自适应数字波束形成算法及其在雷达中的应用研究
摘要
自适应阵列技术是阵列信号处理的重要分支之一,在雷达、通信、声纳、导航、语音信号处理等军事和民用领域有着广阔的发展前景,特别是近年来已成为新一代多功能自适应有源相控阵雷达和移动通信智能天线中的关键技术。自适应阵列技术经历了近半个世纪的发展,取得了丰硕的研究成果,并逐步走向工程实用化,但对自适应阵列技术的研究远非完善。
本文主要研究了副瓣对消系统在雷达抗有源干扰中的应用。首先简要概述了自适应数字波束形成的基础知识和雷达在干扰环境下的性能分析。讲解了自适应副瓣对消的原理
其次研究了一种专门适用于副瓣对消系统的自适应通道补偿方法。针对通道的频带特性不一致性对自适应阵列性能的影响,详细分析了传统的自适应通道补偿方法的缺点,提出了一种基于带宽分割的空时自适应通道补偿方法。该方法通过带宽分割,使得每个子带的失配波纹数大大下降,从而能够在通道失配波纹数较多的情况下实时并较好地实现自适应通道补偿。并为空时二维自适应副瓣相消器的系统设计提供理论依据。
最后研究相控阵雷达技术的一个重要组成部分—自适应旁瓣相消,针对正在进行的常规雷达加装自适应副瓣相消(ASLC)系统的课题,给出了空时二维自适应副瓣相消器的系统设计,并设计了一个基于单片TMS320C6711芯片的自适应处理器,该处理器的设计使系统得到了大大的简化。它将天线技术与信号处理技术结合在一起,使相控阵天线实现超低副瓣,达到抗有源干扰的目的。最后分析了副瓣对消器的设计方案。
Adaptive array (AA) technique is one of the branches in array signal processing. It has played important roles in both military and commercial application fields, such as radar, communication, sonar, navigation, acoustics and speech signal processing, and so on. Especially, it has become a key technique in adaptive active phased array multifunction radars and smart antennas for mobile communication systems. With about half a century's development, numbers of scholars have made great progress in AA techniques. Nowadays, AA has become applied in real systems. However, the research in this field is far from perfect. The array signal adaptive digital beamforming is studied in this thesis. The common DBF algorithms and error model are summarized in the article and the method of suppressing the main-beam disturb and stationary interferers is investigated. This thesis analyses the application of virtual transformation in array signal and the adaptive pattern control is studied. This article has mainly studied the secondary lobe cancellation system in radar anti-active jamming application. First was brief has outlined the auto-adapted numeral beam forming elementary knowledge and the radar under disturbance environment performance analysis. Explained the principle which the auto-adapted secondary lobe cancels.
Next studied one kind to be suitable specially for the secondary lobe cancellation system auto-adapted channel compensating process. In view of the channel frequency band characteristic nonuniformity to the auto-adapted array performance influence, the multianalysis tradition auto-adapted channel compensating process shortcoming, proposed one kind based on the band width division free time auto-adapted channel compensating process. This method through the band width division, causes each innertube the unbalance ripple number to drop greatly, thus can real-time and realizes the auto-adapted channel compensation well in channel unbalance ripple number many situations. And disappears for the free time two-dimensional auto-adapted secondary lobe the system design provides the theory basis.
Finally studies the phased-array radar technology an important constituent -auto-adapted side lobe to disappear, in view of the conventional radar which carries on is installing the auto-adapted secondary lobe to disappear the (ASLC) system topic, has given the free time two-dimensional auto-adapted secondary lobe disappears the system design, and has designed one based on the monolithic TMS320C6711 chip auto-adapted processor, this processor design enable the system to obtain the big simplification. A kind of algorithm and architecture are described which have specific application to high performance, digital, adaptive beamforming. Adaptive sidelobe cancellation is a important part of phase array radar. To realize low sidelobe and suppressing the interferer the antenna technique and signal process are combined.
