基于模型驱动架构的Web服务开发与集成研究
|
摘要
目前,Web服务的出现已成为企业商务应用的一件大事。由于Web服务在解决异构软件的交互和企业系统集成问题上表现了极大潜力,因此备受学术界和工业界关注。Web服务是人、系统和应用程序之间的自动化连接,它将业务功能的元素表示为软件服务,并创造新的业务价值。用户可以通过Internet上的其它互联应用程序或商务Web服务器使用Web服务。当前业界的发展趋势就是加速创建并提供这些服务。但是,目前的Web服务技术仍然面临着一些困难:就开发方法而言,虽然目前存在支持Web服务开发的中间件平台,但Web服务开发缺乏坚实的方法学基础;就基础设施而言,由于Web服务的技术及平台在不断变化,开发者对新技术新工具的直接使用将导致原有Web服务的迅速废弃,以及极大的更新与集成旧系统的工作量。
模型驱动体系结构(MDA)是对象管理组织(OMG)在UML,MOF,XMI,CWM等成功技术标准的基础上提出的一种新的软件开发框架,它提倡使用形式化的系统模型作为解决企业应用系统集成问题的核心,通过使用软件工程方法和工具去理解、设计、操作、发展企业系统的所有方面,MDA在横向上支持整个系统生命周期中的集成,纵向上支持不同中间件系统的集成和互操作问题,使系统具有良好的交互性,可扩展性。
MDA与Web服务目标都是解决异构系统的互操作和集成问题,MDA是从软件开发方法学的角度提出的解决方案,Web服务是从软件体系结构的角度提出的解决方案,因此,本论文应用模型驱动的理论结合Web服务开发的特点,从Web服务体系结构和MDA的基本理论到二者的交叉进行了深入的探索和研究,即用MDA的理念指导Web服务的开发与集成,使Web服务克服自身缺陷,成为解决异构系统互操作和集成问题上更为完美的解决方案。论文首先对Web服务和MDA两种理念的核心概念、支撑技术进行了深入剖析,并通过分析目前基于分布式对象技术的软件在开发与集成方面面临的困境,总结了Web服务和MDA两种技术对上述问题的不同解决方法;在此基础上,着重研究了二者结合的可行性及结合的优点,给出基于MDA的Web服务开发流程,针对现有开发架构的不足,提出了一种基于MDA的Web服务开发架构和一种集成架构;最后在已有的工具平台上进行实践,给出一套如何应用支持MDA理论的工具实现Web服务开发和集成的方法。
Nowadays, the appearance of web services has become important for enterprise business application. Web services has gained focus from both academe and industry for its enabling of heterogeneous software interaction and system integration. Web services is the automated connection among person, systems and applications. It expresses the elements of business function as software services, and creates new business value. The hosts can use web services through other mutual-related application procedure or the commercial business web servers on Internet. At present, the development tendency in this field is to speed the creation and discovery of these services. However, the current web services technology is still facing some difficulties as following: In the aspect of development method, although existing middleware platforms, web services development is short of strong base of methodology. In the aspect of basic establishment, as the constant changing of technologies and platforms of web services, the developers' direct use of new technologies and tools will lead to the rapid disuse of original web services, and great workload of updating and integrating the old systems.
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new framework given by OMG based or UML,MOF,XMI,CWM, and etc, concentrating on using formal model to understand, design, operate, and evolve all aspects of enterprise systems, using engineering methods and tools. MDA sustains the full lifecycle integration of application in horizontal line, and integration and interaction issues of different middleware systems in the vertical, providing the systems with good interoperability and expansibility.
The common goal of MDA and Web services is to resolve the interaction and integration problems in heterogeneous systems. MDA proposes the solution from the perspective of software development methodology, while web services from the perspective of software architecture. Thus this paper gives an in-depth exploration and research from the web services architecture and basic theory of MDA to the combination of the two, applying model-driven theory combining with characteristics of web services development, that is to develop and integrate web services guided by MDA, which will make web services overcome their own shortcomings, and become a perfect solution in solving interaction and integration issues of heterogeneous system. First, this paper gives an in-depth analysis on core concepts, techniques supporting web services and MDA. By analyzing the troubles in the process of development and integration of software based on distributed object technology, it summarizes the two different solutions of MDA and web services. On the basis of the above, it researches the feasibility and superiority of the combination of the two. Then the web services development flow based on MDA is induced and a development architecture and an integration architecture coming from the combination of the two is given aiming at the disadvantages of existing architectures. Finally, a way of web services development and realization based on tool supporting MDA theory is presented by practicing on this platform.
