矮牵牛同源三倍体种质创制及减数分裂观察
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- 英文论文题名：The creation of autotriploidgermplasm and meiosis observation
- 论文作者：魏跃 ; 贾思振 ; 颜志明 ; 王全智
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：江苏农林职业技术学院农学园艺系;
- 论文关键词：矮牵牛 ; 同源三倍体 ; 染色体 ; 花粉 ; 减数分裂
- 英文论文关键词：Petunia hybridaVilm. ; autotriploid ; chromosome ; pollen ; meiosis
- 会议召开时间：2016-08-05
- 会议录名称：第四届全国花卉资源、育种、栽培及应用技术交流会论文汇编
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S681.9
- 学会代码：EGYP
- 会议名称：第四届全国花卉资源、育种、栽培及应用技术交流会
- 会议地点：中国内蒙古呼和浩特
- 主办单位：中国园艺学会、中国园艺学会观赏园艺专业委员会
- 学会名称：中国园艺学会
- 页数：9
- 文件大小：3946k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
为创制矮牵牛三倍体种质并对其进行细胞学研究,以矮牵牛二、四倍体为亲本对正反杂交座果率、单果结子数进行比较,对杂交后代进行染色体计数并与双亲进行农艺性状和解剖学比较,采用常规压片法对三倍体减数分裂进行观察。结果表明:(1)以四倍体为母本、二倍体为父本杂交的座果率、单果结子数显著高于反交,是获得三倍体矮牵牛的有效途径。(2)同源三倍体(2n=3x=21)冠幅、主茎粗、萼片宽性状具有较强的杂交优势,可育花粉率为44.7%低于父母亲本,花粉直径大小介于父母本之间具有较高育性,这为初级三体等非整倍体选育奠定了基础。(3)终变期大部分细胞内都出现单价体、二价体和三价体共存的现象,中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ出现游离在赤道板外染色体,后期Ⅰ染色体有10/11、9/12、8/1 3和7/14分离方式,并出现姊妹染色单体提前发生分离和丢失染色体,后期Ⅱ有10/10/11/11、9/9/12/12、8/8/1 3/13等分离方式,末期Ⅰ和末期Ⅱ存在落后、丢失染色体和染色体桥现象,四分体期观察到具有1-2个微核的四分体,减数分裂各时期平均约有8.6%的花粉母细胞表现异常。
In order to creatautotriploidgermplasm and carry cytology study in petunia,fruit set rate and seed numbers per fruit were investigated and compared between reciprocal crossby using diploid andtetraploid as parent,chromosome number counting andmeiotic observation on hybrids were also carried on,in addition agronomic and anatomical traits were compared between hybrid and parents.The results showed that(1)fruit setting rate,seeds number per fruitwere significantly higher than reciprocal crosswhentetraploidused as the female parent and diploid as male parent in hybridization,this mating type was proved to be an effective way to obtain triploid petunia.(2)growth extention,diameter of main stem and sepal width ofautotriploid(2n=3x=21)had significant heterosis,fertility rate of pollen was44.7%,lower than parents,its size was between its parents,higher fertility of pollen laid a foundation for the trisome formation.(3)Univalent,divalent and trivalent coexisted in the majority of cell in Diakinesis,some chromosomes were outside of equatorial plate in metaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ,distribution of chromosomes in anaphase Ⅰ had 10/11、 9/12、 8/13 and 7/14 types,sister chromatids dividing beforehand and chromosomes lost also found in this period,distribution of chromosomes in anaphase Ⅱ had 10/10/11/11、 9/9/12/12、8/8/13/13 types,lagged and lost chromosomes,chromosomes bridges existed in telophasel and II,tetrads with 1~2 micronucleus were found,abnormality was about 8.6%in meiosis among pollen mother cell.
