物流企业配送系统优化研究
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摘要
对物流的认识最早来源于美国,来自于生产过程中的组织调度和产品销售的实际需要。1979年6月,我国物资工作者代表团赴日本参加第三届国际物流会议,回国后在考察报告中第一次引用“物流”这一术语。近年来物流在我国不断得到发展和完善,物流已经成为企业的“第三利润源泉”,成为国民经济发展的基础。
处于物流末端的物流配送的发展对整个物流业,乃至整个国民经济的发展起着重大的推动作用,我国的流通费用每年都占GDP很大的比重。2000年,我国全社会流通费用已占GDP的20%,所以说如果我国的物流配送水平能得到改善,我国的国民经济和综合实力将能得到巨大的提高。但同时,由于基础设施的不完善和专业人员的缺乏等因素,我国的物流配送业仍存在很多弊端和不完善之处,比如物流企业在进行配送的过程中无法制定合理的配送方案,无法制定高效的配送作业流程等。
本文的第一部分为绪论。首先介绍了本文研究的目及研究的理论意义和现实意义:然后对国内外物流配送的现状及发展趋势做了介绍,主要对美国、F1本、德国三个国家的物流配送现状以及我国物流配送现状及今后的发展趋势进行了介绍;最后对本文的研究途径做了介绍,本文理论研究与实证分析相结合.应用遗传算法进行配送调度优化研究,应用层次分析法对配送作业流程进行综合性评价,为以后的配送作业流程设计提供了有力的参考,同时提出了构建精益配送系统的想法,以及对配送过程中出现异常如何进行控制,员工的作业效率如何提升,如何使得配送信息系统高效化,都做了研究分析。
本文的第二部分为物流及物流配送的相关理论知识介绍。本章对物流的起源及其内涵、物流在国民经济中的作用、配送的发展历史、配送的性质、配送系统运作模式以及配送系统的功能做了介绍,为研究分析做了充分铺垫。
本文的第三部分为物流企业配送调度子系统优化研究。首先介绍了配送调度问题和遗传算法的基本理论知识,然后构建一个典型的多目标物流配送模型,应用遗传算法对该模型进行分析,找出最佳的配送调度方案。
本文的第四部分为物流企业配送作业子系统优化研究。首先对物流企业配送作业的基本理论知识做了详细介绍,列出了各作业的多项考核指标。然后提出了多种优化方法。例如,先以拣货作业为例,应用层次分析法对物流配送作业进行分析;其次运用精益理念思想,提出了构建一个精益配送作业流程的优化方案,并对构建精益配送作业流程的具体方法进行了详细介绍;再者,为了更好地加强企业对配送系统各环节的控制,更好的应对异常状况,提出了建立控制机制进行配送系统作业优化:最后为了使配送作业的效率不断提高,降低企业成本,提出了优化员工积极性需考虑的因素。
本文的第五部分为物流企业配送信息子系统优化研究。本章在介绍配送信息系统基本理论知识的基础上,从建立高效的供应链信息交互系统、配送过程中货物追踪技术的应用这两个方面对物流企业配送信息系统进行优化设计。
本文的第六部分为总结。通过前几章的研究分析,本章对物流企业进行配送系统的设计及如何高效运作都做了总结,并总结了本文创新点,以及对后续研究方向都做了说明。
物流业在我国尚处于探索阶段,本文的撰写对我国物流企业进行配送系统设计提供一定的理论支持,且对实际运作有着一定的指导作用。
The earliest knowledge about logistics origin from America, come from the actual needs in the process of product organization and sale. Our country begin to use the terminology of logistics is in the inspection report after our country's commodity delegates participate the third international logistics conference in June of 1979 . In recent years, logistics has a great development in our country, and has become the third profit place of enterprise, become the foundation of our country's economy development.