模型驱动体系结构(MDA)是对象管理组织(OMG)在UML,MOF,XMI,CWM等成功技术标准的基础上提出的一种新的软件开发框架,它提倡使用形式化的系统模型作为解决企业应用系统集成问题的核心,通过使用软件工程方法和工具去理解、设计、操作、发展企业系统的所有方面,MDA在横向上支持整个系统生命周期中的集成,纵向上支持不同中间件系统的集成和互操作问题,使系统具有良好的交互性,可扩展性。
MDA与Web服务目标都是解决异构系统的互操作和集成问题,MDA是从软件开发方法学的角度提出的解决方案,Web服务是从软件体系结构的角度提出的解决方案,因此,本论文应用模型驱动的理论结合Web服务开发的特点,从Web服务体系结构和MDA的基本理论到二者的交叉进行了深入的探索和研究,即用MDA的理念指导Web服务的开发与集成,使Web服务克服自身缺陷,成为解决异构系统互操作和集成问题上更为完美的解决方案。论文首先对Web服务和MDA两种理念的核心概念、支撑技术进行了深入剖析,并通过分析目前基于分布式对象技术的软件在开发与集成方面面临的困境,总结了Web服务和MDA两种技术对上述问题的不同解决方法;在此基础上,着重研究了二者结合的可行性及结合的优点,给出基于MDA的Web服务开发流程,针对现有开发架构的不足,提出了一种基于MDA的Web服务开发架构和一种集成架构;最后在已有的工具平台上进行实践,给出一套如何应用支持MDA理论的工具实现Web服务开发和集成的方法。
Nowadays, the appearance of web services has become important for enterprise business application. Web services has gained focus from both academe and industry for its enabling of heterogeneous software interaction and system integration. Web services is the automated connection among person, systems and applications. It expresses the elements of business function as software services, and creates new business value. The hosts can use web services through other mutual-related application procedure or the commercial business web servers on Internet. At present, the development tendency in this field is to speed the creation and discovery of these services. However, the current web services technology is still facing some difficulties as following: In the aspect of development method, although existing middleware platforms, web services development is short of strong base of methodology. In the aspect of basic establishment, as the constant changing of technologies and platforms of web services, the developers' direct use of new technologies and tools will lead to the rapid disuse of original web services, and great workload of updating and integrating the old systems.
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new framework given by OMG based or UML,MOF,XMI,CWM, and etc, concentrating on using formal model to understand, design, operate, and evolve all aspects of enterprise systems, using engineering methods and tools. MDA sustains the full lifecycle integration of application in horizontal line, and integration and interaction issues of different middleware systems in the vertical, providing the systems with good interoperability and expansibility.
The common goal of MDA and Web services is to resolve the interaction and integration problems in heterogeneous systems. MDA proposes the solution from the perspective of software development methodology, while web services from the perspective of software architecture. Thus this paper gives an in-depth exploration and research from the web services architecture and basic theory of MDA to the combination of the two, applying model-driven theory combining with characteristics of web services development, that is to develop and integrate web services guided by MDA, which will make web services overcome their own shortcomings, and become a perfect solution in solving interaction and integration issues of heterogeneous system. First, this paper gives an in-depth analysis on core concepts, techniques supporting web services and MDA. By analyzing the troubles in the process of development and integration of software based on distributed object technology, it summarizes the two different solutions of MDA and web services. On the basis of the above, it researches the feasibility and superiority of the combination of the two. Then the web services development flow based on MDA is induced and a development architecture and an integration architecture coming from the combination of the two is given aiming at the disadvantages of existing architectures. Finally, a way of web services development and realization based on tool supporting MDA theory is presented by practicing on this platform.
