青藏高原两类对流层顶频率的季节变化特征
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摘要
基于ERA-Interim再分析逐日温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法,计算出两类对流层顶(热带对流层顶和极地对流层顶)的频率数据。分析了高原与同纬度地区两类对流层顶频率的季节变化特征及其差异,并初步讨论了高原两类对流层顶频率与其上空各层温度的关系。结果表明:1)高原在5-10月热带(极地)对流层顶频率增加(减少),11月至翌年4月热带(极地)对流层顶率减少(增加);其中极地对流层顶频率季节变化尤为明显,夏季很少出现,此时高原以热带对流层顶为主,其他季节则以复合对流层顶为主。2)北半球,热带(极地)对流层顶频率大致成带状由南向北递减(增)。与同纬度地区相比,高原在暖(冷)季热带对流层顶频率较同纬度地区偏多(少);与此相对应,暖(冷)季高原对流层中上部(平流层下部)各层温度较同纬度地区明显偏高(低)。3)高原高空各层温度与两类对流层顶频率具有紧密联系:对流层顶中上部温度与热带(极地)对流层顶频率存在显著的正(反)相关关系,而平流层下部温度与热带(极地)对流层顶频率为明显的反(正)相关关系。
引文
1 Sprenger M,Croci Maspoli M,Wernli H.Tropopause folds and cross-tropopause exchange:A global investigation based upon ECMWF analyses for the time period March 2000 to February 2001[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2003,108(12):291-302.
2 周顺武,杨双艳,张人禾,等.青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(3):307-314.
3 Chen X L,Ma Y M,Kelder H,et al.On the behaviour of the tropopause folding events over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(10):5113-5122.
4 杨双艳,周顺武.对流层顶研究回顾[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):145-151.
5 卞建春,范秋君,严仁嫦.夏季青藏高原对流层—平流层交换过程及其气候效应的若干问题[J].气象科技进展,2013,3(2):22—28.
6陈学龙,马耀明,胡泽勇,等.季风爆发前后青藏高原西部改则地区大气结构的初步分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(1):83-94.
7 陈芳,马英芳,朱西德.青海省对流层顶若干统计特征[J].气象科技,2007,35(1):57-60
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9 张红雨,周顺武,张国勇,等.1979—2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(2):8-13.
10 崔世锋,叶仁玉,徐红玲.2004-2011年安庆地区对流层顶的特征分析.安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2012,18(3):181-183.
11 杨双艳,周顺武,张人禾,等.青藏高原对流层顶高度与臭氧总量及上升运动的耦合关系[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(4):438-447.
12 任荣彩,吴国雄,孙舒悦,等.平流层-对流层相互作用研究进展:等熵位涡理论的应用及青藏高原影响,气象学报,2014,72(5):853-868.
13 Reichler T,Dameris M,Sausen R.Determining the Tropopause Height from Gridded Data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(2003):315-331.
14 Santer B D,Wehner M F,Wigley T M L,et al.Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes[J].science,2003,301(5632):479-483.
15 Sausen R,Santer B D.Use of changes in tropopause height to detect human influences on climate[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2003,12(3):131-136.
16 Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and perfor-mance of the data assimilation system[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2011,137(656):553-597.
17 Li D,Bian J C,Fan Q J.A deep stratospheric intrusion associated with an intense cut-off low event over East Asia[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2015,58(1):116-128.
18 WMO.M.A three-dimensional science:Second session of the commission for aerology[J].WMO Bull.,IV,1957,4:134-138.
19 王树廷,王伯民.气象资料的整理和统计方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1984,168-169.
20 ?kerlak B,Sprenger M,Pfahl S,et al.Tropopause folds in ERA‐Interim:Global climatology and relation to extreme weather events[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2015,120(10):4860-4877.
21 Xu X,Gao P,Zhang X.Global multiple tropopause features derived from COSMIC radio occultation data during 2007 to 2012[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2014,119(14):8515-8534.
22 Fu R,Hu Y,Wright J S,et al.Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2006,103(15):5664-5669.
23 Zhang M,Tian W,Chen L,et al.2010.Cross-tropopause mass exchange associated with a tropopause fold event over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,27:1344-1360.
24 Cavallo S M,Hakim G J.2012.Radiative Impact on Tropopause Polar Vortices over the Arctic[J].Monthly Weather Review,140(5):1683-1702.
2 周顺武,杨双艳,张人禾,等.青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(3):307-314.
3 Chen X L,Ma Y M,Kelder H,et al.On the behaviour of the tropopause folding events over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(10):5113-5122.
4 杨双艳,周顺武.对流层顶研究回顾[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):145-151.
5 卞建春,范秋君,严仁嫦.夏季青藏高原对流层—平流层交换过程及其气候效应的若干问题[J].气象科技进展,2013,3(2):22—28.
6陈学龙,马耀明,胡泽勇,等.季风爆发前后青藏高原西部改则地区大气结构的初步分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(1):83-94.
7 陈芳,马英芳,朱西德.青海省对流层顶若干统计特征[J].气象科技,2007,35(1):57-60
8 杨双艳,周顺武陈鹤.甘肃省对流层顶高度的季节变化特征分析[J].气象,2010,36(4):57-62
9 张红雨,周顺武,张国勇,等.1979—2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(2):8-13.
10 崔世锋,叶仁玉,徐红玲.2004-2011年安庆地区对流层顶的特征分析.安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2012,18(3):181-183.
11 杨双艳,周顺武,张人禾,等.青藏高原对流层顶高度与臭氧总量及上升运动的耦合关系[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(4):438-447.
12 任荣彩,吴国雄,孙舒悦,等.平流层-对流层相互作用研究进展:等熵位涡理论的应用及青藏高原影响,气象学报,2014,72(5):853-868.
13 Reichler T,Dameris M,Sausen R.Determining the Tropopause Height from Gridded Data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(2003):315-331.
14 Santer B D,Wehner M F,Wigley T M L,et al.Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes[J].science,2003,301(5632):479-483.
15 Sausen R,Santer B D.Use of changes in tropopause height to detect human influences on climate[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2003,12(3):131-136.
16 Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and perfor-mance of the data assimilation system[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2011,137(656):553-597.
17 Li D,Bian J C,Fan Q J.A deep stratospheric intrusion associated with an intense cut-off low event over East Asia[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2015,58(1):116-128.
18 WMO.M.A three-dimensional science:Second session of the commission for aerology[J].WMO Bull.,IV,1957,4:134-138.
19 王树廷,王伯民.气象资料的整理和统计方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1984,168-169.
20 ?kerlak B,Sprenger M,Pfahl S,et al.Tropopause folds in ERA‐Interim:Global climatology and relation to extreme weather events[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2015,120(10):4860-4877.
21 Xu X,Gao P,Zhang X.Global multiple tropopause features derived from COSMIC radio occultation data during 2007 to 2012[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2014,119(14):8515-8534.
22 Fu R,Hu Y,Wright J S,et al.Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2006,103(15):5664-5669.
23 Zhang M,Tian W,Chen L,et al.2010.Cross-tropopause mass exchange associated with a tropopause fold event over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,27:1344-1360.
24 Cavallo S M,Hakim G J.2012.Radiative Impact on Tropopause Polar Vortices over the Arctic[J].Monthly Weather Review,140(5):1683-1702.
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