利用.NET技术实现电子政务系统的研究
摘要
近年来,电子政务建设在我国一直是一个热门领域。我国电子政务建设取得了一定的成绩,但也面临着两个主要的难点:第一个是信息孤岛问题;第二个是电子政务的一体化问题。电子政务建设迫切需要一个完善的解决方案,使系统的各部分的业务处理系统有机地结合起来,这是我国现阶段电子政务建设必须解决的问题。从一开始的设计就要考虑到将来的集成性,或者对已有系统的改造要考虑适应将来集成系统的需要。Web Services正是提供这样一个针对诸多异构平台、异构数据的集成系统的'最好的实现的方案。Web Service利用了现有的HTTP和XML等成熟技术,实现了不同应用系统松散耦合的集成,其开放性、良好的互操作性、语言和平台的无关性等优点,成为解决异构系统集成的首选。它得到了大多数软件厂商的支持,具有广阔的应用前景。正是由于Web Services的这些特点,使得其成为电子政务解决方案的一个理想选择。本文主要是通过一个电子政务系统实际项目的设计与实现探讨WebServices技术在电子政务系统中的应用。首先,回顾了电子政务的基本概念、电子政务在国内外的发展以及理论上和实践中的一些热点和难点问题。其次,深入研究目前XML技术的标准,包括基础标准和应用标准,对解析器SAX和DOM、XML模式DTD和XMLSehema等进行比较分析。再次,研究了Web Services的体系结构,包括Web Services的概念、协议栈、开发平台等方面的内容。通过对照当前电子政务发展中存在的问题以及WebServices技术的特点,提出将Web Services技术应用到电子政务系统中以解决其通用、跨平台、可维护等方面的问题。最后,选用具有最完善的Web Services技术框架的.NET平台作为开发平台,在设计上使用基于B/S的三层运行模式。在确定了总体设计方案的基础上,运用Visual Studio.NET开发工具对整个系统进行开发实现。在开发过程中综合应用了基于ASENET页面技术、基于ADO.NET的SQL数据库查询技术、以XML为核心的Web Services协议栈调用和使用技术。结尾处文章总结了系统的运行情7畀.以及需要改讲之皮h。
In recent years, the building of E-government (electronic government) has been a hot field all the time in our country. It has obtained certain achievement, but faces two main problems: The first is the question of detached island of information; The second is the integration of E-government. The building of E-government needs urgently a perfect solution and a real E-government platform without obstacles, makes those isolated business system in every department integrate closely, and realizes the maximal improve of government's business efficiency. It is also the problem that must be solved in our actual E-government construction stage.
E-government is a multi-tier network adopting manifold technique and application. There are some information gaps between the different government departments, just like different database or different application. The only way to real communion is adopting integrative design. Web Service is suitable for E-government system because of it based on HTTP and XML, which both independent of platform.
.NET frameworks are powerful development platform and tools. This thesis analyzed the advantage of .NET platform in developing Web Service and enterprise application.
It is discussed in this report that an application about Web Services in E-government passing a design and realizations of an actual system.
First, reviewed E-government's basic concept, the E-government in the domestic and foreign development as well as theoretically with practice in some hot spots and the difficult question.
Secondly, the deep research present XML technology's standard, including the primary standard and the application standard, to resolver SAX and DOM, XML pattern DTD and XMLSehema and so on carries on the comparative analysis.
Thirdly, has studied the Web Services architecture, including the Web Services concept, the agreement stack, develops aspect and so on platform contents. Develops the question which as well as Web through the comparison current E-government exists the Services technology characteristic, proposed that technology applies in the E-government system Web the Services to solve its, the cross platform, to be possible general to maintain and so on aspect questions.
Finally, selects has most perfect Web Services the technical frame .NET platform achievement to develop the platform,uses in the design based on the B/S three movement pattern. In had determined in overall project design's foundation, utilizes Visual Studio. The NET development kit carries on the development to the overall system to realize. Synthesized in the performance history has applied based on the ASP.NET page technology, based on the ADO.NET SQL database inquiry technology, take XML as core Web the Services agreement stack transfer and the use technology. The ending place article summarized system's operational aspect as well as needs place of the improvement.