引文
[1]IBM Software Group.New to SOA and Web services[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/newto/websvc.html,2007,05.
[2]Kreger H.Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0)[EB/OL].hrtp://www.ibm.com/developerworks/,IBM Software Group,2002,04.
[3]Chai Xiaolu.Web services architect:What are Web Services?[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsar/part2/,2001,07.
[4]IBM Web Services Architecture Team.Web Services Architecture Overview:The Next Stage of Evolution for e-business[EB/OL].http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/web//library/w-ovr,2000.
[5]Feisi Science and Technique Center of Research and Development.Application and Development of Java Web Services[A].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry [C].2002:190-196.
[6]Draluk V.Discovering Web services:An overview[R].In:Apers P,ed.roc.of the 27th Int'l Conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Roma:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001:637-640.
[7]张水平,范利星,朱涛.基于XML和Web Services的信息服务平台[J].微计算机信息,2007:30.
[8]Greg Flurry,Manish Modh.Web services development patterns[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/Websphere/library/techarticles/.2005.
[9]Hansen M,Madnick S,Siegel M.Data Integration Using Web Services[A].In:Bressan S,ed.Proc.Of the VLDB 2002 Workshop Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools and Techniques and Data Integration over the Web(EEXTT).Hong Kong:Springer-Verlag,2003:165-182.
[10]Carman M,Serafini L,Traverso P.Web Service Composition as Planning[D].In:Proc.Of the Workshop on Planning for Web Service.Trento,Italy,2003,07.
[11]Staab S,vander Aalst W,et al.Web Services;Been There,Done That?[J].IEEE Intelligent Systems,2003,18(1):72-85.
[12]W.T.Tsai,et.A service-oriented modeling and simulation framework for rapid development of distributed applications.Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory 2006:725-739.
[13]Jiachen Hou,et.Integration of Web Services technology with business models within the total product design process for supplier selection.[J].Computers in Industry.,2006:797-808.
[14]Luigi Lo Iacono,Jun Wang.Web service layer security(WSLS)[J].Network Security, 2008.02:10-13.
[15]岳坤等.Web服务核心支撑技术:研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,03:429-430.
[16]梅宏,申峻嵘.软件体系结构研究进展[J].软件学报,2006:1257-1270.
[17]Hans-Erik Eriksson等著,余安萍等译.UML2工具箱[M].电子工业出版社,2004,10:22-79.
[18]Oscar Pastor,Juan Carlos Molina.Model-Driven Architecture in Practice:A Software Production Environment Based on Conceptual Modeling[M].Springer.2007,07.
[19][美]Gamma E,Helm R,Johnson R,et al.设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.
[20]OMG Technical Meeting-Tutorial Series[C],2005,04.
[21]张德芬等.MDA中模型转换技术综述[J].计算机科学,2006,10(33):228-230.
[22]Meta Object Facility(MOF)Core Specification[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org.2006,01.
[23]Unified Modeling Language(UML)Specification Version 2.0[EB/OL].http://www.uml.org,2003.
[24]蔡敏,徐慧慧,黄炳强.UML基础与Rose建模教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2006,01:124-130.
[25]Common Warehouse Metadata Model(CWM)Specification Version 1.1.[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org,2003.
[26]XML Metadata Interchange(XMI)Specification Version 2.0[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org,2003,05.
[27]Alan Brown.An introduction to Model Driven Architecture[EB/OL].http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/3100.html,2004.
[28]MDA tools[EB/OL],http://www.modelbased.net/mda_tools.html.
[29]贾松浩等.基于XML的Web Services的研究与应用[J].计算机应用与软件,2007,01:105-107.
[30]冯锡炜等.基于Web Services服务集成的设计与实现.[J].微计算机信息.2006,03(22):.258-259.
[31]施佺.基于Web Services的分布式异构系统应用集成的研究[J].微计算机信息.2005,11:136-138.
[32]David Frankel et.White Paper:Using Model-Driven Architecture~(TM)to Develop Web Services IONA Technologies PLC Second Edition,2002,04:4-5.
