基于嵌入式操作系统的多通道水质分析仪
摘要
水质分析仪能够定量的测量各种工业和生活用水中的物理和化学成分,确定水体受污染的程度。便携式水质分析仪具有操作简单、携带方便、测量灵敏度高等特点,是环境现场水质监测的主要测量仪器。
随着微处理器技术和软件技术的不断发展,传统基于前后台结构的编程方法已不能适应嵌入式系统中日益增加的复杂性,实时性、可靠性的要求。而嵌入式操作系统因其良好的任务管理和硬件支持,成为计算机科学的一个重要组成部分,并且已经被广泛应用于制造工业、过程控制、仪器仪表、通讯等领域。本文在介绍嵌入式操作系统的基本原理、操作系统的编程思想及其在开发中所要注意的各种问题的基础上,以三种典型嵌入式操作系统为例,说明了如何进行多任务的创建,分析了它们的调度策略及任务切换过程。
文中还以多通道水质分析仪为对象,该仪器能够支持多个用户在不同通道上对多种水质成分同时进行测量。介绍了仪器结构、测量过程、系统任务的划分、嵌入式操作系统的运用,以及与之相适应的微处理器平台和仪器硬软件的设计。这种微处理器结合嵌入式操作系统的设计方案提升了应用层次,降低了构建系统软件的难度,并且提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。
本文最后介绍了这种基于嵌入式操作系统的多通道水质分析仪的使用结果。实验表明,本文介绍的方法是切实可行的,达到了预期的设计要求,并且这种方法完全可以移植到其它系统设计之中。
Water quality analyzer can detect the value of physical and chemical elements in the water and make sure the extent of the water pollution. Protable water quality analyzers are easy to manipulate and sensitive. They are the main instruments of monitoring water quality.
With the development of microchip technique and software technique, the traditional control software which is based on the foreground/background system can’t fit to the increasing complexity of the embedded system and the requirement of the real-time ability and reliability. Embedded operation system has become an important part of the computer science. It has been widely used in manufacturing industry, process control, instrument design, communication systems and so on. This thesis outlines the concepts of the embedded operating system, elucidates the programming method and diversified problems based on embedded operating system. Then, explains how to create multi-task, analyses their schedulers and context switch with three typical embedded operation system.
Take the multi-channel water quality analyzer as an example, the structure and measuring process are introduced and the task partition of this system is completed. On the basis of embedded operation system and compatible microchip, the design of hardware and software is achieved. This scheme provides a method to reduce the difficulty of designing the control software and enhance the performance of the system.
At the end of the thesis, the application results of the multi-channel water quality analyzer are given out. The results show that the method in this thesis is feasible and can satisfy the requirements of the design. What's more, this method can be replanted to other systems.
随着微处理器技术和软件技术的不断发展,传统基于前后台结构的编程方法已不能适应嵌入式系统中日益增加的复杂性,实时性、可靠性的要求。而嵌入式操作系统因其良好的任务管理和硬件支持,成为计算机科学的一个重要组成部分,并且已经被广泛应用于制造工业、过程控制、仪器仪表、通讯等领域。本文在介绍嵌入式操作系统的基本原理、操作系统的编程思想及其在开发中所要注意的各种问题的基础上,以三种典型嵌入式操作系统为例,说明了如何进行多任务的创建,分析了它们的调度策略及任务切换过程。
文中还以多通道水质分析仪为对象,该仪器能够支持多个用户在不同通道上对多种水质成分同时进行测量。介绍了仪器结构、测量过程、系统任务的划分、嵌入式操作系统的运用,以及与之相适应的微处理器平台和仪器硬软件的设计。这种微处理器结合嵌入式操作系统的设计方案提升了应用层次,降低了构建系统软件的难度,并且提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。
本文最后介绍了这种基于嵌入式操作系统的多通道水质分析仪的使用结果。实验表明,本文介绍的方法是切实可行的,达到了预期的设计要求,并且这种方法完全可以移植到其它系统设计之中。
Water quality analyzer can detect the value of physical and chemical elements in the water and make sure the extent of the water pollution. Protable water quality analyzers are easy to manipulate and sensitive. They are the main instruments of monitoring water quality.
With the development of microchip technique and software technique, the traditional control software which is based on the foreground/background system can’t fit to the increasing complexity of the embedded system and the requirement of the real-time ability and reliability. Embedded operation system has become an important part of the computer science. It has been widely used in manufacturing industry, process control, instrument design, communication systems and so on. This thesis outlines the concepts of the embedded operating system, elucidates the programming method and diversified problems based on embedded operating system. Then, explains how to create multi-task, analyses their schedulers and context switch with three typical embedded operation system.
Take the multi-channel water quality analyzer as an example, the structure and measuring process are introduced and the task partition of this system is completed. On the basis of embedded operation system and compatible microchip, the design of hardware and software is achieved. This scheme provides a method to reduce the difficulty of designing the control software and enhance the performance of the system.