本文主要研究了副瓣对消系统在雷达抗有源干扰中的应用。首先简要概述了自适应数字波束形成的基础知识和雷达在干扰环境下的性能分析。讲解了自适应副瓣对消的原理
其次研究了一种专门适用于副瓣对消系统的自适应通道补偿方法。针对通道的频带特性不一致性对自适应阵列性能的影响,详细分析了传统的自适应通道补偿方法的缺点,提出了一种基于带宽分割的空时自适应通道补偿方法。该方法通过带宽分割,使得每个子带的失配波纹数大大下降,从而能够在通道失配波纹数较多的情况下实时并较好地实现自适应通道补偿。并为空时二维自适应副瓣相消器的系统设计提供理论依据。
最后研究相控阵雷达技术的一个重要组成部分—自适应旁瓣相消,针对正在进行的常规雷达加装自适应副瓣相消(ASLC)系统的课题,给出了空时二维自适应副瓣相消器的系统设计,并设计了一个基于单片TMS320C6711芯片的自适应处理器,该处理器的设计使系统得到了大大的简化。它将天线技术与信号处理技术结合在一起,使相控阵天线实现超低副瓣,达到抗有源干扰的目的。最后分析了副瓣对消器的设计方案。
Adaptive array (AA) technique is one of the branches in array signal processing. It has played important roles in both military and commercial application fields, such as radar, communication, sonar, navigation, acoustics and speech signal processing, and so on. Especially, it has become a key technique in adaptive active phased array multifunction radars and smart antennas for mobile communication systems. With about half a century's development, numbers of scholars have made great progress in AA techniques. Nowadays, AA has become applied in real systems. However, the research in this field is far from perfect. The array signal adaptive digital beamforming is studied in this thesis. The common DBF algorithms and error model are summarized in the article and the method of suppressing the main-beam disturb and stationary interferers is investigated. This thesis analyses the application of virtual transformation in array signal and the adaptive pattern control is studied. This article has mainly studied the secondary lobe cancellation system in radar anti-active jamming application. First was brief has outlined the auto-adapted numeral beam forming elementary knowledge and the radar under disturbance environment performance analysis. Explained the principle which the auto-adapted secondary lobe cancels.
Next studied one kind to be suitable specially for the secondary lobe cancellation system auto-adapted channel compensating process. In view of the channel frequency band characteristic nonuniformity to the auto-adapted array performance influence, the multianalysis tradition auto-adapted channel compensating process shortcoming, proposed one kind based on the band width division free time auto-adapted channel compensating process. This method through the band width division, causes each innertube the unbalance ripple number to drop greatly, thus can real-time and realizes the auto-adapted channel compensation well in channel unbalance ripple number many situations. And disappears for the free time two-dimensional auto-adapted secondary lobe the system design provides the theory basis.
Finally studies the phased-array radar technology an important constituent -auto-adapted side lobe to disappear, in view of the conventional radar which carries on is installing the auto-adapted secondary lobe to disappear the (ASLC) system topic, has given the free time two-dimensional auto-adapted secondary lobe disappears the system design, and has designed one based on the monolithic TMS320C6711 chip auto-adapted processor, this processor design enable the system to obtain the big simplification. A kind of algorithm and architecture are described which have specific application to high performance, digital, adaptive beamforming. Adaptive sidelobe cancellation is a important part of phase array radar. To realize low sidelobe and suppressing the interferer the antenna technique and signal process are combined.
引文
[1]16.6.W.F.Gabriel.Adaptive arrays_An introduction.Proc.of the IEEE,Vol.64,pp.239-272,1976.
[2]H.A.Assumpaco.Some new signal processors for array of sensors.IEEE Trans.Information Theory,Vol.26,No.4,pp.441-453,1979.
[3]R.J.Maillous.Phased array theory and technology.Proc.of the IEEE,Vol.70,pp.246-291,1982.
[4]C.R.Ward,A.J.Robson,P.J.Hargrave and J.G.Mcwhirter.Application of a systolic array to adaptive bearnforming,IEE Proc.,Pts.F,Vo1.131,No.6,pp.638-645,1983.
[5]K.M.Buckley and L.J.Griffiths.An adaptive generalized sidelobe canceller with derivative constraints,IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.Vol.34,No.3,pp.311-319,1986.
[6]W.F.Gabriel.Using spectral estimation techniques in adaptive processing antenna system.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation,Vol.34,No.3,pp.291-300,1986.
[7]B.D.Van Veen and K.M.Buckley.Beamforming:A versatile approach to spatial filtering.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Mag.,Vol.5,pp.3-24,1987.
[8]J.G.Mcwhirter and T.J.Shdpherd.Systolic array processor for MVDR beamforming.IEE Proc.,Pts.F,Vo1.136,No.2,pp.75-80,1989.