[33]Jon Siegel et.Using OMG's Model Driven Architecture(MDA)to Integrate Web Services.[EB/OL].http://www.omg.orgmda/mda_files/MDA-WS-integrate-WP.pdf,2002:5-7.
[34]朱奎.基于xUML模型驱动架构的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2004,03:2-4.
[35]Will Provost.UML for Web Services.[EB/OL].http://www.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2003/08/05/ uml.html.Sept,2003.
[36]Simon Johnston.Modeling Web Services,Part2:Modeling and generating WSDL[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/06/0411_johnston/2006.11
[37]王夕宁,刘昕鹏,薛亮.使用Rational Software Architect建模并生成Web服务元数据[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/07/0515_wang-liu-xue/.2007,09.
[38]Ambuhler,Thomas.UML 2.0 Profile for WS-BPEL with Mapping to WS-BPEL[EB/OL].http://www.iturls.com/softwareresource/SW_305.asp,2005,10.
[39]王夕宁等.一种Web服务模型的动态行为转换方法研究实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,10:37-40.
[40]Keith Mantell.From UML to BPEL[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices /library/ws-uml2bpel/,2005,09.
[41]OMG.UML Profile for enterprise distributed Object Computing(EDOC).Full Specification[EB/OL]http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/edoc.htm.2004,02.
[42]Patrascoiu.Mapping EDOC to Web Services Using YATL.In:Proc.of the 8th IEEE Int'l Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conf(EDOC 2004).Monerey,California,USA.2004,09.
[43]朱毅.基于MDA的网络服务集成理论的研究和应用[D].大连海事大学,2006,03:15-17.
[44]徐有威.模型驱动架构技术在分布式多层系统中的应用[D].武汉大学计算机学院,2004.
[45]Earnestliu.OptimalJ:模型驱动开发如何提高生产力.http://blog.csdn.net/earnestliu/archive/2004/03/01/21964.aspx,2004,03.
[46]OptimalJ White Paper:OptimalJ and Model Driven Architecture(MDA)[EB/OL].http://www.compuware.com/products/optimalj,2005.
[2]Kreger H.Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0)[EB/OL].hrtp://www.ibm.com/developerworks/,IBM Software Group,2002,04.
[3]Chai Xiaolu.Web services architect:What are Web Services?[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsar/part2/,2001,07.
[4]IBM Web Services Architecture Team.Web Services Architecture Overview:The Next Stage of Evolution for e-business[EB/OL].http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/web//library/w-ovr,2000.
[5]Feisi Science and Technique Center of Research and Development.Application and Development of Java Web Services[A].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry [C].2002:190-196.
[6]Draluk V.Discovering Web services:An overview[R].In:Apers P,ed.roc.of the 27th Int'l Conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Roma:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001:637-640.
[7]张水平,范利星,朱涛.基于XML和Web Services的信息服务平台[J].微计算机信息,2007:30.
[8]Greg Flurry,Manish Modh.Web services development patterns[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/Websphere/library/techarticles/.2005.
[9]Hansen M,Madnick S,Siegel M.Data Integration Using Web Services[A].In:Bressan S,ed.Proc.Of the VLDB 2002 Workshop Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools and Techniques and Data Integration over the Web(EEXTT).Hong Kong:Springer-Verlag,2003:165-182.
[10]Carman M,Serafini L,Traverso P.Web Service Composition as Planning[D].In:Proc.Of the Workshop on Planning for Web Service.Trento,Italy,2003,07.
[11]Staab S,vander Aalst W,et al.Web Services;Been There,Done That?[J].IEEE Intelligent Systems,2003,18(1):72-85.
[12]W.T.Tsai,et.A service-oriented modeling and simulation framework for rapid development of distributed applications.Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory 2006:725-739.
[13]Jiachen Hou,et.Integration of Web Services technology with business models within the total product design process for supplier selection.[J].Computers in Industry.,2006:797-808.
[14]Luigi Lo Iacono,Jun Wang.Web service layer security(WSLS)[J].Network Security, 2008.02:10-13.
