基于Internet的嵌入式远程监控系统的研究
摘要
随着网络化的发展,现代监控系统更强调数据的横向比较和统计性指标的分析,但传统独立的监测设备只能服务于现场,局限在一个很小的时空范围内,功能比较单一。而以Internet为代表的计算机网络突破了传统通信方式的时空限制和地域障碍,使更大范围的通信变得十分容易。与此同时,高性能、高可靠性、低成本的网关、路由器、中继器及网络接口芯片等网络互联设备的不断进步,又方便了Internet、不同类型监控网络、企业网络间的互连。这就为监控网络的普遍建立和广泛应用铺平了道路。
根据现代监控系统的需要,针对传统监控系统存在的不足,本文利用Internet技术来完成嵌入式远程监控系统的设计,采用了32位MCU+RTOS的构架;在此平台上对网络核心部件的硬件电路进行了设计;并重点分析了此平台的实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的内核体系结构,实现了μC/OS-Ⅱ在处理器上的移植;在深入研究了系统网络通信原理和TCP/IP协议栈的特点后,最终实现了系统网络通信的功能,同时也完成了系统多任务应用程序的设计。本系统最大特色是使孤立的现场设备成为网络节点,通过以太网有机地连接在一起,形成一个有机的整体。
本文主要从以下几个方面展开具体的研究:
(1)通过分析国内外的远程监控方案优点及不足,采用了基于Internet来实现远程监控的方案,即向下兼容现场总线的专用测控网络,向上以局域网接入Internet的监控方案。该方案有很强的实用性,也特别适合我国国情。
(2)进行了嵌入式Internet技术平台的网络核心部件的开发设计工作。网络核心部件采用了基于ARM7的32位处理器,并以其为核心完成了外围硬件电路设计工作。
(3)在实践的基础上构造了一个基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式应用系统,完成了μC/OS-Ⅱ在LPC2290的移植工作,使其能在Flash上独立运行,增强了系统可扩展性和运行的稳定性。
(4)实现了一个嵌入式WEB服务器模型,完成了从网络驱动程序到应用层的通信工作。利用μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统支持多任务实现的特性,进行了多任务应用程序的设计,完成了现场数据的采集、LCD上动态显示以及与以太网的数据交互,并可利用IE浏览器动态浏览现场数据的功能。
(5)搭建完整的系统测试平台,对系统功能进行测试与分析,并对系统的功能特点进行归纳总结,指出了该平台的发展前景与应用领域。
研究结果表明:由于本方案不需要网关和铺设专用线路,充分利用了廉价的网络资源,节约的布线和硬件成本。且具有支持TCP通信、界面统一、功能完备、代码量小的特点。因此本系统从性能方面、稳定性和可靠性方面以及性价比方面都具有很大的优势。在其它嵌入式监控领域,如工业过程控制,智能仪器仪表、机器人控制器、数控系统等应用都具有较强的借鉴作用和现实意义。
With the development of network, modern monitoring system emphasizes on data horizontal comparison and statistical indicators analysis. But traditional independent monitoring equipment can only serve for field, its application limite in a small space-time range, and also the function is single .
Internet as the representative of computer network breaks through the traditional ways of communication and regional obstacle , so as to make larger range communication more easily. Meanwhile, networking equipments are developing gradually , such as gateways, routers, repeaters and network interface chips, which have the characters of high-performance, high reliability and low-cost. .In the other hand , it provide convenience of interconnection for Internet, different types of monitoring networks, enterprise networks.Thus,it pave the way for general establishment of monitoring networks and widespread use
According to the needs of a modern monitoring system, this paper adopts Internet technology to finish the design of embedded remote monitoring system, using 32-bit MCU + RTOS framework, which it can overcome the disadvantages of traditional monitoring network.Based on this platform, the core components of the network hardware circuit are designed, andμCOS-II core architectures of real-time operating system are analyzed,it realize the transplantation ofμCOS-II on processor. After deeply research of network communications system theory and TCP / IP protocol stack features, the result not only accomplish the function of network communication, but also completes the design of multitask system applications .The outstanding feature is to make isolated field devices become network nodes, andform an organic whole ,which is connected together by Ethernet.
In this paper, the following aspects are studied in detail:
(1) Due to the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international remote monitoring schemes, we realize the project of remote monitoring based on Internet, that is to say, using special measurement and control network of downward compatible field-bus and upward monitor scheme of Internet access via LAN Internet. The project has very strong practical application, and also meets to our national conditions.