[9]M.Viberg and B.Ottersten.Sensor array processing based on subspace filtering.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation,Vol.39,No.5,pp.1110-1121,1991.
[10]W.F.Gabriel.Adaptive processing array systems.Proc.of the IEEE,Vol.80,No.1,1992.
[11]赵永波,稳健的阵列信号处理技术及其应用,西安电子科技大学博士论文,2000年11月.
[12]陈晓初.自适应阵对角线加载研究.电子学报,Vol.26,No.4,pp.29-35,1998.
[13]廖桂生,保铮,张林让.基于特征结构的自适应波束形成新算法.电子学报,Vol.26,No.3,pp.23-26,1998.
[14]R.Goochr,J.Lundell.The CM array:an adaptive beamformer for constant modulus signal.Proc ICASSP'86,Tokyo,pp.2523-2526,1986.
[15]刘宏伟,张守宏,廖桂生.一种基于信号谱自相关特性的盲波束形成方法.西安电子科技大学学报,Vol.24,No.1,pp.58-65,1997.
[16]张林让,保铮,张玉洪.通道响应失配对DBF天线旁瓣电平的影响.电子科学学刊,Vol.17,No.3,pp.268-275,1995.
[17]吴洹、张玉洪,吴顺君,用于阵列处理的自适应均衡器的研究,现代雷达,Vol.16,No.1,pp.49-56,1993.
[18]R.J.Mailloux,Covariance matrix augmentation to produce adaptive array pattern troughs,Electronics Letters,Vol.31,No.10,pp.771-772,1995.
[19]陶建义,“基于外辐射源的无源雷达技术”,现代电子,2002(3)
[20]王盛利,倪晋麟,“双(多)基地与非协作照射源无源雷达”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[21]董士嘉,“利用广播和电视信号探测目标的无源雷达设计”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[22]陈晓初.相控阵雷达自适应数字波束形成.西安电子科技大学博士论文 1992年11月.
[23]空军第二研究所.现役雷达加装自适应天线旁瓣相消与匿影设备方案论证研制论证报告,1996.
[24]孔铁生.相控阵雷达自适应数字波束形成技术研究.国防科技大学博士论文,1993年10月.
[25]任丽香,马淑芬、李方慧.TMS320C6000系列DSPS的原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2000.
[26]傅有光,唐纬,张倩,通道间幅相差异对旁瓣相消性能的影响与解决方法.现代雷达,a)2000.22(6):50-55
[27]“提高现役警戒雷达抗有源干扰性能的技术报告”,西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理重点实验室,1996年3月。
[28]丁鹭飞、耿富录,“雷达原理”,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995年。
[29]韩培尧,“雷达抗干扰技术',,国防工业出版社,1980年1月。
[30]顾耀平编译,“国外电子装备手册”,电子工业部第二十九所,1984年5月。
[31]张贤达,“现代信号处理”,清华大学出版社,1998年12月。
[32]“世界地面雷达手册”,电子工业部第十四研究所。
[33]胡光瑞,“信号与系统”,上海交通出版社,1995
[34]丁鹭飞,耿富录,“雷达原理”,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
[35]贾鸿志,“雷达信号分析”,南京理工大学,1995
[36]林茂庸,柯有安,“雷达信号理论”,国防工业出版社,1981
[37]石镇,“自适应天线原理”,国防工业出版社,1991
[38]董士嘉,“利用广播和电视信号探测目标的无源雷达设计”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[39]阮颖铮等,“雷达截面与隐身技术”,国防工业出版社,1998
[40]石镇,“自适应天线原理”,国防工业出版社,1991
[41]罗景青,保铮.雷达阵列信号处理技术的新发展.现代雷达.1993
[2]H.A.Assumpaco.Some new signal processors for array of sensors.IEEE Trans.Information Theory,Vol.26,No.4,pp.441-453,1979.
[3]R.J.Maillous.Phased array theory and technology.Proc.of the IEEE,Vol.70,pp.246-291,1982.
[4]C.R.Ward,A.J.Robson,P.J.Hargrave and J.G.Mcwhirter.Application of a systolic array to adaptive bearnforming,IEE Proc.,Pts.F,Vo1.131,No.6,pp.638-645,1983.