In recent years, the building of E-government (electronic government) has been a hot field all the time in our country. It has obtained certain achievement, but faces two main problems: The first is the question of detached island of information; The second is the integration of E-government. The building of E-government needs urgently a perfect solution and a real E-government platform without obstacles, makes those isolated business system in every department integrate closely, and realizes the maximal improve of government's business efficiency. It is also the problem that must be solved in our actual E-government construction stage.
E-government is a multi-tier network adopting manifold technique and application. There are some information gaps between the different government departments, just like different database or different application. The only way to real communion is adopting integrative design. Web Service is suitable for E-government system because of it based on HTTP and XML, which both independent of platform.
.NET frameworks are powerful development platform and tools. This thesis analyzed the advantage of .NET platform in developing Web Service and enterprise application.
It is discussed in this report that an application about Web Services in E-government passing a design and realizations of an actual system.
First, reviewed E-government's basic concept, the E-government in the domestic and foreign development as well as theoretically with practice in some hot spots and the difficult question.
Secondly, the deep research present XML technology's standard, including the primary standard and the application standard, to resolver SAX and DOM, XML pattern DTD and XMLSehema and so on carries on the comparative analysis.
Thirdly, has studied the Web Services architecture, including the Web Services concept, the agreement stack, develops aspect and so on platform contents. Develops the question which as well as Web through the comparison current E-government exists the Services technology characteristic, proposed that technology applies in the E-government system Web the Services to solve its, the cross platform, to be possible general to maintain and so on aspect questions.
Finally, selects has most perfect Web Services the technical frame .NET platform achievement to develop the platform,uses in the design based on the B/S three movement pattern. In had determined in overall project design's foundation, utilizes Visual Studio. The NET development kit carries on the development to the overall system to realize. Synthesized in the performance history has applied based on the ASP.NET page technology, based on the ADO.NET SQL database inquiry technology, take XML as core Web the Services agreement stack transfer and the use technology. The ending place article summarized system's operational aspect as well as needs place of the improvement.
