用户名: 密码: 验证码:
龙门山北东段山前涪江第四纪冲洪积扇地貌演化及其构造响应
详细信息    查看官网全文
摘要
涪江冲积扇发育在青藏高原东缘北东—南西走向的龙门山断裂带北端的山前断裂带—江油断裂带内,冲积扇在武都盆地内的覆盖面积约为25km2,区域构造上为江油断层、通口断层、望乡台—倒挂牌断层、黄连桥断层、含增断层、香水—让水断层等组成的江油断裂带右旋走滑构造域。江油断裂的活动性质控制了涪江古、今冲洪积扇的展布方向及扇体的几何形态。涪江古、今冲洪积扇的形成、演化与青藏高原的构造隆升活动,尤其是江油断裂的走滑兼逆冲运动有着密切的联系。本研究通过宇宙核素成因埋藏年龄测试技术精确地测定发源于龙门山北东段主要河流—涪江自第四纪以来发育的三期冲积扇形成年代,即早更新世冲积扇(1.84Ma)、中更新世冲积扇(0.54Ma)和全新世冲积扇。随着走滑断裂的右旋走滑运动,沿走滑断裂的走向,涪江冲积扇发生侧向叠置,冲积扇的形成时代由老变新。江油断裂的右旋走滑导致河道及其沉积物不断向南西迁移,即由于龙门山北东段—江油断裂的右旋走滑兼逆冲运动,导致涪江早更新世冲积扇扇头右旋错动约3.2m,之后形成新的冲积扇(中更新世积扇)。随着江油断裂继续的继续活动,中更新世冲积扇扇头又被右旋错动了约0.8 m,之后形成全新世的冲积扇。涪江形成以来总共右旋错动距离约为4m。据此可以估算出江油断裂自1.84Ma和0.54Ma以来的平均右旋走滑速率分别约为2.17mm/a、1.48mm/a,表明早更新世以来江油断裂的右旋走滑速率有减小的趋势。早更新世,龙门山构造带强烈隆升,涪江山前有沉积作用发生,龙门山构造带的隆升速度大于涪江河道的下蚀作用速度,造成涪江山前持续沉积,加之龙门山构造带持续进行构造隆升活动,则在涪江山前形成巨厚的河流冲洪积扇沉积。中更新世,涪江河道的下蚀作用速度大于龙门山构造带的构造隆升速度且大于山麓的侵蚀作用速度,涪江冲洪积扇的沉积中心开始向南移动,加之山前江油断裂的右旋走滑运动,使形成的新冲积扇分布于早更新世冲积扇的南西侧。晚更新世,江油断裂的右旋走滑运动基本停止,全新世冲积扇超覆于晚更新世冲洪积扇,晚更新世冲洪积扇成为埋藏扇。在江油断裂的逆冲运动过程中,将涪江冲积扇分割成相对抬升的山前台地(早、中更新世涪江冲积扇)及山前盆地。早、中更新世冲积扇褶皱隆升了约50m,早更新世冲积扇总共褶皱隆升了约100m,则中更新世以来江油断裂带表现为阶段性的较缓慢的隆升活动,其隆升速率约为0.19mm/a。上述过程,在一定程度上反映了龙门山构造带北东段第四纪以来沉积对构造演化的响应过程。
引文
1 Bull W B.The alluvial-fan environment[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1977,1(2):222-270.
    2 Ouchi S.Response of alluvial rivers to slow active tectonic movement[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1985,96(4):504-515.
    3 Burbank P.Landscape evolution:the interactions of tectonics and surface processes[J].Basin Research,1999,11(1):1-6.
    4 Burbank D W,Anderson R S.Tectonic Geomorphology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Ltd,2000:1-274.
    5 Schumm S A,Dumont J F,Holbrook J M.Active Tectonics and Alluvial Rivers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:1-78.
    6杨景春,李有利.地貌学原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001:36-51.[Yang Jingchun,Li Youli.Principle of Geomorphology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2001:36-51.]
    7史兴民,杨景春.河流地貌对构造活动的响应[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(3):48-51,108.[Shi Xingmin,Yang Jingchun.Response of fluvial geomorphology to tectonic movement[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(3):48-51,108.]
    8李亚林,王成善,王谋,等.藏北长江源地区河流地貌特征及其对新构造运动的响应[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):374-382.[Li Yalin,Wang Chengshan,Wang Mou,et al.Morphological features of river valleys in the source region of the Yangtze River,northern Tibet,and their response to neotectonic movement[J].Geology in China,2006,33(2):374-382.]
    9贾营营,付碧宏,王岩,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(4):825-836.[Jia Yingying,Fu Bihong,Wang Yan,et al.Late cenozoic tectono-geomorphic growth and drainage response in the Longmen Shan Fault Zone,east margin of Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(4):825-836.]
    10 Fu Bihong,Shi Pilong,Guo Huadong,et al.Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and mountain building of the Longmen Shan,eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):805-824.]