Logistics distribution is the end link of logistics , and it take an important part in the development of logistics and our country's economy. The whole society's circulation expense has exceeded twenty percent of our country's GDP in 2000. So, if the level of our country's logistics distribution can be enhanced, the society's economy and comprehensive power of our country can also have great progress. Our country's logistics distribution has a lot of canker and imperfect places , for the deficient of infrastructure and lack of specialists, logistics enterprise can not formulate reasonable distribution plan and distribution work process and so on.
In this paper, the first part is preface. First introduce the goal of this paper and significance of the theoretical and practical. Then introduce the logistics distribution's status and development trend of domestic and abroad , mainly in the United States, Japan and Germany, finally introduced the research method. In the paper, theoretical research combine with example analysis, use genetic algorithm optimization of distribution scheduling, use AHP evaluate distribution's work flow comprehensively, give a strong reference for next work. At the same time, give out the idea to construct lean distribution system, as well as how to control when the distribution system meet fault, how to enhance the staff's efficiency, how to make information systems more efficient, all of this the paper have done research and analysis.
The second part is about related knowledge of logistics and logistics distribution. This chapter introduced the origin of the logistics, logistics' use in the national economy, the history of distribution, distribution's nature, operation model of the distribution system, and also its functions. Make a full ready for next research.
The third Part is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution dispatch subsystem. First introduce distribution scheduling problem and the basic theoretical knowledge of genetic algorithm, then build a typical multi-target logistics distribution model, using genetic algorithm analysis to identify the best distribution scheduling scheme.
The fourth part of the paper is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution work subsystem .First give out each work's check indicators, then give out a lot of optimization methods, for example, using AHP to evaluate the distribution work system, building a lean distribution work system, giving out control system to meet abnormal condition. In order to enhance the efficiency and down the cost, this chapter also optimize the employee's enthusiasm.
The fifth part is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution information subsystem, and then by building efficient supply-chain information system and good tracking technical to optimize it.
The sixth part is conclusion. Base on the research and analysis of the above chapters, this chapter has a conclusion for how to design distribution system and how to operate it efficiently, also have a conclusion for creative points of this paper, at the end , have a note for continue study.
In China, logistics is still in the exploratory stage, this paper can have theoretical support for distribution system's design, and also can guide it how to operate it to a certain extent.
处于物流末端的物流配送的发展对整个物流业,乃至整个国民经济的发展起着重大的推动作用,我国的流通费用每年都占GDP很大的比重。2000年,我国全社会流通费用已占GDP的20%,所以说如果我国的物流配送水平能得到改善,我国的国民经济和综合实力将能得到巨大的提高。但同时,由于基础设施的不完善和专业人员的缺乏等因素,我国的物流配送业仍存在很多弊端和不完善之处,比如物流企业在进行配送的过程中无法制定合理的配送方案,无法制定高效的配送作业流程等。
本文的第一部分为绪论。首先介绍了本文研究的目及研究的理论意义和现实意义:然后对国内外物流配送的现状及发展趋势做了介绍,主要对美国、F1本、德国三个国家的物流配送现状以及我国物流配送现状及今后的发展趋势进行了介绍;最后对本文的研究途径做了介绍,本文理论研究与实证分析相结合.应用遗传算法进行配送调度优化研究,应用层次分析法对配送作业流程进行综合性评价,为以后的配送作业流程设计提供了有力的参考,同时提出了构建精益配送系统的想法,以及对配送过程中出现异常如何进行控制,员工的作业效率如何提升,如何使得配送信息系统高效化,都做了研究分析。
本文的第二部分为物流及物流配送的相关理论知识介绍。本章对物流的起源及其内涵、物流在国民经济中的作用、配送的发展历史、配送的性质、配送系统运作模式以及配送系统的功能做了介绍,为研究分析做了充分铺垫。
本文的第三部分为物流企业配送调度子系统优化研究。首先介绍了配送调度问题和遗传算法的基本理论知识,然后构建一个典型的多目标物流配送模型,应用遗传算法对该模型进行分析,找出最佳的配送调度方案。
本文的第四部分为物流企业配送作业子系统优化研究。首先对物流企业配送作业的基本理论知识做了详细介绍,列出了各作业的多项考核指标。然后提出了多种优化方法。例如,先以拣货作业为例,应用层次分析法对物流配送作业进行分析;其次运用精益理念思想,提出了构建一个精益配送作业流程的优化方案,并对构建精益配送作业流程的具体方法进行了详细介绍;再者,为了更好地加强企业对配送系统各环节的控制,更好的应对异常状况,提出了建立控制机制进行配送系统作业优化:最后为了使配送作业的效率不断提高,降低企业成本,提出了优化员工积极性需考虑的因素。
