TD-SCDMA系统的慢速动态信道分配技术研究
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摘要
TD-SCDMA是由我国提出的拥有自主知识产权的第三代移动通信标准,其研发一直受到国家的高度重视,很多关键技术已成为国内外研究的热点。动态信道分配(DCA, Dynamic Channel Allocation)是其核心技术之一,优秀的DCA算法可以充分发挥TD-SCDMA系统资源分配灵活的特点,在对称和非对称的3G综合业务中获得最佳资源利用率。
本文在TD-SCDMA技术特性和国内外DCA算法研究基础上,对适用于TD-SCDMA系统的DCA技术进行了研究。在双小区和多小区模型下,分别通过理论计算求得了各种情况下小区的信噪比和小区系统容量,并进行了仿真实验;利用理论结果改进了一种适于TD-SCDMA系统的,以系统容量最大化为优化目标,同时兼顾重负荷小区容量最大化的时隙上下行分配算法;对改进算法进行了计算机仿真,并与不使用交叉时隙的最优算法和改进前的算法进行了对比分析。理论分析与仿真结果表明,本文提出的慢速DCA改进方案与改进前算法比较更能准确的反映出系统的情况,改进的算法在性能方面优于不使用交叉时隙的最优算法,提高了信道利用率,特别是提升了热点小区的系统容量,改善了系统的性能,保障了系统的服务质量。
本文的工作和成果对TD-SCDMA系统慢速DCA技术的研究具有参考价值。
The TD-SCDMA Mobile Communication System as the first Chinese self-owned intellectual property rights International Telecom Standard. It adopts smart antenna, joint detection and synchronous CDMA and other advanced technologies which gives the system higher performance and frequency utilization efficiency. By using these advanced technologies, we solves various problems. It received a universal attention in the international organization. TD-SCDMA as a mobile system which has the characteristic of CDMA, has a reliable and efficient radio resource management to guarantee its performance and capacity. Compared with FDD system, it adopts smart antenna, multi-detection, synchronous and special frame structure in physical layer. It needs not only a maximum enhancement of system resource utilization, but also a harmonization of all kinds of resources. There are various radio resources of TD-SCDMA system including code, frequency, timeslot, power and space. So the complicated radio resource management strategy and the dynamic channel assignment algorithms are important. The TD-SCDMA systems can flexible adapt its up/down link switching point according to different traffic proportion. It brings a big challenge to dynamic channel assignment algorithms.
Usually the DCA can be divided into Slow-DCA and Fast-DCA.The Slow-DCA scheme is used to allocate and adjust radio resource for every cell in order to confirm the proportion between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL).The Fast-DCA scheme is used to allocate radio resource for the user applying for connection and adjust the resource based on system state.
In this paper, we systematic discuss the dynamic channel assignment algorithms base on the TD-SCDMA system radio resource management strategy. Firstly, by using theoretical calculation, we get SNR and the capacity of the cell both in the two-cell model and the multi-cell model. We put the results into simulation. Since proportion between the time slots and portfolio matches is almost the same, the capability losing costed by the limited of unilateralism resource is less and the service transmission adaptability will be better, the proportion of time slots in UL/DL and the switching point can be confirmed. At the same time, because of different condition of the cell, we need to distinguish the cell which is under heavy traffic from the cell which is under little traffic. The cell which is under heavy traffic need to ensure QoS and should consider firstly. In this paper ,we use the theoretical calculation, which is both in the two-cell model and the multi-cell model, to improve an algorithm which is suit for TD-SCDMA system. The algorithm’s aim is to max the capacity of the system by considering the cell which is under heavy traffic firstly.
In this paper, we use computer to simulate the Slow DCA algorithm. Compare it with the former algorithm, the result shows that the improved algorithm is more suitable for the system than the former algorithm, because the capacity of time slot is got by theoretical calculation. Compare the improved algorithm with the algorithm which does not use crossd time slot, we find that the improved algorithm is better than the non-crossed-time-slot algorithm in the performance. The improved algorithm the capacity of the cell, ensure the QoS and better the performance. Especially when it applies to the heavy-traffic cell, the improved algorithm can increase the capacity by 27 percent. It shows that the improved algorithm is effective.
Certainly the results of this paper are provided for the further research on the DCA of TD-SCDMA.
