不同苜蓿品种主要生产性能的评价
摘要
紫花苜蓿是畜牧业生产中极为重要的高产优质牧草。为了满足北京地区对紫花苜蓿品种的需求,本研究从2002年至2007年,对国内外17个苜蓿品种的主要生产性能及品质特性进行了试验,通过田间观测、品比试验及数理统计方法进行系统的分析和评价,以期为北京地区筛选出适宜种植的高产、优质苜蓿品种。研究结果如下:
1.17个苜蓿品种的株高方差分析结果表明:各茬次株高有显著差异,第一茬最高,第四茬最低;不同年份苜蓿的株高存在极显著差异,第3年苜蓿植株高度最高,之后几年苜蓿的株高总体呈逐渐下降的趋势。株高表现最好的为中苜1号、德国、和保定Vector。
2.不同茬次之间苜蓿绝对生长速率大小不同。第一茬绝对生长速率最高,第四茬绝对生长速率最低;不同生长年限苜蓿的绝对生长速率存在极显著差异,第3年苜蓿的绝对生长速率达到最高,以后呈逐渐下降的趋势。德国、保定、中苜1号和CW400苜蓿的绝对生长速率最快。
3. 17个苜蓿品种茬次间的再生速度存在极显著差异。第一茬再生速度最快,第三茬再生速度最慢。年份间的再生速度随生长年份总体呈缓慢的递增趋势;茬次间的再生强度存在显著差异,第一茬再生强度最大。不同品种不同茬次苜蓿的鲜干比差异不显著,茎叶比从第一茬到第四茬表现为由高到低,呈逐渐减小趋势。
4.不同茬次之间苜蓿产量存在极显著差异,各茬产量中第一茬产量最高,约占年总产量的37%左右,第二茬约占26%左右;不同年份产量有明显差异,第3年产量最高,第7年产量最低,已经低于第2年的产量。由此可以说明,苜蓿的高产期在生长第3年,其最佳利用年限为5-6年。德国、保定、中苜1号、和CW400苜蓿六年的总产量居前四位。
5.通过产量相关分析结果表明:苜蓿总产量与各年份产量都呈极显著正相关,总产量与第3年产量相关程度最高,与第2年产量相关程度最低。
6.运用系统聚类分析方法综合评价,将17个苜蓿品种的生产性能,划分为高、中、低三个类群。保定、中苜1号、德国、CW400、CW300、Vector为一类,该类群经济性能很好,特征为产量高、再生性好、持久性好、适应性较强,适宜在北京地区大面积种植。
Alfalfa is a very significant kind of forage in stockbreeding for its high yield and high quality. For the demand of Beijing, the research about seventeen cultivars of Alfalfa about production trait and quality characteristics had been done from 2002 to 2007. Many things have been done to analyze and evaluate them systematically, such as field observations, comparison test and mathematical statistics methods. Finding the high yield and high quality cultivar for Beijing region is main aim of the experiment. The results are following:
1 .By analysis of variance about height of different cultivar, the result is that significant deviation about height of different cuts and years. The first cut was the highest and the forth was the lowest. The Maximum of average height appeared in the third year. The best cultivars about height contain zhongmu.NO.1, German, Baoding and Vector.
2 .The absolute growth rate of different cuts was different. The first cut was the highest and the forth was the lowest. The growth rate of different years was different obviously. The absolute growth rate of the third year was the highest. As time went, it decreased. The best cultivars about absolute growth rate contain German, Baoding, zhongmu.NO.1 and CW400.
3 .The regrowth rate of different cuts of 17 cultivars was obviously different. The first cut was the highest and the third was the lowest. The regrowth rate of different years seemed to be slowly incremental. The regrowth intensity of different cuts was obviously different and the first cut was the highest. The ratio of fresh-weight to dry-weight of different cuts was quiet. The stem-leave ratio was reduced from the first cut to the forth cut and it gradually diminished.
4 .The productions of different cuts are obviously different. The first cut had the highest production and it could reach 37% of gross production of the year and the second cut only 26%. The gross production of different years was obviously different. Gross production of the third year was the highest and the seventh year was the lowest which was lower than that in the second year. So we got the conclusion that the third year was the high-yield period. The best period of economic use was the fifth or sixth years. The best four about gross production of six years are following: German, Baoding, zhongmu.NO.1 and CW400.
5. By production Correlation analysis, we got the conclusion that the relationship between gross production and the productions of every year was significant positive correlation. The correlativity between gross production and the production of the third year was the highest and correlativity between gross production and the production of the second year was the lowest.
