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基于mapX模拟长江生物洄游的二次开发
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摘要
长江流域历来是水生生物理想的栖息地、繁殖场及重要的洄游通道。由于人类活动的影响,长江大批物种资源持续衰退,而洄游性物种的衰退尤为严重。刀鲚、凤鲚、鳗鲡和中华绒螯蟹是当前全江尚具渔汛的四个江海洄游品种,但其资源日趋稀少。这些原需进行近千公里洄游的品种,因受江湖阻隔、环境污染影响,不得不被限制在狭窄的空间内洄游,长江生物自我复壮、优胜劣汰的自然选择正在丧失,其种质质量严重退化。本研究从上述洄游性物种的洄游周期、洄游路线、洄游时间及地理分布角度出发,展开了“长江干流洄游性渔业资源GIS”的开发与研究,针对生物洄游的各参数特征,研究了洄游时间、空间与量值数据同步表达的方式和方法,以期通过生物洄游现场的模拟再现,给研究者和管理者以空间想象的启迪。
     针对长江干流洄游性生物资源年间变化的时空特点,兼顾不同用户群的需求,本研究以Visual Basic 6.0为系统开发平台;以Microsofl Access 2003为后台属性数据库的管理工具,开发了基于MapX组件的“长江干流洄游性渔业资源GIS"。系统采用ADO和DAO作为外部数据访问接口,实现属性数据与空间数据的连接和数据库信息的更新。系统构建了长江流域地图、岛屿分布、洄游线、监测江段等多个与MapInfo兼容的图层。
     经系统的需求分析、资料整理、系统设计、开发及调试等研发工作,“长江干流洄游性渔业资源GIS”现已基本成型。该系统不仅具备了文件管理、视图处理、图元查询与输入、图层管理、专题图制作、地图输出和打印等商业GIS软件所具备的常规功能,还着重开发了数据库数据的更新功能,洄游性鱼类(图元对象)在矢量图上时、空、量的智能判别及表述功能。基于MapX可编程功能,通过动态数组存取洄游线图元节点的方法,解决了当前商用GIS软件(如MapInfo等)尚未解决的图元对象瞬时平滑移动、刷新等技术瓶颈,真正实现了洄游性生物资源、分布、洄游及变动趋势的动态模拟。系统提供的空间数据和属性数据的管理功能,给予用户强大的系统拓展能力,系统的分析功能则可为管理部门提供决策参考,同时也为渔业资源类数据的持续高效利用提供了较理想的平台。
     本文从宏观角度剖析了长江洄游性生物资源的现状及海洋和内陆水域渔业GIS的历史、现状,描述了“长江干流洄游性渔业资源GIS”的功能设计及实现方法,给出了部分关键代码,着重对系统研发的“洄游鱼类分布变化演示”和“动态模拟洄游过程”这两个创新功能进行了详细的阐述,同时,以2004年河口地区亲蟹资源的调查数据为例,进行了系统应用效果的验证,并就开发过程中遇到的技术难点展开了讨论。最后,论文对三维空间数据的应用、GPS与GIS的结合使用以及Web GIS在渔业上的应用进行了展望,指出了现存的不足,提出了可能的解决方案和渔业GIS今后的发展方向。
Yangtze River had always been the ideal habitat, breeding ground, and migration channel by aquatic organisms. However, severely impacted by intensive human activities, species resources in Yangtze River have been on constant decline, and the situation of migration species is among the worst. Species in Yangtze River are deprived of the opportunities of the survival of the fittest. As the result, idioplasmic quality becomes increasingly degraded. Nowadays, Coilia ectenes, Coilia mystus, Anguilla japonica and Eriocheir sinensis H.milne-edards are the only four migratory fish species traveling between Yangtze River and sea, on which we still have fishing season, but even their resources are becoming rare. This is mainly due to the fact that these migration species have to be confined within limited space instead of for migration species in contrast to desirable space of thousands of miles. The problem is mainly caused by the river-lake isolation and the environmental pollution. By taking into account migratory cycle, migratory route, migratory time and geographic distribution, we developed "Geographic Information System (GIS) for Migration Fishery Resources in the Yangtze River Mainstream". In addition, based on the characteristic of these migratory fish species, we conducted research on the methods expressing migratory time, migratory space and related attribute data synchronically, so that other scholars and managers can get some insights from the simulation of migration.
     Based on the characteristics of the change over the aquatic animal migration in Yangtze River between different years and demands from different user groups, we used Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 as the platform for system development and Microsoft Access 2003 as the management tool for back-end attribute database. Based on MapX, we developed "GIS for Migration Fishery Resources in the Yangtze River Mainstream". With ADO and DAO as database access interface, this system makes the connection between attribute data and spatial data, and the updating of database information come true. In addition to that, this system establishes a series of layers which is compatible with MapInfo, such as Yangtze valley map, islands location map, migratory route, and monitor stations.
     After going through the stages of the requirement specification, data compilation, system designing, developing and debugging, now "GIS for Migration Fishery Resources in the Yangtze Rive Mainstream" takes an early shape. Not only does this system have functionalities from average commercial GIS software, e.g. file management, view processing, feature query and input, layers management, theme mapping, map output and printing, but also the database update, intelligent distinction and vector representation of the distribution function and quantity of migratory fish. In addition to that, by leveraging the programming function of MapX, we have made breakthrough on various technical bottlenecks, which includes features instantaneous smooth moving and refreshing. Thanks to those breakthroughs, dynamic simulation of migration species, their distribution, migration and change tendency are made possible and actually implemented. In addition, the system offers more extensibility by providing the functionalities of attribute data and spatial data management. It can also facilitates government's decision making through system analysis, and serves as an ideal supporting platform for efficient and sustainable usage of data fishery resources.
     In this research, we started by introducing the situation of migration species resources in Yangtze River in a overall perspective, both the history and the status quo of the Geographic Information System for marine fishery and inland-water fishery. Then, we describe the requirement specification and the methodology for "GIS for Migration Fishery Resources in the Yangtze River Mainstream", especially the two innovative functions of the system, which are the demonstration of changing distribution of migratory fish, and the dynamic simulation of migration process. The source code of the core functionalities is also presented. Moreover, to demonstrate the application of the system, we apply it to the data from investigation which was hold in 2004 for matured mitten crab resource in the estuary of the Yangtze River. During the application process, we discussed some technical challenges we faced and tackled during the development. Last, we explore the prospect for the usage of three-dimensional spatial data, the integration of GPS and GIS technologies, and the use of Web GIS for fishery. At the same time, we identified various shortcomings in developing the system, and gave some potential suggestions.
引文
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