(2) The development design of network core components is researched, which is based on the technology platform of embedded Internet .The core component adopts 32-bit processors, which is based on ARM7 ,and completes the peripheral hardware circuit design by the above theory .
(3) Embedded application system is established on the basis of practices usingμC/OS- II, it can make the transplant ofμC/OS- II on LPC2290 and operate on Flash independently, and also can enhance the scalability and stability of system .
(4)Realize an embedded WEB server module, It complete the communication function from network driver program to application layer. Using the characters of real-time operating system ofμCOS-II, which support multi-task, to design multi-task application program. It completes the collection of field data, dynamic display of LCD, data exchange with Ethernet, and using IE browser to visit the dynamic field data.
(5) Build a complete system test platform, then test and analyze the system function, summarize and conclude the characteristics of system function, and in the last, point out the prospects and applications of the platforms.
The results show that: the design of this paper takes full use of cheap network resources, frugal cabling and hardware costs, because the project does not require gateways and laying special line. It supports TCP communications, unify menu , perfect function, a small amount of code. Therefore, this system has a great advantage of performance, stability, reliability and performance price ratio. In other Embedded control fields, such as industrial process control, smart instrumentation, robot controller, CNC System and so on, it has more valuable reference and practical significance.
根据现代监控系统的需要,针对传统监控系统存在的不足,本文利用Internet技术来完成嵌入式远程监控系统的设计,采用了32位MCU+RTOS的构架;在此平台上对网络核心部件的硬件电路进行了设计;并重点分析了此平台的实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的内核体系结构,实现了μC/OS-Ⅱ在处理器上的移植;在深入研究了系统网络通信原理和TCP/IP协议栈的特点后,最终实现了系统网络通信的功能,同时也完成了系统多任务应用程序的设计。本系统最大特色是使孤立的现场设备成为网络节点,通过以太网有机地连接在一起,形成一个有机的整体。
本文主要从以下几个方面展开具体的研究:
(1)通过分析国内外的远程监控方案优点及不足,采用了基于Internet来实现远程监控的方案,即向下兼容现场总线的专用测控网络,向上以局域网接入Internet的监控方案。该方案有很强的实用性,也特别适合我国国情。
(2)进行了嵌入式Internet技术平台的网络核心部件的开发设计工作。网络核心部件采用了基于ARM7的32位处理器,并以其为核心完成了外围硬件电路设计工作。
(3)在实践的基础上构造了一个基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式应用系统,完成了μC/OS-Ⅱ在LPC2290的移植工作,使其能在Flash上独立运行,增强了系统可扩展性和运行的稳定性。
(4)实现了一个嵌入式WEB服务器模型,完成了从网络驱动程序到应用层的通信工作。利用μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统支持多任务实现的特性,进行了多任务应用程序的设计,完成了现场数据的采集、LCD上动态显示以及与以太网的数据交互,并可利用IE浏览器动态浏览现场数据的功能。
(5)搭建完整的系统测试平台,对系统功能进行测试与分析,并对系统的功能特点进行归纳总结,指出了该平台的发展前景与应用领域。
研究结果表明:由于本方案不需要网关和铺设专用线路,充分利用了廉价的网络资源,节约的布线和硬件成本。且具有支持TCP通信、界面统一、功能完备、代码量小的特点。因此本系统从性能方面、稳定性和可靠性方面以及性价比方面都具有很大的优势。在其它嵌入式监控领域,如工业过程控制,智能仪器仪表、机器人控制器、数控系统等应用都具有较强的借鉴作用和现实意义。
With the development of network, modern monitoring system emphasizes on data horizontal comparison and statistical indicators analysis. But traditional independent monitoring equipment can only serve for field, its application limite in a small space-time range, and also the function is single .
Internet as the representative of computer network breaks through the traditional ways of communication and regional obstacle , so as to make larger range communication more easily. Meanwhile, networking equipments are developing gradually , such as gateways, routers, repeaters and network interface chips, which have the characters of high-performance, high reliability and low-cost. .In the other hand , it provide convenience of interconnection for Internet, different types of monitoring networks, enterprise networks.Thus,it pave the way for general establishment of monitoring networks and widespread use
According to the needs of a modern monitoring system, this paper adopts Internet technology to finish the design of embedded remote monitoring system, using 32-bit MCU + RTOS framework, which it can overcome the disadvantages of traditional monitoring network.Based on this platform, the core components of the network hardware circuit are designed, andμCOS-II core architectures of real-time operating system are analyzed,it realize the transplantation ofμCOS-II on processor. After deeply research of network communications system theory and TCP / IP protocol stack features, the result not only accomplish the function of network communication, but also completes the design of multitask system applications .The outstanding feature is to make isolated field devices become network nodes, andform an organic whole ,which is connected together by Ethernet.