[15]岳坤等.Web服务核心支撑技术:研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,03:429-430.
[16]梅宏,申峻嵘.软件体系结构研究进展[J].软件学报,2006:1257-1270.
[17]Hans-Erik Eriksson等著,余安萍等译.UML2工具箱[M].电子工业出版社,2004,10:22-79.
[18]Oscar Pastor,Juan Carlos Molina.Model-Driven Architecture in Practice:A Software Production Environment Based on Conceptual Modeling[M].Springer.2007,07.
[19][美]Gamma E,Helm R,Johnson R,et al.设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.
[20]OMG Technical Meeting-Tutorial Series[C],2005,04.
[21]张德芬等.MDA中模型转换技术综述[J].计算机科学,2006,10(33):228-230.
[22]Meta Object Facility(MOF)Core Specification[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org.2006,01.
[23]Unified Modeling Language(UML)Specification Version 2.0[EB/OL].http://www.uml.org,2003.
[24]蔡敏,徐慧慧,黄炳强.UML基础与Rose建模教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2006,01:124-130.
[25]Common Warehouse Metadata Model(CWM)Specification Version 1.1.[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org,2003.
[26]XML Metadata Interchange(XMI)Specification Version 2.0[EB/OL].http://www.omg.org,2003,05.
[27]Alan Brown.An introduction to Model Driven Architecture[EB/OL].http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/3100.html,2004.
[28]MDA tools[EB/OL],http://www.modelbased.net/mda_tools.html.
[29]贾松浩等.基于XML的Web Services的研究与应用[J].计算机应用与软件,2007,01:105-107.
[30]冯锡炜等.基于Web Services服务集成的设计与实现.[J].微计算机信息.2006,03(22):.258-259.
[31]施佺.基于Web Services的分布式异构系统应用集成的研究[J].微计算机信息.2005,11:136-138.
[32]David Frankel et.White Paper:Using Model-Driven Architecture~(TM)to Develop Web Services IONA Technologies PLC Second Edition,2002,04:4-5.
[33]Jon Siegel et.Using OMG's Model Driven Architecture(MDA)to Integrate Web Services.[EB/OL].http://www.omg.orgmda/mda_files/MDA-WS-integrate-WP.pdf,2002:5-7.
[34]朱奎.基于xUML模型驱动架构的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2004,03:2-4.
[35]Will Provost.UML for Web Services.[EB/OL].http://www.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2003/08/05/ uml.html.Sept,2003.
[36]Simon Johnston.Modeling Web Services,Part2:Modeling and generating WSDL[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/06/0411_johnston/2006.11
[37]王夕宁,刘昕鹏,薛亮.使用Rational Software Architect建模并生成Web服务元数据[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/07/0515_wang-liu-xue/.2007,09.
[38]Ambuhler,Thomas.UML 2.0 Profile for WS-BPEL with Mapping to WS-BPEL[EB/OL].http://www.iturls.com/softwareresource/SW_305.asp,2005,10.
[39]王夕宁等.一种Web服务模型的动态行为转换方法研究实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,10:37-40.
[40]Keith Mantell.From UML to BPEL[EB/OL].http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices /library/ws-uml2bpel/,2005,09.
[41]OMG.UML Profile for enterprise distributed Object Computing(EDOC).Full Specification[EB/OL]http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/edoc.htm.2004,02.
[42]Patrascoiu.Mapping EDOC to Web Services Using YATL.In:Proc.of the 8th IEEE Int'l Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conf(EDOC 2004).Monerey,California,USA.2004,09.
[43]朱毅.基于MDA的网络服务集成理论的研究和应用[D].大连海事大学,2006,03:15-17.
[44]徐有威.模型驱动架构技术在分布式多层系统中的应用[D].武汉大学计算机学院,2004.
[45]Earnestliu.OptimalJ:模型驱动开发如何提高生产力.http://blog.csdn.net/earnestliu/archive/2004/03/01/21964.aspx,2004,03.
[46]OptimalJ White Paper:OptimalJ and Model Driven Architecture(MDA)[EB/OL].http://www.compuware.com/products/optimalj,2005.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |