玉米秸秆厌氧发酵生物制氢的实验研究
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摘要
厌氧发酵生物制氢工艺是利用生物技术分解有机废弃物制备氢气,设备简单、操作容易,既实现了废弃物资源化,而且成本低廉,被认为是前景最好的制氢方法。本文以天然河底污泥为厌氧产氢微生物来源,以玉米秸秆为发酵底物制备氢气,考察了底物的预处理和酶解对底物产氢能力的影响,并设计正交实验探讨了发酵产氢的最优条件。
针对玉米秸秆结构致密、难于直接被酶水解的特点,首先分别采用盐酸、氢氧化钠等对玉米秸秆进行了预处理。结果表明,采用0.6%盐酸在90℃下浸泡玉米秸秆2h,底物的发酵产氢潜势最高,预处理的效果最好,累积产氢量58.69ml·g~(-1)-CS。几乎比未处理的玉米秸秆产氢量提高120%。
在酸处理基础上采用纤维素酶水解,考察了酶解温度、酶解时间和酶解pH值对玉米秸秆产氢能力的影响。研究结果表明,酸处理后酶解进一步提高了玉米秸秆的产氢潜势。在0.6%盐酸预处理、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间72h和酶解pH4.8的条件下,最大累积产氢量104.30ml·g~(-1)-CS,比只经过盐酸处理的玉米秸秆产氢量提高77.7%,是未处理的玉米秸秆产氢量的3倍。
本课题组在发酵产氢生态因子的影响方面作了一系列单因素探索实验,影响玉米秸秆生物制氢的因素有很多,结合本实验室具体条件,本文选择酶解温度、酶解时间、底物浓度和发酵初始pH值为考察对象,以累积产氢量评价产氢效果,设计了4因素3水平(L_9(3~4))的正交实验。实验结论如下:(1)发酵反应过程最主要的限制因子是底物浓度;(2)经过正交实验优化后,玉米秸秆的产氢能力得到很大的提高,累积产氢量和平均产氢速率分别达到了141.29ml·g~(-1)-CS和12.31ml·g~(-1)-CS·h~(-1)。优化后的产氢实验过程如下:在90℃时,以固液比(g:mL)为1:10的0.6%盐酸浸泡底物2h,再加入与底物质量比为0.01:1的纤维素酶,在溶液pH值4.8、温度50℃下酶解72h;将上述的酶解物在36℃下以底物浓度为10g·L~(-1),初始pH值为7.0的条件下发酵。
Biohydrogen production process with anaerobic fermentation resolves the organic waste by the biological technology to produce H_2,simple equipments,easy manipulation,not only environment friendly and low cost but also sufficient supply,being considered a promising way of producing H_2.The hydrogen production of cornstalk wastes was systematically investigated through anaerobic fermentation by using the natural sludge as inoculant.The effects of pretretment,enzymatic hydrolysis,substrate concentration and fermentation initial pH value on hydrogen production potential of cornstalk were discussed in this work.
Cornstalk was pretreated by dilute acid and sodium hydroxide,respectively,for enhancing the yield and the rate of hydrogen production of substrate.The optimal pretrcatment is that the substrate was soaked with a HCl concentration of 0.6%at 90℃for 2h.
Batch experiments investigated the effects of hydrogen production from the fermentation substrate at different enzymatic hydrolysis conditions(temperature,time and pH).The results indicate that HCl pretreatment and enzymolysis for cornstalk wastes could obviously increase the H_2 yield form the fermentation substrate.A maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 104.30 ml·g~(-1)-CS was obtained at HCl concentration of 0.6%when the enzymatic hydrolysis condition was fixed at 50℃,time 72 h and initial pH 4.8.The yield was much larger than the corresponding H_2 yield of 58.69 ml·g~(-1)-CS only pretreated by acid at 0.6%previously, increasing by about 77.7%.and by about 3-fold as compared with the un-pretreated raw cornstalk wastes.
The comprehensive influence of pretreatment and fermentation condition for fermentative H_2 production was investigated using orthogonal design method and the optimum conditions were obtained.An orthogonal experimental design of L_9(3~4) was used in this experimental design,considering four important parameters(enzymatic temperature,enzymatic time, substrate concentration and fermentation initial pH) and the cumulative hydrogen yield was the optimization criteria.The results indicate that:(1) Substrate concentration had the largest influence on hydrogen production,and fermentation initial pH was more influential than enzymatic temperature and enzymatic time.(2) When the pretreated substrate with the concentration of 10 g·L~(-1) was fermented at 36℃,a maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 141.29 influence on hydrogen production,and fermentation initial pH was more influential than enzymatic temperature and enzymatic time.(2) When the pretreated substrate with the concentration of 10 g·L~(-1) was fermented at 36℃,a maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 141.29 ml·g~(-1)-CS and the average H_2 production rate of 12.31 ml·g~(-1)-CS·h~(-1) were obtained through an optimal pretreatment process:the substrate pretreated by a HCl concentration of 0.6%for 2 h at 90℃(the ratio of solid to liquid was 1g:10 ml),as well as subsequently degraded by cellulase catalysis(the ratio of substrate to enzyme was 100:1) for 72 h at 50℃and the initial pH of 4.8.