In this paper, the following aspects are studied in detail:
(1) Due to the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of domestic and international remote monitoring schemes, we realize the project of remote monitoring based on Internet, that is to say, using special measurement and control network of downward compatible field-bus and upward monitor scheme of Internet access via LAN Internet. The project has very strong practical application, and also meets to our national conditions.
(2) The development design of network core components is researched, which is based on the technology platform of embedded Internet .The core component adopts 32-bit processors, which is based on ARM7 ,and completes the peripheral hardware circuit design by the above theory .
(3) Embedded application system is established on the basis of practices usingμC/OS- II, it can make the transplant ofμC/OS- II on LPC2290 and operate on Flash independently, and also can enhance the scalability and stability of system .
(4)Realize an embedded WEB server module, It complete the communication function from network driver program to application layer. Using the characters of real-time operating system ofμCOS-II, which support multi-task, to design multi-task application program. It completes the collection of field data, dynamic display of LCD, data exchange with Ethernet, and using IE browser to visit the dynamic field data.
(5) Build a complete system test platform, then test and analyze the system function, summarize and conclude the characteristics of system function, and in the last, point out the prospects and applications of the platforms.
The results show that: the design of this paper takes full use of cheap network resources, frugal cabling and hardware costs, because the project does not require gateways and laying special line. It supports TCP communications, unify menu , perfect function, a small amount of code. Therefore, this system has a great advantage of performance, stability, reliability and performance price ratio. In other Embedded control fields, such as industrial process control, smart instrumentation, robot controller, CNC System and so on, it has more valuable reference and practical significance.
引文
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[5]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].清华大学出版社.2003
[6]马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[7]Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式系统构件[M].机械工业出版社.2002 50-85
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[10]杨戈.一种双MCU结构的嵌入式Internet接入服务器[J].电子技术应用.5 2003 13-17
[11]王巍.实时操作系统μC/OS—Ⅱ在196KC上的移植[J].工业控制计算机.5 16 200316-20
[12]余丽霞.μC/OS-Ⅱ在C8051F020中的移植[J].电子技术.7.2003 8-13
[13]陶波,丁汉,熊有伦.基于嵌入式Internet的工业控制[J].测控技术.8.20.2001 23-26
[14]徐毓军.一种基于嵌入式Internet的控制系统[J].自动化与仪器仪表.4.2002 15-20
[15]武强.嵌入式实时操作系统应注意的几个问题[J].航空计算技术.3.32.2002 7-10
[16]王涛.嵌入式实时系统及其在通信系统中的应用[J].电子技术应用.2001 18-20
[17]于国华.嵌入式实时操作系统中的程序设计[J].洛阳工业高等专科学校学报.1.132003 20-24
[18]王铁勇.嵌入式操作系统μC/OS—Ⅱ的特点及应用[J].控制工程.1.10.2003 21-25
[19]李明.嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与开发[J].计算机工程与应用.1.6.2002 16-20
[20]赵宇.面向应用的嵌入式操作系统[J].航空计算技术.1.32.2002 20-24
[21]王锋.实时操作系统μC/OS—Ⅱ在MCF5272上的移植[J].电子技术应用.3 2003 18-22
[22]李明.基于TCP/IP分布式监控系统的研究与开发[J].计算机工程与应用.16 2002
[23]张梅.基于DCS的实时多任务系统的实现[J].测控技术.6 21 2002 20-25
[24]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].清华大学出版社.2002 30-60
[25]佟震亚.基于SX单片机实现Webserver和网络协议栈[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用8 2001 16-20
[26]周利华.工业控制计算机实时操作系统[M].清华大学出版社.1999 40-60
[27]王东云.控制网络接入Internet的解决方案及实例[J].电气自动化.3.25.2003
[28]王世元.C高级实用程序设计[M].清华大学出版社.2002
[29]徐金梧等.TURBOC实用大全[M].机械工业出版社.1999
[30]石东海.单片机数据通信技术从入门到精通[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2002 25-40
[31]赖麒文.8051单片机嵌入式系统应用[M].科学出版社.2002
[32]于海晨.Internet技术与控制系统的集成.大连理工大学硕士论文.2001
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