基于公共服务体系的网络教育学分互认的研究与实践
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摘要
我国的高等教育经历了学年制、学年学分制和学分制三个阶段,目前大多数高等院校仍然采用的是学年学分制。从1999年开始,现代远程教育的试点院校普遍采用了学分制。学分制适合在职成年人的学习特点,也为实现不同院校、不同类型教育的学分互认奠定了基础。
学分互认可以满足成年人多样化、个性化的学习需求;促进优质教育资源的利用和共享;给学习者带来了很大的方便和灵活性;促进了不同院校之间学术思想的碰撞和交流;同时,学分的互认带来的竞争也推进了各个学校的建设和发展。
2007年3月,教育部“十一五”计划中明确指出大力发展教育服务业,继续支持现代远程教育公共服务体系探索并实践终身化、网络化和开放式的继续教育发展模式,满足社会各类群体日益增长的学习需求。
现代远程教育公共服务体系是随着我国现代远程教育开展而出现的一个新生事物,也是随着现代服务业兴起而出现的一个新兴的服务行业。
基于现代远程教育公共服务体系能否构建网络教育的学分互认,这为本研究带来了兴奋点。本研究首先采用文献研究的方法比较分析了国内外资源共享、学分互换的方法和机制,其次从资源服务、信息服务、管理服务三个方面分析公共服务体系对网络教育学分互认的支持,公共服务体系作为合作网络学院公共的“出入口”,为大批网络学员提供支持与服务,其特殊地位和作用使学分互认具有可行性。为了深度挖掘基于公共服务体系模式的可行性,论文又对几家网院基于公共服务体系的学分互认的实际案例进行深入调研,自主设计“对修读外校网络课程的关注、对课程互选的期望、认为学习校外课程的意义、对互选网络课程的评价、对支持服务的评价、学习收获”6个一级指标,28个二级指标的指标体系为数据收集依据,采用问卷调查获得数据,统计分析案例中人群的需求和案例实施效果,采用访谈征求多方意见和看法,从案例的实际运行探讨学分互认给合作各方以及学生带来的益处,分析在学分互认过程中存在的问题。结合文献研究成果,对案例的推广和发展提出实施建议。
Higher education in China has gone through academic year system, academic year and credit system, and credit system. Nowadays, most of colleges also adopt academic year and credit system. From 1999when Modern Distance Education began, experimental college of network education in the universities adopted credit system generally. Credit system takes characteristics of adult learners who have jobs into consideration, and has brought chance of the establishment for credit exchange among different types of education and colleges or institution.
Credit exchange satisfies the multiply and personal needs of adult learners and promotes the sharing and use of excellent education resources. It also brings the convenience and flexible for learners, and makes the chance of exchange of academic ideas. Meanwhile, competitions which credit exchange has brought also are useful for the development of colleges.
On March of 2007, in order to fulfill peoples' multiple learning needs, Ministry of education emphases the importance of the development of education service trade and has called on to support Modern Distance Education Off-Campus Teaching Support Service System further to practice the lifelong, network and open further education module. This has brought the chance and challenge of the solution of sharing resources in the field of distance education.
Public Service System of Modern Distance Education is a newel along with the development of Modern Distance Education in our country, and it is also a new service business with modern service business comes up.
Is the module of network credit exchange based on Modern Distance Education Public Service System working? The thought makes the author excited. The paper at first uses the method of document research to analyze the methods and principles of sharing resources, credit exchange and transfer. And then, the author analyses the support of Public Service System in the credit exchange from the three latitudes, such as resources service, information service and management service. The paper analyses the platform role of Public Service System has played. It has served as the same "in and out point" for cooperated network colleges in the universities and has supplied supported service for large number of learners. Its special role makes credit exchange possible. Meanwhile, the paper aims at the case of the credit exchange between network educations based on Public Service System and investigates it deeply. The author designs 6 first indexes and the 28 second index as the points of data. By questionnaire the paper get data and analyzes the needs and evaluations of the learners in the case after computing the data, meanwhile, the author interviewed the different parts' opinions and ideas to research the benefits of credit exchange practically and the problems. At last, according to the document research, the paper makes some practical suggestions on the development of the case.
