全差分低噪声运算放大器的研究与设计
摘要
运算放大器在现代科技的各个领域得到了广泛的应用,如A/D与D/A转换器、有源滤波器、自动增益控制器等,针对不同的应用领域出现了不同类型的运放。
本文作者完成了一种可以用在微弱信号测量系统和高保真要求的音频系统中的全差分结构低噪声运放,使用0.18微米的CMOS工艺实现,供电电压是1.8V,根据低噪声的要求选择了合适的结构,在第一级采用PMOS作为输入端的套筒式共源共栅放大电路,第二级使用共源电路,在减少运放内部器件产生的噪声同时,考虑了减少外界的电源串扰噪声影响,完成了主电路的设计,另外为了使差分电路的输出直流电压偏置在理想位置,分析并设计了基于负反馈原理的共模反馈电路。文章的最后对电路的重要参数如直流增益、相位裕度及输入参考噪声做了比较详细的分析与推导以及电路改进,并在SUN工作站上使用Cadence的模拟设计工具IC5033对电路进行了全面的仿真,仿真的结果显示在1KHz处的输入参考噪声可以达到5.1~(nV/2~(1/Hz)左右,这是一个相当好的结果。
Opamps are widely used in many fields nowadays such as A/D and D/A converter, active filter and AGC. All kinds of different opamps appear for special applications.
The thesis introduces a low noise opamp which can be used in weak signal detection system or high quality audio system in detail. The opamp is implemented with 0.18um CMOS technology. The power supply is 1.8V. The design of main circuit is finished by the purpose of reducing input reference noise. The first stage is a cascode circuit, and the second stage is a common source amplifier, considering both internal device noise and external power noise's influence. For getting proper DC operation point, a common feedback circuit based on negative feedback theory is designed. At last, important parameters such as open—loop gain, phase margin and input reference noise are analyzed and deduced. The simulation is finished by cadence's IC5033 in SUN workstation. The simulation shows the input reference noise at 1KHz is only about5.1 .It's quite a good result.
本文作者完成了一种可以用在微弱信号测量系统和高保真要求的音频系统中的全差分结构低噪声运放,使用0.18微米的CMOS工艺实现,供电电压是1.8V,根据低噪声的要求选择了合适的结构,在第一级采用PMOS作为输入端的套筒式共源共栅放大电路,第二级使用共源电路,在减少运放内部器件产生的噪声同时,考虑了减少外界的电源串扰噪声影响,完成了主电路的设计,另外为了使差分电路的输出直流电压偏置在理想位置,分析并设计了基于负反馈原理的共模反馈电路。文章的最后对电路的重要参数如直流增益、相位裕度及输入参考噪声做了比较详细的分析与推导以及电路改进,并在SUN工作站上使用Cadence的模拟设计工具IC5033对电路进行了全面的仿真,仿真的结果显示在1KHz处的输入参考噪声可以达到5.1~(nV/2~(1/Hz)左右,这是一个相当好的结果。
Opamps are widely used in many fields nowadays such as A/D and D/A converter, active filter and AGC. All kinds of different opamps appear for special applications.
The thesis introduces a low noise opamp which can be used in weak signal detection system or high quality audio system in detail. The opamp is implemented with 0.18um CMOS technology. The power supply is 1.8V. The design of main circuit is finished by the purpose of reducing input reference noise. The first stage is a cascode circuit, and the second stage is a common source amplifier, considering both internal device noise and external power noise's influence. For getting proper DC operation point, a common feedback circuit based on negative feedback theory is designed. At last, important parameters such as open—loop gain, phase margin and input reference noise are analyzed and deduced. The simulation is finished by cadence's IC5033 in SUN workstation. The simulation shows the input reference noise at 1KHz is only about5.1 .It's quite a good result.
引文
[1]张郁弘,庄灿涛.晶体管运算放大器及其应用.国防工业出版社,1978张昆藏,计算机系统结构-奔腾PC,科学出版社,1999
[2]严楣辉,光壁.集成运算放大器分析与应用.电子科技大学出版社,1988
[3][美]W.G荣格.集成运算放大器应用手册.世界图书出版公司,1990
[4]段尚枢.运算放大器应用基础.哈尔宾工业大学出版社,1998
[5]PR Gray and RG Meyer.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,2nd ed.New York:Wiley,1984
[6]张新昌.集成运算放大器的应用.高等教育出版社,1985
[7]秦世才,王朝英。集成运算放大器应用原理.天津科学技术出版社,1983
[8]李联.MOS运算放大器-原理,设计与应用.复旦大学出版社,1988
[9]Satish G.Kandlikar,Mark E.steinke.Examples of Microchannel Mass Transfer process in biological systems.First conference on Microchannels and Minichannels April 24-25,2003
[10]Xiaohong Peng,Willy Sansen.Transconductance with capacitances feedback compensation for multistage amolifiers,IEEE J.Solid State Circuits,2005,40(7):1514-1520.
[11]H.Lee and P.K.T.Mok,"Active-feedback frequency-compensation technique for low-power multistage amplifiers," IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2003,38(3):511-520.
[12]B.K.Thandri and J.Silva-Martinez,"A robust feedforward compensation scheme for multistage operational transconductance amplifiers with no Miller capacitors," IEEE J.
[13]陈贵灿,邵志标,程军,林长贵.CMOS模拟集成电路设计.西安交通大学出版社,2000
[14]张建成编著.MOS模拟集成电路分析与设计基础.电子工业出版社,1987
[15]Johns D A,Martin K.Analog integrated circuit design.New York:John Wiley& Sons Inc.1997.
[16]Bezard Razavi.Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits.Mcgrawhill,2001
[17]P.E艾伦,D.E霍而博格编著.CMOS模拟电路设计.王正华,叶小琳译,科学出版社,1995
[18]Allen Phillip E,Holberg Douglas R.CMOS Analog Circuit Design(Second Edition)[M]Oxford University Press,2002.
[19]David Cline,"Noise,Speed,and Power Trade-offs in Pipelined Analog to Digital Converters.PhD Dissertation," University of California,Berkeley,1995.
[20]A.Feldman,"High-Speed,Low-Power Sigma-Delta Modulatiors for RF Baseband Applications," PhD Dissertation,University of California,Berkeley,1997.
[21]Kelvin Boo-Huat Khoo,"Programmable,High-Dynamic Range Sigma-Delta AD Converters for Multi-standard,Fully-Integrated RF Receivers," PhD Dissertation,University of California,Berkeley,1998.
[22]B.Y.Kamath,R.G.Meyer.and P.R.Gray,"Relationship between frequency response and settling time of operational amplifiers," IEEE,J.Solid-State Circuits,vol.SC-9,pp.347-352,Dec.1974.
[23]Klass Bult and Govert J.G.M.Geelen,"A Fast-Settling CMOS Op Amp for SC Circuits with 90-dB DC Gain," IEEE,J.Solid-State Circuits,vol.25,pp.1379-1384,Dec.1990.
[24]Jennifer Lloyd and Hae-Seung Lee,"A CMOS Op Amp with Fully-Differential Gain-Enhancement," IEEE Trans.Circuits and Systems-ll,vol.41,pp.241-243,Mar.1994.
[25]L.W.Couch.Digital and Analog Communication System.Fourth Edition,New York:Macmillan Co.,1993
[26]K.Bult,"Analog design in deep-submicron CMOS," in Proc.ESSCIRC,2000,pp.11-17.
[27]Alan Hastings,The art of analog layout,Upper Saddle River,NJ:Prentice Hall,2001.
[28]赵永健,张雨文.运算放大器的误差分析与补偿方法.高等教育出版社,1987
[29]Bult K,Geelen G.A fast--settling CMOS op amp for SC circuits with 90 dB DC gain.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1990,25(6):1379-1384
[30]K.N.Leung and P.K.T.Mok."Analysis of multistage amplifier-frequency compensation".IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.I:Fund.Theory Appl.,vol.48,no.9,pp.1041-1056,Sep.2001.
[31]Van Peteghem P M,Duque-Carrillo J F.Ageneral description of common -mode feedback in fully-differential amplifiers[A].IEEE Int Syrnp Circ and Syst[C].1990.3209-3212.