At the end of the thesis, the application results of the multi-channel water quality analyzer are given out. The results show that the method in this thesis is feasible and can satisfy the requirements of the design. What's more, this method can be replanted to other systems.
引文
[1] 许海燕, 付炎. 嵌入式系统技术与应用. 第一版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002
[2] 朱巍. 嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2002(8): 5-8
[3] 叶红, 孙新忠, 范建华. 水质分析方法与技术. 第一版. 北京: 地震出版社, 2001
[4] [美]William S. Davis T. M. Rajkumar. 操作系统基础教程. 第五版. 陈向群, 朱文琪, 吴泠等译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003
[5] C. M. Krishna Kang G.. Shin. Real-Time Systems. 1st Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1997
[6] 张小芳, 李向华, 陆起涌. uC/OS-II 在仪器仪表中的应用. 仪器仪表学报, 2003, 24(4): 131-133
[7] Jean J. Labrosse. MicroC/OS-II The Real-Time Kernel. 2nd Edition. Kansas: CMP Books, CMP Media LLC, 2002
[8] [美]Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. 第二版. 邵贝贝等译. 北京: 北京航天航空大学出版社, 2003
[9] [美]William Stallings. 操作系统——内核与设计原理. 第一版. 魏迎梅, 王涌译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001
[10] William Stallings. Operating Systems: internals and design principle. 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. , 1998
[11] 郑宗汉. 实时系统软件基础. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[12] [美]Andrew S. Tanenbaum. 现代操作系统. 第一版. 陈向群译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999
[13] 王学龙. 嵌入式 Linux 系统设计与应用. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2001
[14] 蔡德聪, 丁焱, 张庆军等. 工业控制计算机实时操作系统. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999
[15] Ganslle, Jack G. The Art of Programming Embedded Systems. 1st Edition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992
[16] Halang, Wolfgang A. , Alexander D. Stoyenko. Constructing Predictable Real Time Systems. 1st Edition. Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, 1991
[17] RTX51 Tiny User's Guide. Keil Software Inc. , 2004
[18] 刘玉宏. KEIL RTX51 TINY 内核的分析与应用. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003(10): 23-25
[19] 陈明计, 周立功. 嵌入式实时操作系统 Small RTOS51 原理及应用. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[20] [美]Daniel. P. Bovet&Marco Cesati 深入理解 LINUX 内核. 陈莉君等译. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2001
[21] Herbert S. Wilf. Algorithms and Complexity. 1st Edition. AK Peters, Ltd. , 2002
[22] 杜春雷. ARM 体系结构与编程. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003. 2
[23] SAMSUNG ELECTRONIC INC. S3C44B0X DataSheet, 2001. 7
[24] Jonathan Wvalvano. Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real Time Interfacing. 1st Edition. USA: Thomson Learning, 2000
[25] 陈莉君. 深入分析 Linux 内核源代码. 第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2002. 8
[26] 潘琢金, 施国君. C8051Fxxx 高速 SOC 单片机原理及应用. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[27] 李刚, 林凌. 与 8051 兼容的高性能、高速单片机 C8051Fxxx. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[28] [加]Kirk Zurell. 嵌入式系统的 C 程序设计. 第一版. 艾克武等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002
[29] 周立功等. PDIUSBD12 USB 固件编程与驱动开放. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[30] Cx51 Compiler Optimizing C Compiler and Library Reference for Classic and Extended 8051 Micro-controllers, Keil Software Inc. , 2000
[31] Micro Assembler and Utilities for 8051 and Variants, Keil Software Inc. , 2000
[32] 陈光东. 单片微型计算机原理与接口技术. 第二版. 武汉: 华中理工大学出版社, 1999
[33] 何立民. 单片机应用文集. 第一版. 北京: 航空航天大学出版社, 1992
[34] [美]Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式系统构件. 第二版. 袁勤勇, 黄绍金, 唐菁等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002
[35] Dybowski John. Negotiating a Keyboard Interface. The Computer Application Journal, 1992(10): 88-93
[36] 李维, 郭强, 周云仙. 液晶显示应用手册. 第一版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
[37] Seiko Epson Corporation, SED1335F Data Sheet, 1999
[38] 北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司, SED1335 控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册, 2001
[39] 姚传安, 宋寅卯. uC/OS-II 实时内核下的 A/D 驱动程序设计. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004(3): 26-28
[40] Campbell, Joe. C Programmer's Guide to Serial Communications. 2nd Edition. USA: Sams Publishing, 1993
[41] 胥静. 嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005
[42] Behrouz A. Forouzan. Data Communication and Networking. 2nd Edition. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2001
[43] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1: The Protocols. 1st Edition. USA: Addison Wesley/Pearson, 2002
[44] 徐延明, 林立志, 王罡. Linux 编程指南与实例. 人民邮电出版社, 2000. 12