学分互认可以满足成年人多样化、个性化的学习需求;促进优质教育资源的利用和共享;给学习者带来了很大的方便和灵活性;促进了不同院校之间学术思想的碰撞和交流;同时,学分的互认带来的竞争也推进了各个学校的建设和发展。
2007年3月,教育部“十一五”计划中明确指出大力发展教育服务业,继续支持现代远程教育公共服务体系探索并实践终身化、网络化和开放式的继续教育发展模式,满足社会各类群体日益增长的学习需求。
现代远程教育公共服务体系是随着我国现代远程教育开展而出现的一个新生事物,也是随着现代服务业兴起而出现的一个新兴的服务行业。
基于现代远程教育公共服务体系能否构建网络教育的学分互认,这为本研究带来了兴奋点。本研究首先采用文献研究的方法比较分析了国内外资源共享、学分互换的方法和机制,其次从资源服务、信息服务、管理服务三个方面分析公共服务体系对网络教育学分互认的支持,公共服务体系作为合作网络学院公共的“出入口”,为大批网络学员提供支持与服务,其特殊地位和作用使学分互认具有可行性。为了深度挖掘基于公共服务体系模式的可行性,论文又对几家网院基于公共服务体系的学分互认的实际案例进行深入调研,自主设计“对修读外校网络课程的关注、对课程互选的期望、认为学习校外课程的意义、对互选网络课程的评价、对支持服务的评价、学习收获”6个一级指标,28个二级指标的指标体系为数据收集依据,采用问卷调查获得数据,统计分析案例中人群的需求和案例实施效果,采用访谈征求多方意见和看法,从案例的实际运行探讨学分互认给合作各方以及学生带来的益处,分析在学分互认过程中存在的问题。结合文献研究成果,对案例的推广和发展提出实施建议。
Higher education in China has gone through academic year system, academic year and credit system, and credit system. Nowadays, most of colleges also adopt academic year and credit system. From 1999when Modern Distance Education began, experimental college of network education in the universities adopted credit system generally. Credit system takes characteristics of adult learners who have jobs into consideration, and has brought chance of the establishment for credit exchange among different types of education and colleges or institution.
Credit exchange satisfies the multiply and personal needs of adult learners and promotes the sharing and use of excellent education resources. It also brings the convenience and flexible for learners, and makes the chance of exchange of academic ideas. Meanwhile, competitions which credit exchange has brought also are useful for the development of colleges.
On March of 2007, in order to fulfill peoples' multiple learning needs, Ministry of education emphases the importance of the development of education service trade and has called on to support Modern Distance Education Off-Campus Teaching Support Service System further to practice the lifelong, network and open further education module. This has brought the chance and challenge of the solution of sharing resources in the field of distance education.
Public Service System of Modern Distance Education is a newel along with the development of Modern Distance Education in our country, and it is also a new service business with modern service business comes up.
Is the module of network credit exchange based on Modern Distance Education Public Service System working? The thought makes the author excited. The paper at first uses the method of document research to analyze the methods and principles of sharing resources, credit exchange and transfer. And then, the author analyses the support of Public Service System in the credit exchange from the three latitudes, such as resources service, information service and management service. The paper analyses the platform role of Public Service System has played. It has served as the same "in and out point" for cooperated network colleges in the universities and has supplied supported service for large number of learners. Its special role makes credit exchange possible. Meanwhile, the paper aims at the case of the credit exchange between network educations based on Public Service System and investigates it deeply. The author designs 6 first indexes and the 28 second index as the points of data. By questionnaire the paper get data and analyzes the needs and evaluations of the learners in the case after computing the data, meanwhile, the author interviewed the different parts' opinions and ideas to research the benefits of credit exchange practically and the problems. At last, according to the document research, the paper makes some practical suggestions on the development of the case.
引文
[1]任为民.网络教育公共服务体系与数字化学习港的建设研究[J].现代远程教育研究.2007(4):5
[2]汤会琳.现代远程教育质量标准的分析视角[J].2007(3):9-12
[3]杨永贤,李明.远程教育的质量与质量保证体系新探[J].2007(6):127-128
[4]陈丽.远程教育学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004年7月:156
[5]吴琼.我国高校网络教育学习支持服务研究[D].南京.南京师范大学.2006:16
[6]王龙.中国高等教育精品课程资源共建共享的现状、问题、对策和相关分析[D].北京.首都师范大学.2006:25
[7]德斯蒙德·基更著.丁新等译.远距离教育理论原理[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社.1999.8
[8]刘天颂.对远程教育公共服务体系的思考[J].开放教育研究.2004(4):28
[9]刘华,姜为.学分互认的现状探究[J].继续教育研究.2007(2):125-128
[10]张相锋.英国高校实施学分累计和互认制度研究[D].上海.华东师范大学.2007:25
[11]林静,高校学分制比较研究[J].教书育人.2006(1):22-24
[12]王新凤,张炼.美国社区学院与我国两年制高职的比较研究[J].中国高教研究.2006(4)
[13]刘菊霞,吴庚生,张建伟.浅析我国远程教育资源的共建共享——兼论美国国家技术大学办学模式的启示[J].现代远距离教育.2004(94):19
[14]陈丽.远程教育中教与学的基本规律[M].北京:北京师范大学教育技术学院内部讲义.2006年3月
[15]沈颂华.建立教学共同体实现校际资源共享[J].中国高等教育.2001(3):18-19
[16]江滢.中等职业教育实行学分制教学的探讨[J].职业技术.2006(2):83-84
[17]马水红,谢晋.中美远程教育比较与思考[J].2006(3):34-36
[18]李萍萍,刘仁坤.中国远程教育公共服务体系管理模式的构建[J].开放教育研究.2005(4):19-23
[19]苏辛.重要资源[J].中国远程教育.2007(5):1
[20]钟阳春,赵正.美国大学学分制概述[J].西北医学教育.2005年.12卷(16):638-640
[21]何树声.美国归来话教育—美国教育制度特点初探[J].教育导刊.2004(8):41-44
[22]顾建华.论现代远程教育的学分制管理[J].远程教育杂志.2006(6):38-40
[23]Massachusetts Ave.The survey of some aspects of EuropeanHigherEducation At the beginning of the Third Millennium[M].2004.5
[24]史文崇,肖娟.网络教育资源共享的形势、障碍与关键问题[J].学习新论:
[25]楼浩英,姜斌.推进高校间学分互认[J].中国教育报.2007.4.10日.第009版
[26]吴永和.现代远程教育支持服务环境的构建[J].开发教育研究.2006,12(1):80-83
[27]黄黎明,卢勃.有效开发、利用信息化课程资源的机制[J].电化教育研究.2006(8):53-57
[28]许莉.成人高等教育实施学分制的实践探讨[J].教育与职业.2006.4(2)
[29]金涛,何猛.学分制下的现代远程教育学籍管理初探[J].南通职业大学学报.2003(6):72-75
[30]伊里亚斯,梅里安著.高志敏译.成人教育的哲学基础[M].职工教育出版社1990年
[31]达肯沃尔德,梅里安著.刘宪之译.成人教育—实践的基础[M].教育科学出版社.1986年
[32]高志敏.蔡宝田主编.社会转型期成人教育、终身教育研究[M].北京.首都师范大学出版社,2007:35
[2]汤会琳.现代远程教育质量标准的分析视角[J].2007(3):9-12
[3]杨永贤,李明.远程教育的质量与质量保证体系新探[J].2007(6):127-128
[4]陈丽.远程教育学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004年7月:156
[5]吴琼.我国高校网络教育学习支持服务研究[D].南京.南京师范大学.2006:16
[6]王龙.中国高等教育精品课程资源共建共享的现状、问题、对策和相关分析[D].北京.首都师范大学.2006:25
[7]德斯蒙德·基更著.丁新等译.远距离教育理论原理[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社.1999.8
[8]刘天颂.对远程教育公共服务体系的思考[J].开放教育研究.2004(4):28
[9]刘华,姜为.学分互认的现状探究[J].继续教育研究.2007(2):125-128
[10]张相锋.英国高校实施学分累计和互认制度研究[D].上海.华东师范大学.2007:25
[11]林静,高校学分制比较研究[J].教书育人.2006(1):22-24
[12]王新凤,张炼.美国社区学院与我国两年制高职的比较研究[J].中国高教研究.2006(4)
[13]刘菊霞,吴庚生,张建伟.浅析我国远程教育资源的共建共享——兼论美国国家技术大学办学模式的启示[J].现代远距离教育.2004(94):19
[14]陈丽.远程教育中教与学的基本规律[M].北京:北京师范大学教育技术学院内部讲义.2006年3月
[15]沈颂华.建立教学共同体实现校际资源共享[J].中国高等教育.2001(3):18-19
[16]江滢.中等职业教育实行学分制教学的探讨[J].职业技术.2006(2):83-84
[17]马水红,谢晋.中美远程教育比较与思考[J].2006(3):34-36
[18]李萍萍,刘仁坤.中国远程教育公共服务体系管理模式的构建[J].开放教育研究.2005(4):19-23
[19]苏辛.重要资源[J].中国远程教育.2007(5):1
[20]钟阳春,赵正.美国大学学分制概述[J].西北医学教育.2005年.12卷(16):638-640
[21]何树声.美国归来话教育—美国教育制度特点初探[J].教育导刊.2004(8):41-44
[22]顾建华.论现代远程教育的学分制管理[J].远程教育杂志.2006(6):38-40
[23]Massachusetts Ave.The survey of some aspects of EuropeanHigherEducation At the beginning of the Third Millennium[M].2004.5
[24]史文崇,肖娟.网络教育资源共享的形势、障碍与关键问题[J].学习新论:
[25]楼浩英,姜斌.推进高校间学分互认[J].中国教育报.2007.4.10日.第009版
[26]吴永和.现代远程教育支持服务环境的构建[J].开发教育研究.2006,12(1):80-83
[27]黄黎明,卢勃.有效开发、利用信息化课程资源的机制[J].电化教育研究.2006(8):53-57
[28]许莉.成人高等教育实施学分制的实践探讨[J].教育与职业.2006.4(2)
[29]金涛,何猛.学分制下的现代远程教育学籍管理初探[J].南通职业大学学报.2003(6):72-75
[30]伊里亚斯,梅里安著.高志敏译.成人教育的哲学基础[M].职工教育出版社1990年
[31]达肯沃尔德,梅里安著.刘宪之译.成人教育—实践的基础[M].教育科学出版社.1986年
[32]高志敏.蔡宝田主编.社会转型期成人教育、终身教育研究[M].北京.首都师范大学出版社,2007:35
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