[2]严楣辉,光壁.集成运算放大器分析与应用.电子科技大学出版社,1988
[3][美]W.G荣格.集成运算放大器应用手册.世界图书出版公司,1990
[4]段尚枢.运算放大器应用基础.哈尔宾工业大学出版社,1998
[5]PR Gray and RG Meyer.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,2nd ed.New York:Wiley,1984
[6]张新昌.集成运算放大器的应用.高等教育出版社,1985
[7]秦世才,王朝英。集成运算放大器应用原理.天津科学技术出版社,1983
[8]李联.MOS运算放大器-原理,设计与应用.复旦大学出版社,1988
[9]Satish G.Kandlikar,Mark E.steinke.Examples of Microchannel Mass Transfer process in biological systems.First conference on Microchannels and Minichannels April 24-25,2003
[10]Xiaohong Peng,Willy Sansen.Transconductance with capacitances feedback compensation for multistage amolifiers,IEEE J.Solid State Circuits,2005,40(7):1514-1520.
[11]H.Lee and P.K.T.Mok,"Active-feedback frequency-compensation technique for low-power multistage amplifiers," IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2003,38(3):511-520.
[12]B.K.Thandri and J.Silva-Martinez,"A robust feedforward compensation scheme for multistage operational transconductance amplifiers with no Miller capacitors," IEEE J.
[13]陈贵灿,邵志标,程军,林长贵.CMOS模拟集成电路设计.西安交通大学出版社,2000
[14]张建成编著.MOS模拟集成电路分析与设计基础.电子工业出版社,1987
[15]Johns D A,Martin K.Analog integrated circuit design.New York:John Wiley& Sons Inc.1997.
[16]Bezard Razavi.Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits.Mcgrawhill,2001
[17]P.E艾伦,D.E霍而博格编著.CMOS模拟电路设计.王正华,叶小琳译,科学出版社,1995
[18]Allen Phillip E,Holberg Douglas R.CMOS Analog Circuit Design(Second Edition)[M]Oxford University Press,2002.
[19]David Cline,"Noise,Speed,and Power Trade-offs in Pipelined Analog to Digital Converters.PhD Dissertation," University of California,Berkeley,1995.
[20]A.Feldman,"High-Speed,Low-Power Sigma-Delta Modulatiors for RF Baseband Applications," PhD Dissertation,University of California,Berkeley,1997.
[21]Kelvin Boo-Huat Khoo,"Programmable,High-Dynamic Range Sigma-Delta AD Converters for Multi-standard,Fully-Integrated RF Receivers," PhD Dissertation,University of California,Berkeley,1998.
[22]B.Y.Kamath,R.G.Meyer.and P.R.Gray,"Relationship between frequency response and settling time of operational amplifiers," IEEE,J.Solid-State Circuits,vol.SC-9,pp.347-352,Dec.1974.
[23]Klass Bult and Govert J.G.M.Geelen,"A Fast-Settling CMOS Op Amp for SC Circuits with 90-dB DC Gain," IEEE,J.Solid-State Circuits,vol.25,pp.1379-1384,Dec.1990.
[24]Jennifer Lloyd and Hae-Seung Lee,"A CMOS Op Amp with Fully-Differential Gain-Enhancement," IEEE Trans.Circuits and Systems-ll,vol.41,pp.241-243,Mar.1994.
[25]L.W.Couch.Digital and Analog Communication System.Fourth Edition,New York:Macmillan Co.,1993
[26]K.Bult,"Analog design in deep-submicron CMOS," in Proc.ESSCIRC,2000,pp.11-17.
[27]Alan Hastings,The art of analog layout,Upper Saddle River,NJ:Prentice Hall,2001.
[28]赵永健,张雨文.运算放大器的误差分析与补偿方法.高等教育出版社,1987
[29]Bult K,Geelen G.A fast--settling CMOS op amp for SC circuits with 90 dB DC gain.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1990,25(6):1379-1384
[30]K.N.Leung and P.K.T.Mok."Analysis of multistage amplifier-frequency compensation".IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.I:Fund.Theory Appl.,vol.48,no.9,pp.1041-1056,Sep.2001.
[31]Van Peteghem P M,Duque-Carrillo J F.Ageneral description of common -mode feedback in fully-differential amplifiers[A].IEEE Int Syrnp Circ and Syst[C].1990.3209-3212.
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