本文的第五部分为物流企业配送信息子系统优化研究。本章在介绍配送信息系统基本理论知识的基础上,从建立高效的供应链信息交互系统、配送过程中货物追踪技术的应用这两个方面对物流企业配送信息系统进行优化设计。
本文的第六部分为总结。通过前几章的研究分析,本章对物流企业进行配送系统的设计及如何高效运作都做了总结,并总结了本文创新点,以及对后续研究方向都做了说明。
物流业在我国尚处于探索阶段,本文的撰写对我国物流企业进行配送系统设计提供一定的理论支持,且对实际运作有着一定的指导作用。
The earliest knowledge about logistics origin from America, come from the actual needs in the process of product organization and sale. Our country begin to use the terminology of logistics is in the inspection report after our country's commodity delegates participate the third international logistics conference in June of 1979 . In recent years, logistics has a great development in our country, and has become the third profit place of enterprise, become the foundation of our country's economy development.
Logistics distribution is the end link of logistics , and it take an important part in the development of logistics and our country's economy. The whole society's circulation expense has exceeded twenty percent of our country's GDP in 2000. So, if the level of our country's logistics distribution can be enhanced, the society's economy and comprehensive power of our country can also have great progress. Our country's logistics distribution has a lot of canker and imperfect places , for the deficient of infrastructure and lack of specialists, logistics enterprise can not formulate reasonable distribution plan and distribution work process and so on.
In this paper, the first part is preface. First introduce the goal of this paper and significance of the theoretical and practical. Then introduce the logistics distribution's status and development trend of domestic and abroad , mainly in the United States, Japan and Germany, finally introduced the research method. In the paper, theoretical research combine with example analysis, use genetic algorithm optimization of distribution scheduling, use AHP evaluate distribution's work flow comprehensively, give a strong reference for next work. At the same time, give out the idea to construct lean distribution system, as well as how to control when the distribution system meet fault, how to enhance the staff's efficiency, how to make information systems more efficient, all of this the paper have done research and analysis.
The second part is about related knowledge of logistics and logistics distribution. This chapter introduced the origin of the logistics, logistics' use in the national economy, the history of distribution, distribution's nature, operation model of the distribution system, and also its functions. Make a full ready for next research.
The third Part is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution dispatch subsystem. First introduce distribution scheduling problem and the basic theoretical knowledge of genetic algorithm, then build a typical multi-target logistics distribution model, using genetic algorithm analysis to identify the best distribution scheduling scheme.
The fourth part of the paper is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution work subsystem .First give out each work's check indicators, then give out a lot of optimization methods, for example, using AHP to evaluate the distribution work system, building a lean distribution work system, giving out control system to meet abnormal condition. In order to enhance the efficiency and down the cost, this chapter also optimize the employee's enthusiasm.
The fifth part is optimization research of logistics enterprise's distribution information subsystem, and then by building efficient supply-chain information system and good tracking technical to optimize it.
The sixth part is conclusion. Base on the research and analysis of the above chapters, this chapter has a conclusion for how to design distribution system and how to operate it efficiently, also have a conclusion for creative points of this paper, at the end , have a note for continue study.
In China, logistics is still in the exploratory stage, this paper can have theoretical support for distribution system's design, and also can guide it how to operate it to a certain extent.
引文
[1]孙宏岭 戚世钧,现代物流活动与绩效分析[M],中国物资出版社
[2]http//www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/zhishujigou/zhuhangju/guanlipindao/gongzuodongtai/200803/t20080331_476397.html
[3]刘志强,物流配送系统设计[M],北京-清华大学出版社 2004
[4]ETIL M."A supply network model with base-stock control and service requirement",[J].Operations Research,2002.48(2)
[5]贾争现 刘康,物流配送中心规划与设计[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2004
[6]汝宜红 宋伯慧,配送管理[M],机械工业出版社
[7]姚城,物流配送中心规划与运作管理[M],广东经济出版社,2004
[8]刘昌棋,物流配送中心设计[M],机械工业出版,2001.9
[9]李万秋,物流中心运作与管理[M],中国物资出版社,2002
[10]张洋,配送中心的策略探讨[D],天津工业大学
[11]秦明森,物流作业优化方法[M],中国物资出版社 2003
[12]陈子侠 张芮,陈颢物流中心规划设计[M].北京-高等教育出版社 2005
[13]K,C.Tan,L.H.Lee,Q.L.Zhu and K.Ou,"Heuristic methods for vehicle routing problem with time windows",Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,Elsevier Science Publishers,2001,pp.281-295
[14]秦明森,物流技术手册[M],北京-中国物资出版社 2002.12
[15]王燕 蒋笑梅,配送中心全程规划[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2004
[16]李万秋,物流中心运作与管理[M],北京-清华大学出版社 2003
[17]廖洁君,物流配送调度优化模型的研究及应用[D],大连海事大学,2005
[18]杜文,物流运输与配送管理[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2006
[19]孙洪茹,城市物流配送体系及其路线的研究[D],山东科技大学,2006
[20]邓爱民 王少梅 汪利君,城市物流配送系统优化研究[J],武汉理工大学,2006
[21]Fisher.M.L.,"Optimal,Solution of vehicle Routing Problems Using Minimum K-trees",Operations Research 42,1994,pp.626-642
[22]秦明森,物流运输与配送管理实务[M],中国物资出版社 2006
[23]袁庆达 游斌,库存-运输联合优化问题简介[J],物流技术,第五期.9-10
[24]李军 郭耀煌,物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法[M],北京-中国物资出版社 2001
[25]S.R.Thangiah,I.H.Osman,T.Sun,"HybridGeneticAlgorithm SimulatedAnnealing and Tabu Search Methods for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows",Technical Report 27,Computer Science Department,Slippery Rock University,1994
[26]FELIXTS CHAN,SHCHUNG.Multicriterion genetic optimization for due date assigned distribution network problems[J]Decision SupportSystems,2005,39:661-675
[27]郎茂祥,基于遗传算法的物流配送路径优化问题研究[J],中国公路学报2002 第三期,76-79
[28]许胜余,物流配送中心管理[M],四川人民出版社 2002.9
[29]胡建国,关于配送中心作业流程中若干环节的研究[D],长沙理工大学,2004
[30]王崇鲁,如何进行运输与配送管理[M],北京-北京大学出版社 2004
[31]纪寿文,仓储与配送管理[M],深圳-海天出版社 2004
[32]杜栋 庞秋华,现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M],管理科学与工程专业研究系列教材,2005:10
[33]刘胜军,精益生产现代IE[M],海天出版社
[34]刘昌棋,物流配送中心拣选系统选择及设计[M].北京-机械工业出版,2005
[35]吴红平,企业配送流程优化[D].江苏大学,2005
[36]李雅芬 郑磊,物流客户服务业务管理模扳与岗位操作流程[M],中国经济出版社,2005
[37]程国全 张庆华,物流信息系统规划[M],中国物资出版社,2004
[38]牛东来,现代物流信息系统[M],北京-清华大学出版社 2004
[39]杨永明 周剑敏,物流信息系统管理[M],电子工业出版社 2005-02-01
[40]邓永康,电子商务中的物流配送[M],中国物资流通,2001.5
[41]赵秋红 汪寿阳 黎建强,物流管理中的优化方法与应用分析[M],北京-科学出版社 2006.05
[42]仲文 陈代芬,物流配送技术与实物[M],北京-人民交通出版社,2001
[2]http//www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/zhishujigou/zhuhangju/guanlipindao/gongzuodongtai/200803/t20080331_476397.html
[3]刘志强,物流配送系统设计[M],北京-清华大学出版社 2004
[4]ETIL M."A supply network model with base-stock control and service requirement",[J].Operations Research,2002.48(2)
[5]贾争现 刘康,物流配送中心规划与设计[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2004
[6]汝宜红 宋伯慧,配送管理[M],机械工业出版社
[7]姚城,物流配送中心规划与运作管理[M],广东经济出版社,2004
[8]刘昌棋,物流配送中心设计[M],机械工业出版,2001.9
[9]李万秋,物流中心运作与管理[M],中国物资出版社,2002
[10]张洋,配送中心的策略探讨[D],天津工业大学
[11]秦明森,物流作业优化方法[M],中国物资出版社 2003
[12]陈子侠 张芮,陈颢物流中心规划设计[M].北京-高等教育出版社 2005
[13]K,C.Tan,L.H.Lee,Q.L.Zhu and K.Ou,"Heuristic methods for vehicle routing problem with time windows",Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,Elsevier Science Publishers,2001,pp.281-295
[14]秦明森,物流技术手册[M],北京-中国物资出版社 2002.12
[15]王燕 蒋笑梅,配送中心全程规划[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2004
[16]李万秋,物流中心运作与管理[M],北京-清华大学出版社 2003
[17]廖洁君,物流配送调度优化模型的研究及应用[D],大连海事大学,2005
[18]杜文,物流运输与配送管理[M],北京-机械工业出版社 2006
[19]孙洪茹,城市物流配送体系及其路线的研究[D],山东科技大学,2006
[20]邓爱民 王少梅 汪利君,城市物流配送系统优化研究[J],武汉理工大学,2006
[21]Fisher.M.L.,"Optimal,Solution of vehicle Routing Problems Using Minimum K-trees",Operations Research 42,1994,pp.626-642
[22]秦明森,物流运输与配送管理实务[M],中国物资出版社 2006
[23]袁庆达 游斌,库存-运输联合优化问题简介[J],物流技术,第五期.9-10
[24]李军 郭耀煌,物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法[M],北京-中国物资出版社 2001
[25]S.R.Thangiah,I.H.Osman,T.Sun,"HybridGeneticAlgorithm SimulatedAnnealing and Tabu Search Methods for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows",Technical Report 27,Computer Science Department,Slippery Rock University,1994
[26]FELIXTS CHAN,SHCHUNG.Multicriterion genetic optimization for due date assigned distribution network problems[J]Decision SupportSystems,2005,39:661-675
[27]郎茂祥,基于遗传算法的物流配送路径优化问题研究[J],中国公路学报2002 第三期,76-79
[28]许胜余,物流配送中心管理[M],四川人民出版社 2002.9
[29]胡建国,关于配送中心作业流程中若干环节的研究[D],长沙理工大学,2004
[30]王崇鲁,如何进行运输与配送管理[M],北京-北京大学出版社 2004
[31]纪寿文,仓储与配送管理[M],深圳-海天出版社 2004
[32]杜栋 庞秋华,现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M],管理科学与工程专业研究系列教材,2005:10
[33]刘胜军,精益生产现代IE[M],海天出版社
[34]刘昌棋,物流配送中心拣选系统选择及设计[M].北京-机械工业出版,2005
[35]吴红平,企业配送流程优化[D].江苏大学,2005
[36]李雅芬 郑磊,物流客户服务业务管理模扳与岗位操作流程[M],中国经济出版社,2005
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