[5]K.M.Buckley and L.J.Griffiths.An adaptive generalized sidelobe canceller with derivative constraints,IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.Vol.34,No.3,pp.311-319,1986.
[6]W.F.Gabriel.Using spectral estimation techniques in adaptive processing antenna system.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation,Vol.34,No.3,pp.291-300,1986.
[7]B.D.Van Veen and K.M.Buckley.Beamforming:A versatile approach to spatial filtering.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Mag.,Vol.5,pp.3-24,1987.
[8]J.G.Mcwhirter and T.J.Shdpherd.Systolic array processor for MVDR beamforming.IEE Proc.,Pts.F,Vo1.136,No.2,pp.75-80,1989.
[9]M.Viberg and B.Ottersten.Sensor array processing based on subspace filtering.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation,Vol.39,No.5,pp.1110-1121,1991.
[10]W.F.Gabriel.Adaptive processing array systems.Proc.of the IEEE,Vol.80,No.1,1992.
[11]赵永波,稳健的阵列信号处理技术及其应用,西安电子科技大学博士论文,2000年11月.
[12]陈晓初.自适应阵对角线加载研究.电子学报,Vol.26,No.4,pp.29-35,1998.
[13]廖桂生,保铮,张林让.基于特征结构的自适应波束形成新算法.电子学报,Vol.26,No.3,pp.23-26,1998.
[14]R.Goochr,J.Lundell.The CM array:an adaptive beamformer for constant modulus signal.Proc ICASSP'86,Tokyo,pp.2523-2526,1986.
[15]刘宏伟,张守宏,廖桂生.一种基于信号谱自相关特性的盲波束形成方法.西安电子科技大学学报,Vol.24,No.1,pp.58-65,1997.
[16]张林让,保铮,张玉洪.通道响应失配对DBF天线旁瓣电平的影响.电子科学学刊,Vol.17,No.3,pp.268-275,1995.
[17]吴洹、张玉洪,吴顺君,用于阵列处理的自适应均衡器的研究,现代雷达,Vol.16,No.1,pp.49-56,1993.
[18]R.J.Mailloux,Covariance matrix augmentation to produce adaptive array pattern troughs,Electronics Letters,Vol.31,No.10,pp.771-772,1995.
[19]陶建义,“基于外辐射源的无源雷达技术”,现代电子,2002(3)
[20]王盛利,倪晋麟,“双(多)基地与非协作照射源无源雷达”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[21]董士嘉,“利用广播和电视信号探测目标的无源雷达设计”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[22]陈晓初.相控阵雷达自适应数字波束形成.西安电子科技大学博士论文 1992年11月.
[23]空军第二研究所.现役雷达加装自适应天线旁瓣相消与匿影设备方案论证研制论证报告,1996.
[24]孔铁生.相控阵雷达自适应数字波束形成技术研究.国防科技大学博士论文,1993年10月.
[25]任丽香,马淑芬、李方慧.TMS320C6000系列DSPS的原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2000.
[26]傅有光,唐纬,张倩,通道间幅相差异对旁瓣相消性能的影响与解决方法.现代雷达,a)2000.22(6):50-55
[27]“提高现役警戒雷达抗有源干扰性能的技术报告”,西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理重点实验室,1996年3月。
[28]丁鹭飞、耿富录,“雷达原理”,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995年。
[29]韩培尧,“雷达抗干扰技术',,国防工业出版社,1980年1月。
[30]顾耀平编译,“国外电子装备手册”,电子工业部第二十九所,1984年5月。
[31]张贤达,“现代信号处理”,清华大学出版社,1998年12月。
[32]“世界地面雷达手册”,电子工业部第十四研究所。
[33]胡光瑞,“信号与系统”,上海交通出版社,1995
[34]丁鹭飞,耿富录,“雷达原理”,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
[35]贾鸿志,“雷达信号分析”,南京理工大学,1995
[36]林茂庸,柯有安,“雷达信号理论”,国防工业出版社,1981
[37]石镇,“自适应天线原理”,国防工业出版社,1991
[38]董士嘉,“利用广播和电视信号探测目标的无源雷达设计”,信息产业部电子第十四研究所论文集
[39]阮颖铮等,“雷达截面与隐身技术”,国防工业出版社,1998
[40]石镇,“自适应天线原理”,国防工业出版社,1991
[41]罗景青,保铮.雷达阵列信号处理技术的新发展.现代雷达.1993
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