[45] Thomas F. Herbert. An Introduction to TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers. In Embedded System Conference. Embedded Systems Conference Papers, Summer, 2000
[2] 朱巍. 嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2002(8): 5-8
[3] 叶红, 孙新忠, 范建华. 水质分析方法与技术. 第一版. 北京: 地震出版社, 2001
[4] [美]William S. Davis T. M. Rajkumar. 操作系统基础教程. 第五版. 陈向群, 朱文琪, 吴泠等译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003
[5] C. M. Krishna Kang G.. Shin. Real-Time Systems. 1st Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1997
[6] 张小芳, 李向华, 陆起涌. uC/OS-II 在仪器仪表中的应用. 仪器仪表学报, 2003, 24(4): 131-133
[7] Jean J. Labrosse. MicroC/OS-II The Real-Time Kernel. 2nd Edition. Kansas: CMP Books, CMP Media LLC, 2002
[8] [美]Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. 第二版. 邵贝贝等译. 北京: 北京航天航空大学出版社, 2003
[9] [美]William Stallings. 操作系统——内核与设计原理. 第一版. 魏迎梅, 王涌译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001
[10] William Stallings. Operating Systems: internals and design principle. 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. , 1998
[11] 郑宗汉. 实时系统软件基础. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[12] [美]Andrew S. Tanenbaum. 现代操作系统. 第一版. 陈向群译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999
[13] 王学龙. 嵌入式 Linux 系统设计与应用. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2001
[14] 蔡德聪, 丁焱, 张庆军等. 工业控制计算机实时操作系统. 第一版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999
[15] Ganslle, Jack G. The Art of Programming Embedded Systems. 1st Edition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992
[16] Halang, Wolfgang A. , Alexander D. Stoyenko. Constructing Predictable Real Time Systems. 1st Edition. Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, 1991
[17] RTX51 Tiny User's Guide. Keil Software Inc. , 2004
[18] 刘玉宏. KEIL RTX51 TINY 内核的分析与应用. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003(10): 23-25
[19] 陈明计, 周立功. 嵌入式实时操作系统 Small RTOS51 原理及应用. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[20] [美]Daniel. P. Bovet&Marco Cesati 深入理解 LINUX 内核. 陈莉君等译. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2001
[21] Herbert S. Wilf. Algorithms and Complexity. 1st Edition. AK Peters, Ltd. , 2002
[22] 杜春雷. ARM 体系结构与编程. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003. 2
[23] SAMSUNG ELECTRONIC INC. S3C44B0X DataSheet, 2001. 7
[24] Jonathan Wvalvano. Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real Time Interfacing. 1st Edition. USA: Thomson Learning, 2000
[25] 陈莉君. 深入分析 Linux 内核源代码. 第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2002. 8
[26] 潘琢金, 施国君. C8051Fxxx 高速 SOC 单片机原理及应用. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[27] 李刚, 林凌. 与 8051 兼容的高性能、高速单片机 C8051Fxxx. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[28] [加]Kirk Zurell. 嵌入式系统的 C 程序设计. 第一版. 艾克武等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002
[29] 周立功等. PDIUSBD12 USB 固件编程与驱动开放. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[30] Cx51 Compiler Optimizing C Compiler and Library Reference for Classic and Extended 8051 Micro-controllers, Keil Software Inc. , 2000
[31] Micro Assembler and Utilities for 8051 and Variants, Keil Software Inc. , 2000
[32] 陈光东. 单片微型计算机原理与接口技术. 第二版. 武汉: 华中理工大学出版社, 1999
[33] 何立民. 单片机应用文集. 第一版. 北京: 航空航天大学出版社, 1992
[34] [美]Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式系统构件. 第二版. 袁勤勇, 黄绍金, 唐菁等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002
[35] Dybowski John. Negotiating a Keyboard Interface. The Computer Application Journal, 1992(10): 88-93
[36] 李维, 郭强, 周云仙. 液晶显示应用手册. 第一版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
[37] Seiko Epson Corporation, SED1335F Data Sheet, 1999
[38] 北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司, SED1335 控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册, 2001
[39] 姚传安, 宋寅卯. uC/OS-II 实时内核下的 A/D 驱动程序设计. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004(3): 26-28
[40] Campbell, Joe. C Programmer's Guide to Serial Communications. 2nd Edition. USA: Sams Publishing, 1993
[41] 胥静. 嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解. 第一版. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005
[42] Behrouz A. Forouzan. Data Communication and Networking. 2nd Edition. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2001
[43] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1: The Protocols. 1st Edition. USA: Addison Wesley/Pearson, 2002
[44] 徐延明, 林立志, 王罡. Linux 编程指南与实例. 人民邮电出版社, 2000. 12
[45] Thomas F. Herbert. An Introduction to TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers. In Embedded System Conference. Embedded Systems Conference Papers, Summer, 2000
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