物流信息管理实务》,海天出版社,2005年10月:10-14
[28]Douglas M.Lambert,Sebastian J.Garcia-Dastugue,Keely L.Croxton,An evaluation of process-oriented supply chain management Frameworks,Journal of Business Logistics,2005(1):25-51.
[29]Christopher R.Moberg,Thomas W.Speh,Evaluating the relationship between questionable business practices and the strength of supply chain relationships,Journal of Business Logistics,2003(2):1-19.
[30]Dickson,G.W,An analysis of vendor selection systems and decision,Journal of Purchasing 2(1966):5-11
[31]马雪芬,刘易勇,孙树栋,吴秀丽,供应链管理环境下第三方物流企业的评价选择[J],《计算机工程与应用》,2003年02期:P7-9;
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