6. By the method of cluster analysis, 17 kinds of alfalfa’s production character were divided into three groups, high, middle and low. Baoding, M.sativa L.cv zhongmu.NO.1, German, CW400, CW300 and Vector are the first group whose economic character are very good because of high production, high renewable rate, good persistence and high adaptability. They are suitable for breeding in Beijing area.
1.17个苜蓿品种的株高方差分析结果表明:各茬次株高有显著差异,第一茬最高,第四茬最低;不同年份苜蓿的株高存在极显著差异,第3年苜蓿植株高度最高,之后几年苜蓿的株高总体呈逐渐下降的趋势。株高表现最好的为中苜1号、德国、和保定Vector。
2.不同茬次之间苜蓿绝对生长速率大小不同。第一茬绝对生长速率最高,第四茬绝对生长速率最低;不同生长年限苜蓿的绝对生长速率存在极显著差异,第3年苜蓿的绝对生长速率达到最高,以后呈逐渐下降的趋势。德国、保定、中苜1号和CW400苜蓿的绝对生长速率最快。
3. 17个苜蓿品种茬次间的再生速度存在极显著差异。第一茬再生速度最快,第三茬再生速度最慢。年份间的再生速度随生长年份总体呈缓慢的递增趋势;茬次间的再生强度存在显著差异,第一茬再生强度最大。不同品种不同茬次苜蓿的鲜干比差异不显著,茎叶比从第一茬到第四茬表现为由高到低,呈逐渐减小趋势。
4.不同茬次之间苜蓿产量存在极显著差异,各茬产量中第一茬产量最高,约占年总产量的37%左右,第二茬约占26%左右;不同年份产量有明显差异,第3年产量最高,第7年产量最低,已经低于第2年的产量。由此可以说明,苜蓿的高产期在生长第3年,其最佳利用年限为5-6年。德国、保定、中苜1号、和CW400苜蓿六年的总产量居前四位。
5.通过产量相关分析结果表明:苜蓿总产量与各年份产量都呈极显著正相关,总产量与第3年产量相关程度最高,与第2年产量相关程度最低。
6.运用系统聚类分析方法综合评价,将17个苜蓿品种的生产性能,划分为高、中、低三个类群。保定、中苜1号、德国、CW400、CW300、Vector为一类,该类群经济性能很好,特征为产量高、再生性好、持久性好、适应性较强,适宜在北京地区大面积种植。
Alfalfa is a very significant kind of forage in stockbreeding for its high yield and high quality. For the demand of Beijing, the research about seventeen cultivars of Alfalfa about production trait and quality characteristics had been done from 2002 to 2007. Many things have been done to analyze and evaluate them systematically, such as field observations, comparison test and mathematical statistics methods. Finding the high yield and high quality cultivar for Beijing region is main aim of the experiment. The results are following:
1 .By analysis of variance about height of different cultivar, the result is that significant deviation about height of different cuts and years. The first cut was the highest and the forth was the lowest. The Maximum of average height appeared in the third year. The best cultivars about height contain zhongmu.NO.1, German, Baoding and Vector.
2 .The absolute growth rate of different cuts was different. The first cut was the highest and the forth was the lowest. The growth rate of different years was different obviously. The absolute growth rate of the third year was the highest. As time went, it decreased. The best cultivars about absolute growth rate contain German, Baoding, zhongmu.NO.1 and CW400.
3 .The regrowth rate of different cuts of 17 cultivars was obviously different. The first cut was the highest and the third was the lowest. The regrowth rate of different years seemed to be slowly incremental. The regrowth intensity of different cuts was obviously different and the first cut was the highest. The ratio of fresh-weight to dry-weight of different cuts was quiet. The stem-leave ratio was reduced from the first cut to the forth cut and it gradually diminished.
4 .The productions of different cuts are obviously different. The first cut had the highest production and it could reach 37% of gross production of the year and the second cut only 26%. The gross production of different years was obviously different. Gross production of the third year was the highest and the seventh year was the lowest which was lower than that in the second year. So we got the conclusion that the third year was the high-yield period. The best period of economic use was the fifth or sixth years. The best four about gross production of six years are following: German, Baoding, zhongmu.NO.1 and CW400.
5. By production Correlation analysis, we got the conclusion that the relationship between gross production and the productions of every year was significant positive correlation. The correlativity between gross production and the production of the third year was the highest and correlativity between gross production and the production of the second year was the lowest.
6. By the method of cluster analysis, 17 kinds of alfalfa’s production character were divided into three groups, high, middle and low. Baoding, M.sativa L.cv zhongmu.NO.1, German, CW400, CW300 and Vector are the first group whose economic character are very good because of high production, high renewable rate, good persistence and high adaptability. They are suitable for breeding in Beijing area.
引文
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