本文在TD-SCDMA技术特性和国内外DCA算法研究基础上,对适用于TD-SCDMA系统的DCA技术进行了研究。在双小区和多小区模型下,分别通过理论计算求得了各种情况下小区的信噪比和小区系统容量,并进行了仿真实验;利用理论结果改进了一种适于TD-SCDMA系统的,以系统容量最大化为优化目标,同时兼顾重负荷小区容量最大化的时隙上下行分配算法;对改进算法进行了计算机仿真,并与不使用交叉时隙的最优算法和改进前的算法进行了对比分析。理论分析与仿真结果表明,本文提出的慢速DCA改进方案与改进前算法比较更能准确的反映出系统的情况,改进的算法在性能方面优于不使用交叉时隙的最优算法,提高了信道利用率,特别是提升了热点小区的系统容量,改善了系统的性能,保障了系统的服务质量。
本文的工作和成果对TD-SCDMA系统慢速DCA技术的研究具有参考价值。
The TD-SCDMA Mobile Communication System as the first Chinese self-owned intellectual property rights International Telecom Standard. It adopts smart antenna, joint detection and synchronous CDMA and other advanced technologies which gives the system higher performance and frequency utilization efficiency. By using these advanced technologies, we solves various problems. It received a universal attention in the international organization. TD-SCDMA as a mobile system which has the characteristic of CDMA, has a reliable and efficient radio resource management to guarantee its performance and capacity. Compared with FDD system, it adopts smart antenna, multi-detection, synchronous and special frame structure in physical layer. It needs not only a maximum enhancement of system resource utilization, but also a harmonization of all kinds of resources. There are various radio resources of TD-SCDMA system including code, frequency, timeslot, power and space. So the complicated radio resource management strategy and the dynamic channel assignment algorithms are important. The TD-SCDMA systems can flexible adapt its up/down link switching point according to different traffic proportion. It brings a big challenge to dynamic channel assignment algorithms.
Usually the DCA can be divided into Slow-DCA and Fast-DCA.The Slow-DCA scheme is used to allocate and adjust radio resource for every cell in order to confirm the proportion between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL).The Fast-DCA scheme is used to allocate radio resource for the user applying for connection and adjust the resource based on system state.
In this paper, we systematic discuss the dynamic channel assignment algorithms base on the TD-SCDMA system radio resource management strategy. Firstly, by using theoretical calculation, we get SNR and the capacity of the cell both in the two-cell model and the multi-cell model. We put the results into simulation. Since proportion between the time slots and portfolio matches is almost the same, the capability losing costed by the limited of unilateralism resource is less and the service transmission adaptability will be better, the proportion of time slots in UL/DL and the switching point can be confirmed. At the same time, because of different condition of the cell, we need to distinguish the cell which is under heavy traffic from the cell which is under little traffic. The cell which is under heavy traffic need to ensure QoS and should consider firstly. In this paper ,we use the theoretical calculation, which is both in the two-cell model and the multi-cell model, to improve an algorithm which is suit for TD-SCDMA system. The algorithm’s aim is to max the capacity of the system by considering the cell which is under heavy traffic firstly.
In this paper, we use computer to simulate the Slow DCA algorithm. Compare it with the former algorithm, the result shows that the improved algorithm is more suitable for the system than the former algorithm, because the capacity of time slot is got by theoretical calculation. Compare the improved algorithm with the algorithm which does not use crossd time slot, we find that the improved algorithm is better than the non-crossed-time-slot algorithm in the performance. The improved algorithm the capacity of the cell, ensure the QoS and better the performance. Especially when it applies to the heavy-traffic cell, the improved algorithm can increase the capacity by 27 percent. It shows that the improved algorithm is effective.
Certainly the results of this paper are provided for the further research on the DCA of TD-SCDMA.
引文
[1] 李世鹤.TD-SCDMA 第三代移动通信系统标准.北京:人民邮电出版社.2003.
[2] M.Haardt, A.Klein, Reinhard Koehn. The TD-CDMA Based UTRA TDD Mode. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(8):1375-1384.
[3] D.G..Jeong, W.S.Jeon. CDMA/TDD System for Wireless Multimedia Services with Traffic Unbalance Between Uplink and Downlink. IEEE Journal in Selected Areas in Communications. 1999,17(5):939-946.
[4]J.W.Zhang, W.B.Wang, A Dynamic Channel Allocation Algorithm in TDD Mode CDMA Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001, Atlantic City, USA:385-388.
[5] I.Katzela, M.Naghshineh. Channel Assignment Schemes for Cellular Mobile Telecommunication System: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Personal Communication. 1996,(6):10-31.
[6] 周寰. TD-SCDMA-第三代移动通信技术. 移动通信. 2001,(5):9-12.
[7] 广东杰赛通信规划设计院. TD-SCDMA 规划设计手册. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[8] Wha.Sook.1eon,D.G.Jeong.Comparison of Time Slot Allocation Strategy for CDMA/TDD System.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(7):1271~1278.
[9] L.Jorguseski, E.Fledderus, J.Farserotu. Radio Resource Allocation in Third-Generation Mobile Communication System. IEEE Communication Magazine. 2001,(2):117-123
[10] H.Holma, G.Poverty, A.Toskala. Evaluation of Interference between Uplink and Downlink in UTRA TDD Mode. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:2616-2620.
[11] H.Hass, G.Poverty. The Effect of Adjacent Channel Interference on Capacity in Hybird TDMA/CDMA-TDD System using UTRA-TDD Parameters. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:1086-1090.
[12] H.Holma, S.Heikkinen, O.Lehtinen, A.Toskala. Interference Consideration for the Time Division Duplex Mode of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(8):1386-1392.
[13] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Time Slot Allocation in CDMA/TDD Systems for Mobile Multimedia Services. IEEE Communications Letters. 2000,4(2):59-61.
[14] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Capacity of CDMA/TDD System for Mobile Multimedia Services. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:2616-2620.
[15] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Comparison of Time Slot Allocation Strategy for CDMA/TDD System. IEEE Journalon Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(7):1271~1278.
[16] H.Yomo, A.Nakata, S.Hara. An efficient Slot Allocation Algorithm to Accommcdate Multimedia Traffic in CDMA/TDD-Based Wireless Communication System. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001,Atlantic City, USA:787-791.
[17] H.Yomo, S.Hara. An Up-link/Down-link Asymmetric Slot Allocation in CDMA/TDD-Based Wireless Multimedia Communications Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001,Atlantic City, USA:797-801.
[18] H.Haas, S.Mclaughlin. A Novel Channel Assignment Approach in TDMA/CDMA-TDD System. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC). San Diego, CA, USA:142-146.
[19] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Voice and Data Integrated TDMA Mobile Radio. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC). 1996,Taiwan: 213-217.
[20] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Asymmetric Traffic in Multimedia TDMA/TDD Mobile Radio. IEICE Transactions on Fundamental. 1998,E81(7):1358-1366.
[21] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Asymmetric Traffic in Voice/Data Integrated TDMA/TDD Mobile Radio. International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing(ICICS). 1997,Singapore:215-219
[22] S.Park, M.Kim. An Enhanced Adaptive Time Slot Assignment Using Access Statistics in TD/CDMA TDD System. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001, Rhodes, Greece:511-516.
[23] J.M.Jacobsmeyer. Congestion Relief on Power-Control CDMA Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1996,14(12):758-761.
[24] L.Ding, S.Lehnert, Erlang Capacity of a Voice/Data Cellular CDMA Uplink System Using Prioritized Admission Control and Adaptive Power Control. International Journal of Wireless Information Network. 2001,8(1):1-14.
[25] M.J.Foscher, T.C.Harris. A Model for Evaluating the Performance of an Integrated Circuitand Packet-Switched Multiples Structure. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1976,24(2):195-202.
[26] G.F.Williams, A.Leon-Garcia. Performance Analysis of Integrated Voice and Data Hybird-Switched Links. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1984,32(6):695-706.
[27] H.Okada, Delay Behavior of Data Traffic in an Integrated Voice/Data Multiplex Structure: Multi-Capacity Limits(MCL) Property. IEEE Transactions on Communication. 1986,34(3):300-303.
[28] L.P.Chin, J.F.Chang. Integrated Voice/Data Transmission in a High Speed Common Channel Using Demand Assigned Movable-Boundary TDMA Multiplexer. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers. 1995,18(4):471-480.
[29] S.Ghani, M.Schwartz. A Decomposition Approximation for the Analysis of Voice/Data Integration. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1994,42(7):2441-2452.
[30] Z.Zhang, I.Rubin. Bounds on the Mean System-Size and Delay for a Movable-Boundary Integrated Circuit and Packet Switched Communications Channel. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1994,42(1):90-99.
[31] J.E.Wieselther, A Ephremides. Fixed and Movable-Boundary Channel-Access Schemes for Integrated Circuit and Packet Switched Communications Channel. IEEE Transactions on Communications.1995.43(1):64-74.
[32] M.Soroushnejad, E.Geraniotis. Multi-Access Strategies for an Intergated Voice/Data CDMA Packet Radio Network. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1995,43(2):934-945.
[33] P.Xie, E.Gunawan, C.B.Soh. An Integrated Voice/Data Protocol for Slotted CDMA Personal Communication Networks. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks. 1998,5(2):115-129.
[34] Y.R.Haung, Y.B.Lin. Analysis for Voice/Data Integration on a Finite-Buffer Mobile System. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.2000,49(2):367-378.
[35] R.Prasad, J.A.M.Nijhof. Hybird TDMA/CDMA Multiple Access Protocol for Multi-Media Communications. IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications.1996,New Delhi, India:123-128.
[36] M.Ma, E.Gunawan. Performance of CDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Integrated Voice/Data Wireless Networks. Electronics Letters,2000,36(17):1491-1492.
[37] G.Liodakis, P.Stavroulakis. A Novel Approach in Handover Initiation for Microcellular Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.1994,Stockholm, Sweden:1820-1823.
[38]G..P.Pollini. Trends in Handover Design. IEEE Communication Magazine.1996,34(3):82-90.
[39] G.Corazza, D.Giancristofaro, F.Santucci. Characterization of Handover Initialization in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.1994,Stockholm, Sweden:1869-1872.
[40] W.Lo, A.S.Alfa. Channel Reservation for Handoff Calls in a PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2000,49(1):95-104.
[41] S.Tekinay, B.Jabbari. Handover Policies and Channel Assignment Strategies in Mobile Cellular Network. IEEE Communication Magazine.1991,29(11):42-46.
[42] E.Del Re, R.Fantacci, G.Giambene. Handover and Dynamic Channel Allocation Techniques in Mobile Cellular Networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.1995,44(5):224-234.
[43] I.Panoutsopous, S.Kotsopoulos, C.Ioannou. Priority Technique for Optimising Handover Procedure in Personal Communication System. Electronics Letters.2000,36(7):659-671.
[44] D.Hong, S.Rappaport. Traffic Model and Performance Analysis for Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone Systems with Prioritized and Non-Prioritized Handoff Procedure. IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology.1986,35(8):77-92.
[45] Y.B.Lin, S.Mohan, A.Noerpel. Queuing Priority Channel Assignment Strategies for PCS Hand-off and Initial Access. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 1994,10(10):704-712.
[46] S.Boumerdassi. An Efficient Reservation-Based Dynamic Channel Assignment Strategy. IEEE 3G Mobile Communication Technologies.2001,London,United Kingdom:353-355.
[47] Y.Ma, J.J.Han, K.S.Trivedi. Call Admission Control for Reducing Dropped Calls in Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) Cellular Systems. IEEE INFOCOM.Tel-Aviv,Israel:1481-1490.
[48] J.Misic, T.Y.Bun. Adaptive Admission Control in Wireless Multimedia Networks Under Nonuniform Traffic Conditions. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.2000,18(11):2429-2442.
[49] J.Y.Lee, S.Bank. Simple Admission Control Schemes Support QoS in WirelessMultimedia Networks. Electronics Letters.2001,37(11):712-713.
[50] 彭木根,王文博等. TD-SCDMA 移动通信系统. 北京:机械工业出版社. 2005.
[51] 沈洁,申志坚,李楠. 第三代移动通信中的无线资源管理. 北京:电子工业出版社.2005.
[52]刘洋,马军. TD-SCDMA 系统中的动态信道分配.网络技术与应用. 2002, (10):38~45.
[53] W.C.Y.Lee. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications,2nded. New York:McGraw-Hill,1995.
[54] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. A Data Transmission Scheme for CDMA Wireless Networks Based on IS-95. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2000,49(3):11-20.
[55] 曾兴雯,刘乃安,孙献璞. 扩展频谱通信及其多址技术. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.