引文
[1]徐小林,杨兰蓉.电子政务导论.武汉出版社,2006,(51):37-39
[2]高秦伟.构建电子政府的理论分析.政府管理,2002,25(1):14-19
[3]吴扬扬,陈锻生.一个基于XML的WEB信息源集成方案.计算机工程与应用,2003.7:32-35
[4]HAGEN,M.,KUBICEK,One-Stop-Government in Europe:Results of national surveys,University of Bremen,1993,9(5):592-606
[5]徐周,黄上腾.基于XML实现数据库间信息交换的方法.计算机工程,2005.5(19):41-43
[6]高秦伟.构建电子政府的理论分析.政府管理,1993,9(5):592-606
[7]黄京明,张毅,许俊华.基于Web的分布式数据传输系统研究及其实现.计算机工程与应用,2006,9(2):38-40
[8]Mark Graves.XML数据库设计.机械工业出版社,2003:12-15
[9]Dr Kerschberg.E-Government and Web Services:Are Web Services the Key Technology that Can Fulfill the Goal.George Mason University.2004.(2)3:833-837
[10]吕志军,项前,杨建国.基于Web Service的N层分布式集成技术研究.现代制造工程,2004,(7):152-167
[11]江左文,李淑芝,左坤隆.利用J2EE开发企业平台的结构分析.计算机系统应用,2001,(2):30-32
[12]许佑骏,王力生.Web Service技术进行企业系统应用集成的研究.计算机应用与软件,2004,(6):224-230
[13]翟丽芳,张卫.P2P网络Peer访问Web Service的研究和实现.微电子学与计算机,2004,(5):147-158
[14]高文宇,陈松乔.构建基于Web Service的企业分布式应用.计算机应用,2003,(22):26-33
[15]张艳.基于Web Service实现电子政务异构系统的数据交换和共享.办公自动化,2003,(6):77-98
[16]王银杰,宋顺林.电子政务数据交换平台的技术与架构.计算机应用,2004,(21):112-162
[17]庞引明.XML数据库最新进展和发展方向.计算机世界报,2000:56-58
[18]孙正兴,戚鲁编著.电子政务原理与技术.人民邮电出版社,2003,4:25-50
[19]宋善德,何栋,梅雪莲.在J2EE体系结构上构建基于的数据交换系统.小型微型计算机系统,2005.96-131
[20]翟丽芳,张卫.P2P网络访问Web Service的研究和实现.微电子学与计算机,2000,11(2):173-176
[21]高文宇,陈松乔.构建基于的企业分布式应用.计算机应用,1998:82-88
[22]张艳.基于实现电子政务异构系统的数据交换和共享.办公自动化,2005,10:3-9
[23]王银杰,宋顺林.电子政务数据交换平台的技术与架构计算机应用,2004,21:55-71
[24]向真,吴秋云,陈革.电子政务三网模式下的数据交换.计算机工程与科学,2004,8:226-235
[25]张繁,蔡家媚.电子政务系统中的数据交换和共享服务平台设计.计算机工程与应用,2003,2:127-155
[26]许佑骏,王力生.Web Service技术进行企业系统应用集成的研究.计算机应用与软件,2004,6:331-339
[27]樊蓉.基于Web Service的电子政务数据交换平台的研究与设计.西北工业出版社,2002:127-163
[28]吴矜.Web Services技术在电子政务系统中的应用及研究.同济大学出版社,2006:36-45
[29]周俊生.一种基于WIDL和XML RPC的B2B应用集成方案.计算机应用研究,2001.10:62-88
[30]Efthimios Tambouris.An Integrated Platform for Realising One-Stop Goverment:The eGOV project.DEXA01,IEEE Press,2001:110-230
[31]Dimitris G,Gregory M,Panagiotis G.Planning and Implementing e-Government ServiceDelivery:Achievements and Leamings from On-line Taxation in Greece.Workshop on e-Government in the context of the 8th PanhellenicConference on Informatics,2001:184-193
[32]金雪云.ASE NET高级开发技术与范例.电子工业出版社,2002,7:89-103
[33]李力鸿,邵敏,郑震坤.XML文档信息的几种转换方法分析与应用实例.计算机科学,2003,(2):65-72
[34]柴晓路著.Web Services架构与开放互操作技术.清华大学出版社,2002:263-274
[35]邹盟军,黄炜.基于消息机制和XML的数据交换中心的设计.电力系统及其自动化学报,2004,(4):252-261
[36]高圣杰.WEB开发架构.电力出版社,2000:17-36
[37]刘晓华著..NET Web服务开发指南.电子工业出版社,2002:196-207
[38]叶蕾,郭玲等.基于的异构数据集成领域的应用研究.吉林师范大学学报自然科学版,2003.03:201-223
[39]武刚.基于技术的深圳电子政务应用平台计算机工程与应用平台.计算机工程与应用,2003,11:16-21
[40]张树亮,李超编著.网络应用系统开发案例精解.北京清华大学出版社,2006,07:56-66
[41]刘三星.基于B/S结构的纳税人信息查询系统.计算机与现代化,2006,01:96-107
[42]刘芳珠,潘亦,潘金贵.基于三层网络架构及DOM的XML系统模型.小型微型计算机系统,2001,12:117-126
[43]王碹,李燕.应用Web Service构建多层架构的高效.NET应用.科学出版社,2005,02:30-62
