CMMI在软件企业项目管理中的应用研究
摘要
随着知识经济及信息化时代的到来,市场竞争更加激烈,拥有全面高效的管理信息系统已成为企业提高竞争力的有效手段之一。这就为软件行业带来了空前的机遇。近年来,中国的软件企业取得了飞速的发展。同时,也面临着自身管理水平的瓶颈。
如何对个性化的软件开发项目进行有效管理是软件企业面临的共同问题。美国卡耐基梅隆软件工程学院提出的能力成熟度整合模型(CMMI:CapabilityMaturity Model Integration),是在能力成熟模型(CMM:Capability MaturityModel)基础上的发展和完善,是当今软件过程改进领域的重要成果。CMMI融合了全面质量管理的思想,为软件企业的过程改进提供了标准,为软件企业的项目管理提供了方向。
本文从软件企业应用CMMI的实际出发,全面地介绍了CMMI和项目管理相关理论;并对我国软件企业实施CMMI的现状展开分析,论述了软件企业实施CMMI过程中存在的问题;在分析成因的基础上结合F公司的质量管理体系对软件企业在项目管理中应用CMMI给出了很好的示例。基于F公司实施后取得的成效和需要改进的方面进行了总结,最后提出对后续研究工作的展望,希望能让更多企业借鉴。
With knowledge-base economy and information era arrival, marketing competition is more vehemence; owning all-round high-effect information system becomes one of the enterprise's effective to improve the competitiveness. This brings the unprecedented opportunity for software trade. In recent years, the software enterprises of China obtain the development at full speed. Meanwhile, also face the bottleneck of one's own management level.
How to manage the individualized software development item effectively is the common problem that software enterprises face. CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) from American Carnegie Mellon is developed and completed based on CMM (Capability Maturity Model). It is that nowadays the important achievement of software process improvement field. CMMI has merge the thought of the total quality control, has offered the standard for process improvement of software enterprises, and also has pointed out the direction for project management of software enterprises.
This article embarks from the software enterprise using the CMMI reality, introduced CMMI and the project management correlation theories comprehensively; Analyze the current situation of our software enterprise implementing CMMI and discussing there exists problem that putting CMMI into practice. Apply CMMI to project management to software enterprise having given out very good demonstration combining with F company quality management system on the basis analyzing root cause. To summarize the effect and respect of improvement that based on F company makes after implementation, and finally proposed the future development of subsequent research work, hoped to let more enterprises use for reference.
如何对个性化的软件开发项目进行有效管理是软件企业面临的共同问题。美国卡耐基梅隆软件工程学院提出的能力成熟度整合模型(CMMI:CapabilityMaturity Model Integration),是在能力成熟模型(CMM:Capability MaturityModel)基础上的发展和完善,是当今软件过程改进领域的重要成果。CMMI融合了全面质量管理的思想,为软件企业的过程改进提供了标准,为软件企业的项目管理提供了方向。
本文从软件企业应用CMMI的实际出发,全面地介绍了CMMI和项目管理相关理论;并对我国软件企业实施CMMI的现状展开分析,论述了软件企业实施CMMI过程中存在的问题;在分析成因的基础上结合F公司的质量管理体系对软件企业在项目管理中应用CMMI给出了很好的示例。基于F公司实施后取得的成效和需要改进的方面进行了总结,最后提出对后续研究工作的展望,希望能让更多企业借鉴。
With knowledge-base economy and information era arrival, marketing competition is more vehemence; owning all-round high-effect information system becomes one of the enterprise's effective to improve the competitiveness. This brings the unprecedented opportunity for software trade. In recent years, the software enterprises of China obtain the development at full speed. Meanwhile, also face the bottleneck of one's own management level.
How to manage the individualized software development item effectively is the common problem that software enterprises face. CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) from American Carnegie Mellon is developed and completed based on CMM (Capability Maturity Model). It is that nowadays the important achievement of software process improvement field. CMMI has merge the thought of the total quality control, has offered the standard for process improvement of software enterprises, and also has pointed out the direction for project management of software enterprises.
This article embarks from the software enterprise using the CMMI reality, introduced CMMI and the project management correlation theories comprehensively; Analyze the current situation of our software enterprise implementing CMMI and discussing there exists problem that putting CMMI into practice. Apply CMMI to project management to software enterprise having given out very good demonstration combining with F company quality management system on the basis analyzing root cause. To summarize the effect and respect of improvement that based on F company makes after implementation, and finally proposed the future development of subsequent research work, hoped to let more enterprises use for reference.
引文
[1]CMMI Product Team,Capability Maturity Model(?)Integration(CMMISM),Version 1.2.
[2]林锐,CMMI和集成化软件研发管理,电子工业出版社,2008
[3]黄晓波,基于CMMI的软件过程改进的研究,暨南大学,2007
[4]万江平 孔学东 杨建梅,集成能力成熟度模型(CMMI)的研究,计算机应用研究,2001
[5]李庭春,计算机信息系统集成项目管理研究,中南大学,2005
[6]许用锋,软件项目计划管理和组织形式研究,武汉大学,2007
[7]张友生,软件企业实施CMM/CMMI面临的五个关键问题,希赛网 http://www.csai.cn
[8]古曦,基于CMMI的软件过程度量模型的研究与应用,重庆大学,2006
[9]Harold Kerzner,项目管理-进度、计划和控制的系统方法,电子工业出版社,2002
[10]周金陵 张鹏,基于CMMI的软件过程改进研究,计算机工程与设计,2003
[11]张秀娟,基于CMMI的软件过程改进实施模型研究,山东大学,2006年
[12]甘晓龙,基于CMMI的中小软件企业软件过程改进研究,西南交通大学,2006
[13]Frederick P.Brooks,UML China 翻译组汪颖,人月神话,清华大学出版社,2002
[14]吴超英,关于过程改进框架及其关键因素的探讨,计算机工程与应用,2002
[15]韩万江 姜立新,软件项目管理案例教程,机械工业出版社,2005
[16]屠强,基于CMM的软件过程评估的研究与实现,2007
[17]吕呈悦,基于CMM的软件过程定义方法的研究与实现,2006
[18]杨一平等,软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用,人民邮电出版社,2001
[19]邓景毅 叶世骑,软件成熟度模型(CMM)发展综述,计算机应用研究,2002
[20]彭纯军,我国中小软件企业基于CMM/CMMI的软件过程管理研究,暨南大学,2005
[21]郭澎 陈林,基于CMM/CMMI的SQA过程实施方法及其WEB实现,重庆大学,2006
[2]林锐,CMMI和集成化软件研发管理,电子工业出版社,2008
[3]黄晓波,基于CMMI的软件过程改进的研究,暨南大学,2007
[4]万江平 孔学东 杨建梅,集成能力成熟度模型(CMMI)的研究,计算机应用研究,2001
[5]李庭春,计算机信息系统集成项目管理研究,中南大学,2005
[6]许用锋,软件项目计划管理和组织形式研究,武汉大学,2007
[7]张友生,软件企业实施CMM/CMMI面临的五个关键问题,希赛网 http://www.csai.cn
[8]古曦,基于CMMI的软件过程度量模型的研究与应用,重庆大学,2006
[9]Harold Kerzner,项目管理-进度、计划和控制的系统方法,电子工业出版社,2002
[10]周金陵 张鹏,基于CMMI的软件过程改进研究,计算机工程与设计,2003
[11]张秀娟,基于CMMI的软件过程改进实施模型研究,山东大学,2006年
[12]甘晓龙,基于CMMI的中小软件企业软件过程改进研究,西南交通大学,2006
[13]Frederick P.Brooks,UML China 翻译组汪颖,人月神话,清华大学出版社,2002
[14]吴超英,关于过程改进框架及其关键因素的探讨,计算机工程与应用,2002
[15]韩万江 姜立新,软件项目管理案例教程,机械工业出版社,2005
[16]屠强,基于CMM的软件过程评估的研究与实现,2007
[17]吕呈悦,基于CMM的软件过程定义方法的研究与实现,2006
[18]杨一平等,软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用,人民邮电出版社,2001
[19]邓景毅 叶世骑,软件成熟度模型(CMM)发展综述,计算机应用研究,2002
[20]彭纯军,我国中小软件企业基于CMM/CMMI的软件过程管理研究,暨南大学,2005
[21]郭澎 陈林,基于CMM/CMMI的SQA过程实施方法及其WEB实现,重庆大学,2006