[2] M.Haardt, A.Klein, Reinhard Koehn. The TD-CDMA Based UTRA TDD Mode. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(8):1375-1384.
[3] D.G..Jeong, W.S.Jeon. CDMA/TDD System for Wireless Multimedia Services with Traffic Unbalance Between Uplink and Downlink. IEEE Journal in Selected Areas in Communications. 1999,17(5):939-946.
[4]J.W.Zhang, W.B.Wang, A Dynamic Channel Allocation Algorithm in TDD Mode CDMA Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001, Atlantic City, USA:385-388.
[5] I.Katzela, M.Naghshineh. Channel Assignment Schemes for Cellular Mobile Telecommunication System: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Personal Communication. 1996,(6):10-31.
[6] 周寰. TD-SCDMA-第三代移动通信技术. 移动通信. 2001,(5):9-12.
[7] 广东杰赛通信规划设计院. TD-SCDMA 规划设计手册. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[8] Wha.Sook.1eon,D.G.Jeong.Comparison of Time Slot Allocation Strategy for CDMA/TDD System.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(7):1271~1278.
[9] L.Jorguseski, E.Fledderus, J.Farserotu. Radio Resource Allocation in Third-Generation Mobile Communication System. IEEE Communication Magazine. 2001,(2):117-123
[10] H.Holma, G.Poverty, A.Toskala. Evaluation of Interference between Uplink and Downlink in UTRA TDD Mode. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:2616-2620.
[11] H.Hass, G.Poverty. The Effect of Adjacent Channel Interference on Capacity in Hybird TDMA/CDMA-TDD System using UTRA-TDD Parameters. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:1086-1090.
[12] H.Holma, S.Heikkinen, O.Lehtinen, A.Toskala. Interference Consideration for the Time Division Duplex Mode of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(8):1386-1392.
[13] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Time Slot Allocation in CDMA/TDD Systems for Mobile Multimedia Services. IEEE Communications Letters. 2000,4(2):59-61.
[14] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Capacity of CDMA/TDD System for Mobile Multimedia Services. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 1999, Amsterdam, Netherlands:2616-2620.
[15] D.G.Jeong, W.S.Jeon. Comparison of Time Slot Allocation Strategy for CDMA/TDD System. IEEE Journalon Selected Areas in Communications. 2000,18(7):1271~1278.
[16] H.Yomo, A.Nakata, S.Hara. An efficient Slot Allocation Algorithm to Accommcdate Multimedia Traffic in CDMA/TDD-Based Wireless Communication System. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001,Atlantic City, USA:787-791.
[17] H.Yomo, S.Hara. An Up-link/Down-link Asymmetric Slot Allocation in CDMA/TDD-Based Wireless Multimedia Communications Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001,Atlantic City, USA:797-801.
[18] H.Haas, S.Mclaughlin. A Novel Channel Assignment Approach in TDMA/CDMA-TDD System. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC). San Diego, CA, USA:142-146.
[19] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Voice and Data Integrated TDMA Mobile Radio. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC). 1996,Taiwan: 213-217.
[20] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Asymmetric Traffic in Multimedia TDMA/TDD Mobile Radio. IEICE Transactions on Fundamental. 1998,E81(7):1358-1366.
[21] L.Chen, S.Yoshida, H.Murata. A Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithm for Asymmetric Traffic in Voice/Data Integrated TDMA/TDD Mobile Radio. International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing(ICICS). 1997,Singapore:215-219
[22] S.Park, M.Kim. An Enhanced Adaptive Time Slot Assignment Using Access Statistics in TD/CDMA TDD System. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001, Rhodes, Greece:511-516.
[23] J.M.Jacobsmeyer. Congestion Relief on Power-Control CDMA Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1996,14(12):758-761.
[24] L.Ding, S.Lehnert, Erlang Capacity of a Voice/Data Cellular CDMA Uplink System Using Prioritized Admission Control and Adaptive Power Control. International Journal of Wireless Information Network. 2001,8(1):1-14.
[25] M.J.Foscher, T.C.Harris. A Model for Evaluating the Performance of an Integrated Circuitand Packet-Switched Multiples Structure. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1976,24(2):195-202.