[44]胡海璐,彭接文,胡智宇.XML Web Service高级编程范例.电子工业出版社,2003,02:56-71
[2]高秦伟.构建电子政府的理论分析.政府管理,2002,25(1):14-19
[3]吴扬扬,陈锻生.一个基于XML的WEB信息源集成方案.计算机工程与应用,2003.7:32-35
[4]HAGEN,M.,KUBICEK,One-Stop-Government in Europe:Results of national surveys,University of Bremen,1993,9(5):592-606
[5]徐周,黄上腾.基于XML实现数据库间信息交换的方法.计算机工程,2005.5(19):41-43
[6]高秦伟.构建电子政府的理论分析.政府管理,1993,9(5):592-606
[7]黄京明,张毅,许俊华.基于Web的分布式数据传输系统研究及其实现.计算机工程与应用,2006,9(2):38-40
[8]Mark Graves.XML数据库设计.机械工业出版社,2003:12-15
[9]Dr Kerschberg.E-Government and Web Services:Are Web Services the Key Technology that Can Fulfill the Goal.George Mason University.2004.(2)3:833-837
[10]吕志军,项前,杨建国.基于Web Service的N层分布式集成技术研究.现代制造工程,2004,(7):152-167
[11]江左文,李淑芝,左坤隆.利用J2EE开发企业平台的结构分析.计算机系统应用,2001,(2):30-32
[12]许佑骏,王力生.Web Service技术进行企业系统应用集成的研究.计算机应用与软件,2004,(6):224-230
[13]翟丽芳,张卫.P2P网络Peer访问Web Service的研究和实现.微电子学与计算机,2004,(5):147-158
[14]高文宇,陈松乔.构建基于Web Service的企业分布式应用.计算机应用,2003,(22):26-33
[15]张艳.基于Web Service实现电子政务异构系统的数据交换和共享.办公自动化,2003,(6):77-98
[16]王银杰,宋顺林.电子政务数据交换平台的技术与架构.计算机应用,2004,(21):112-162
[17]庞引明.XML数据库最新进展和发展方向.计算机世界报,2000:56-58
[18]孙正兴,戚鲁编著.电子政务原理与技术.人民邮电出版社,2003,4:25-50
[19]宋善德,何栋,梅雪莲.在J2EE体系结构上构建基于的数据交换系统.小型微型计算机系统,2005.96-131
[20]翟丽芳,张卫.P2P网络访问Web Service的研究和实现.微电子学与计算机,2000,11(2):173-176
[21]高文宇,陈松乔.构建基于的企业分布式应用.计算机应用,1998:82-88
[22]张艳.基于实现电子政务异构系统的数据交换和共享.办公自动化,2005,10:3-9
[23]王银杰,宋顺林.电子政务数据交换平台的技术与架构计算机应用,2004,21:55-71
[24]向真,吴秋云,陈革.电子政务三网模式下的数据交换.计算机工程与科学,2004,8:226-235
[25]张繁,蔡家媚.电子政务系统中的数据交换和共享服务平台设计.计算机工程与应用,2003,2:127-155
[26]许佑骏,王力生.Web Service技术进行企业系统应用集成的研究.计算机应用与软件,2004,6:331-339
[27]樊蓉.基于Web Service的电子政务数据交换平台的研究与设计.西北工业出版社,2002:127-163
[28]吴矜.Web Services技术在电子政务系统中的应用及研究.同济大学出版社,2006:36-45
[29]周俊生.一种基于WIDL和XML RPC的B2B应用集成方案.计算机应用研究,2001.10:62-88
[30]Efthimios Tambouris.An Integrated Platform for Realising One-Stop Goverment:The eGOV project.DEXA01,IEEE Press,2001:110-230
[31]Dimitris G,Gregory M,Panagiotis G.Planning and Implementing e-Government ServiceDelivery:Achievements and Leamings from On-line Taxation in Greece.Workshop on e-Government in the context of the 8th PanhellenicConference on Informatics,2001:184-193
[32]金雪云.ASE NET高级开发技术与范例.电子工业出版社,2002,7:89-103
[33]李力鸿,邵敏,郑震坤.XML文档信息的几种转换方法分析与应用实例.计算机科学,2003,(2):65-72
[34]柴晓路著.Web Services架构与开放互操作技术.清华大学出版社,2002:263-274
[35]邹盟军,黄炜.基于消息机制和XML的数据交换中心的设计.电力系统及其自动化学报,2004,(4):252-261
[36]高圣杰.WEB开发架构.电力出版社,2000:17-36
[37]刘晓华著..NET Web服务开发指南.电子工业出版社,2002:196-207
[38]叶蕾,郭玲等.基于的异构数据集成领域的应用研究.吉林师范大学学报自然科学版,2003.03:201-223
[39]武刚.基于技术的深圳电子政务应用平台计算机工程与应用平台.计算机工程与应用,2003,11:16-21
[40]张树亮,李超编著.网络应用系统开发案例精解.北京清华大学出版社,2006,07:56-66
[41]刘三星.基于B/S结构的纳税人信息查询系统.计算机与现代化,2006,01:96-107
[42]刘芳珠,潘亦,潘金贵.基于三层网络架构及DOM的XML系统模型.小型微型计算机系统,2001,12:117-126
[43]王碹,李燕.应用Web Service构建多层架构的高效.NET应用.科学出版社,2005,02:30-62
[44]胡海璐,彭接文,胡智宇.XML Web Service高级编程范例.电子工业出版社,2003,02:56-71
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