    11 Kong Ping,Zheng Yong,Fu Bihong.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of Late Cenozoic deposits in the Sichuan Basin:implications for early quaternary glaciations in east Tibet[J].Quaternary Geochronology,2011,6(3/4):304-312.]
    12王文鹄.四川省通口河河流袭夺[J].山地研究,1997,15(1):18-23.[Wang Wengu.The capture of Tongkouhe River in Sichuan Province[J].Mountain Research,1997,15(1):18-23.]
    13陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段冲断前锋构造带特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):657-662,668.[Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,et al.Characteristics of thrust structures in the northern Longmenshan front belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):657-662,668.]
    14刘鹏飞,吕擎峰,李传波.江油市地质灾害易发性评价与防治建议[J].路基工程,2014,(5):207-213.[Liu Pengfei,Lv Qingfeng,Li Chuanbo.Evaluation on susceptibility of geological disasters in Jiangyou and the control measures[J].Subgrade Engineering,2014,(5):207-213.]
    15邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.[Deng Qidong,Chen Shefa,Zhao Xiaolin.Tectonics,scismisity and dynamics of Longmenshan mountains and its adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(4):389-403.]
    16唐荣昌,文德华,黄祖智,等.松潘-龙门山地区主要活动断裂带第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,1991,7(3):64-71.[Tang Rongchang,Wen Dehua,Huang Zuzhi,et al.The Quaternary activity characteristics of several major active faults in the Songpan-Longmenshan region[J].Earthquake Research in China,1991,7(3):64-71.]
    17杨长清,岳全玲,燕继红,等.龙门山北段构造变形特征与物理模拟[J].断块油气田,2010,17(6):686-689.[Yang Changqing,Yue Quanling,Yan Jihong,et al.Tectonic deformation features and physical modeling of northern section of Longmen Mountains[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(6):686-689.]
    18陈竹新,贾东,张惬,等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的平衡剖面分析[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):38-45.[Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Zhang Qie,et al.Balanced cross-section analysis of the fold-thrust belt of the Longmen mountains[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(1):38-45.]
    19李智武,刘树根,陈洪德,等.龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):440-454.[Li Zhiwu,Liu Shugen,Chen Hongde,et al.Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Lomgmen thrust belt,West Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(4):440-454.]
    20李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3-18.[Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Geological background of Longmen Shan seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):3-18.]
    21陈立春,冉勇康,陈杰,等.龙门山前山断裂大地震原地重复发生的地质地貌证据[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):472-483.[Chen Lichun,Ran Yongkang,Chen Jie,et al.Geological and geomorphic evidence for repeatedly occurring severe earthquakes on fronter-range fault of Longmenshan,China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3):472-483.]
    22唐荣昌,黄祖智,马声浩,等.四川活动断裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,1995,17(4):390-396.[Tang Rongchang,Huang Zuzhi,Ma Shenghao,et al.Basic characteristics of active fault zones in Sichuan Province[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(4):390-396.]
    23四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:627-634.[Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Province.Regional Geology of Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:627-634.]
    24许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:73-87.[Xu Zhiqin,Hou Liwei,Wang Zongxiu,et al.Orogenic Processes of the Songpan Ganze Orogenic Belt of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992:73-87.]
    25许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚,等.大陆俯冲作用及青藏高原周缘造山带的崛起[J].地学前缘,1999,6(3):139-151.[Xu Zhiqin,Yang Jingsui,Jiang Mei,et al.Continental subduction and uplifting of the orogenic belts at the margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1999,6(3):139-151]
    26Kong Ping,Granger D E,Wu Fuyuan,et al.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of the Xigeda paleo-lake:implications for evolution of the Middle Yangtze River[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,278(1/2):131-141.]
    27李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-148.[Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L.Geodynamic Processes of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its Geological Response[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006:1-148.
    28李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):40-51.[Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L,et al.Geomorphic evidence for the late cenozoic strikeslipping and thrusting in Longmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1):40-51.]
    29许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起-大型拆离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1262-1276.[Xu Zhiqin,Li Huaqi,Hou Liwei,et al.Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau:large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mechanism[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(10):1262-1276.]
    30张珂,刘开瑜,杨景春.海源断裂带的断层走滑型不对称谷地[M]//卢演涛,高维明,陈国星,等.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001:1-78.[Zhang Ke,Liu Kaiyu,Yang Jingchun.Fault strike-slip typeasymmetric valley of Haiyuan Fault Zone[M]//Lu Yantao,Gao Weiming,Chen Guoxing,et al.Neotectonics and Environments.Beijing:Seismological Press,2001:1-78.]
    31杨晓平,冯希杰,戈天勇,等.龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):644-657.[Yang Xiaoping,Feng Xijie,Ge Tianyong,et al.Geological and geomorphic evidence for the quaternary activity on the northeast segment of Longmenshan Fault Zone[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):644-657.
    32Bull W B,Mc Fadden L D.Tectonic geomorphology north and south of the Garlock fault,California[M]//Doehring D O.Geomorphology in Arid Regions.Binghamton:State University of New York,1997:115-138.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700