[26] G.F.Williams, A.Leon-Garcia. Performance Analysis of Integrated Voice and Data Hybird-Switched Links. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1984,32(6):695-706.
[27] H.Okada, Delay Behavior of Data Traffic in an Integrated Voice/Data Multiplex Structure: Multi-Capacity Limits(MCL) Property. IEEE Transactions on Communication. 1986,34(3):300-303.
[28] L.P.Chin, J.F.Chang. Integrated Voice/Data Transmission in a High Speed Common Channel Using Demand Assigned Movable-Boundary TDMA Multiplexer. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers. 1995,18(4):471-480.
[29] S.Ghani, M.Schwartz. A Decomposition Approximation for the Analysis of Voice/Data Integration. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1994,42(7):2441-2452.
[30] Z.Zhang, I.Rubin. Bounds on the Mean System-Size and Delay for a Movable-Boundary Integrated Circuit and Packet Switched Communications Channel. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1994,42(1):90-99.
[31] J.E.Wieselther, A Ephremides. Fixed and Movable-Boundary Channel-Access Schemes for Integrated Circuit and Packet Switched Communications Channel. IEEE Transactions on Communications.1995.43(1):64-74.
[32] M.Soroushnejad, E.Geraniotis. Multi-Access Strategies for an Intergated Voice/Data CDMA Packet Radio Network. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1995,43(2):934-945.
[33] P.Xie, E.Gunawan, C.B.Soh. An Integrated Voice/Data Protocol for Slotted CDMA Personal Communication Networks. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks. 1998,5(2):115-129.
[34] Y.R.Haung, Y.B.Lin. Analysis for Voice/Data Integration on a Finite-Buffer Mobile System. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.2000,49(2):367-378.
[35] R.Prasad, J.A.M.Nijhof. Hybird TDMA/CDMA Multiple Access Protocol for Multi-Media Communications. IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications.1996,New Delhi, India:123-128.
[36] M.Ma, E.Gunawan. Performance of CDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Integrated Voice/Data Wireless Networks. Electronics Letters,2000,36(17):1491-1492.
[37] G.Liodakis, P.Stavroulakis. A Novel Approach in Handover Initiation for Microcellular Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.1994,Stockholm, Sweden:1820-1823.
[38]G..P.Pollini. Trends in Handover Design. IEEE Communication Magazine.1996,34(3):82-90.
[39] G.Corazza, D.Giancristofaro, F.Santucci. Characterization of Handover Initialization in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.1994,Stockholm, Sweden:1869-1872.
[40] W.Lo, A.S.Alfa. Channel Reservation for Handoff Calls in a PCS Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2000,49(1):95-104.
[41] S.Tekinay, B.Jabbari. Handover Policies and Channel Assignment Strategies in Mobile Cellular Network. IEEE Communication Magazine.1991,29(11):42-46.
[42] E.Del Re, R.Fantacci, G.Giambene. Handover and Dynamic Channel Allocation Techniques in Mobile Cellular Networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.1995,44(5):224-234.
[43] I.Panoutsopous, S.Kotsopoulos, C.Ioannou. Priority Technique for Optimising Handover Procedure in Personal Communication System. Electronics Letters.2000,36(7):659-671.
[44] D.Hong, S.Rappaport. Traffic Model and Performance Analysis for Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone Systems with Prioritized and Non-Prioritized Handoff Procedure. IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology.1986,35(8):77-92.
[45] Y.B.Lin, S.Mohan, A.Noerpel. Queuing Priority Channel Assignment Strategies for PCS Hand-off and Initial Access. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 1994,10(10):704-712.
[46] S.Boumerdassi. An Efficient Reservation-Based Dynamic Channel Assignment Strategy. IEEE 3G Mobile Communication Technologies.2001,London,United Kingdom:353-355.
[47] Y.Ma, J.J.Han, K.S.Trivedi. Call Admission Control for Reducing Dropped Calls in Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) Cellular Systems. IEEE INFOCOM.Tel-Aviv,Israel:1481-1490.
[48] J.Misic, T.Y.Bun. Adaptive Admission Control in Wireless Multimedia Networks Under Nonuniform Traffic Conditions. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.2000,18(11):2429-2442.
[49] J.Y.Lee, S.Bank. Simple Admission Control Schemes Support QoS in WirelessMultimedia Networks. Electronics Letters.2001,37(11):712-713.
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