针对玉米秸秆结构致密、难于直接被酶水解的特点,首先分别采用盐酸、氢氧化钠等对玉米秸秆进行了预处理。结果表明,采用0.6%盐酸在90℃下浸泡玉米秸秆2h,底物的发酵产氢潜势最高,预处理的效果最好,累积产氢量58.69ml·g~(-1)-CS。几乎比未处理的玉米秸秆产氢量提高120%。
在酸处理基础上采用纤维素酶水解,考察了酶解温度、酶解时间和酶解pH值对玉米秸秆产氢能力的影响。研究结果表明,酸处理后酶解进一步提高了玉米秸秆的产氢潜势。在0.6%盐酸预处理、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间72h和酶解pH4.8的条件下,最大累积产氢量104.30ml·g~(-1)-CS,比只经过盐酸处理的玉米秸秆产氢量提高77.7%,是未处理的玉米秸秆产氢量的3倍。
本课题组在发酵产氢生态因子的影响方面作了一系列单因素探索实验,影响玉米秸秆生物制氢的因素有很多,结合本实验室具体条件,本文选择酶解温度、酶解时间、底物浓度和发酵初始pH值为考察对象,以累积产氢量评价产氢效果,设计了4因素3水平(L_9(3~4))的正交实验。实验结论如下:(1)发酵反应过程最主要的限制因子是底物浓度;(2)经过正交实验优化后,玉米秸秆的产氢能力得到很大的提高,累积产氢量和平均产氢速率分别达到了141.29ml·g~(-1)-CS和12.31ml·g~(-1)-CS·h~(-1)。优化后的产氢实验过程如下:在90℃时,以固液比(g:mL)为1:10的0.6%盐酸浸泡底物2h,再加入与底物质量比为0.01:1的纤维素酶,在溶液pH值4.8、温度50℃下酶解72h;将上述的酶解物在36℃下以底物浓度为10g·L~(-1),初始pH值为7.0的条件下发酵。
Biohydrogen production process with anaerobic fermentation resolves the organic waste by the biological technology to produce H_2,simple equipments,easy manipulation,not only environment friendly and low cost but also sufficient supply,being considered a promising way of producing H_2.The hydrogen production of cornstalk wastes was systematically investigated through anaerobic fermentation by using the natural sludge as inoculant.The effects of pretretment,enzymatic hydrolysis,substrate concentration and fermentation initial pH value on hydrogen production potential of cornstalk were discussed in this work.
Cornstalk was pretreated by dilute acid and sodium hydroxide,respectively,for enhancing the yield and the rate of hydrogen production of substrate.The optimal pretrcatment is that the substrate was soaked with a HCl concentration of 0.6%at 90℃for 2h.
Batch experiments investigated the effects of hydrogen production from the fermentation substrate at different enzymatic hydrolysis conditions(temperature,time and pH).The results indicate that HCl pretreatment and enzymolysis for cornstalk wastes could obviously increase the H_2 yield form the fermentation substrate.A maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 104.30 ml·g~(-1)-CS was obtained at HCl concentration of 0.6%when the enzymatic hydrolysis condition was fixed at 50℃,time 72 h and initial pH 4.8.The yield was much larger than the corresponding H_2 yield of 58.69 ml·g~(-1)-CS only pretreated by acid at 0.6%previously, increasing by about 77.7%.and by about 3-fold as compared with the un-pretreated raw cornstalk wastes.
The comprehensive influence of pretreatment and fermentation condition for fermentative H_2 production was investigated using orthogonal design method and the optimum conditions were obtained.An orthogonal experimental design of L_9(3~4) was used in this experimental design,considering four important parameters(enzymatic temperature,enzymatic time, substrate concentration and fermentation initial pH) and the cumulative hydrogen yield was the optimization criteria.The results indicate that:(1) Substrate concentration had the largest influence on hydrogen production,and fermentation initial pH was more influential than enzymatic temperature and enzymatic time.(2) When the pretreated substrate with the concentration of 10 g·L~(-1) was fermented at 36℃,a maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 141.29 influence on hydrogen production,and fermentation initial pH was more influential than enzymatic temperature and enzymatic time.(2) When the pretreated substrate with the concentration of 10 g·L~(-1) was fermented at 36℃,a maximum cumulative H_2 yield of 141.29 ml·g~(-1)-CS and the average H_2 production rate of 12.31 ml·g~(-1)-CS·h~(-1) were obtained through an optimal pretreatment process:the substrate pretreated by a HCl concentration of 0.6%for 2 h at 90℃(the ratio of solid to liquid was 1g:10 ml),as well as subsequently degraded by cellulase catalysis(the ratio of substrate to enzyme was 100:1) for 72 h at 50℃and the initial pH of 4.8.
引文
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