In order to creatautotriploidgermplasm and carry cytology study in petunia,fruit set rate and seed numbers per fruit were investigated and compared between reciprocal crossby using diploid andtetraploid as parent,chromosome number counting andmeiotic observation on hybrids were also carried on,in addition agronomic and anatomical traits were compared between hybrid and parents.The results showed that(1)fruit setting rate,seeds number per fruitwere significantly higher than reciprocal crosswhentetraploidused as the female parent and diploid as male parent in hybridization,this mating type was proved to be an effective way to obtain triploid petunia.(2)growth extention,diameter of main stem and sepal width ofautotriploid(2n=3x=21)had significant heterosis,fertility rate of pollen was44.7%,lower than parents,its size was between its parents,higher fertility of pollen laid a foundation for the trisome formation.(3)Univalent,divalent and trivalent coexisted in the majority of cell in Diakinesis,some chromosomes were outside of equatorial plate in metaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ,distribution of chromosomes in anaphase Ⅰ had 10/11、 9/12、 8/13 and 7/14 types,sister chromatids dividing beforehand and chromosomes lost also found in this period,distribution of chromosomes in anaphase Ⅱ had 10/10/11/11、 9/9/12/12、8/8/13/13 types,lagged and lost chromosomes,chromosomes bridges existed in telophasel and II,tetrads with 1~2 micronucleus were found,abnormality was about 8.6%in meiosis among pollen mother cell.
引文
[1]李健,王锦秀,王立英,黄占明.无籽枸杞新品种选育研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(3):445-450
[2]KHUSH G S,SINGH R J.Primary trisomic of rice:origin,morphology,cytology,and use in linkage mapping[J].Genetics,1984,107:141-163.
[3]陈方永,倪海枝,徐小菊,陈青英,方海涛,王引,陈正连.种间杂交培育“温岭高橙”三倍体杂种[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(5):531~536.
[4]刘文革,王鸣.西瓜甜瓜育种中的染色体倍性操作及倍性鉴定[J].果树学报,2002,19(2):132~135.
[5]赵艳华,程和禾,吴雅琴,吴永杰,李玉生。三倍体葡萄种质创新及倍性快速鉴定[J].园艺学报,2011,38(6):1161-1166.
[6]满红,张成合,柳霖坡,等.结球甘蓝二、四倍体间杂交三倍体的获得及细胞学鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报),2005,6(4):405-408
[7]唐小敏,齐鸣.矮牵牛杂交一代优势研究初报[J].浙江农业科学,2001,3:120-123,136
[8]代色平,包满珠.矮牵牛花药培养及植株再生研究[J].亚热带植物科学,2003,32(2):55-57
[9]魏跃,王开冻,李洪海,徐贵.矮牵牛四倍体的诱导及其形态特征[J].江苏农业科学,2007,3:125-127
[10]郭余龙,闫明旭,陈君,马婧,李名扬.矮牵牛PMADS9基因启动子的克隆及分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(2):275-280
[11]张红梅,张蜀宁关,孔艳娥,张丽丽。利用青花菜幼嫩雌蕊进行染色体核型分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(5):727-730
[12]张凌媛,郭启高,李晓林,曾洪,谭健民,梁国鲁.枇杷气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性相关性研究[J].果树学报,2005,22(3):229-233
[13]李润芳,吕松,邓瑞宁,程志号,李再云,刘焰.荠菜的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):506-510
[14]张蜀宁,张伟,张红梅.同源四倍体萝卜花粉母细胞减数分裂[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(1):27-30
[15]魏跃,张蜀宁,隋益虎,吴志明,钱春桃,陈劲枫.同源四倍体矮牵牛花粉母细胞减数分裂观察[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1742-1745.
[16]申书兴,侯喜林,张成合.利用小孢子培养创建大白菜初级三体的研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(6):1209-1214.
[17]刁卫平,崔利,江彪,鲍生有,陈劲枫.黄瓜同源三倍体创制及减数分裂行为观察[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(1):36-42.
[18]钟程,张蜀宁,于旭红,李英,侯喜林,李式军.白菜2n配子诱导及有性多倍化创制四倍体的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(1):1789-1795.
[19]张成合,张书玲,申书兴,王梅,王彦华.“青露”菜薹三倍体的获得及其胚胎学观察[J].园艺学报,2001,28(4):317~322
[20]杨新华,杨今后,骆承军.桑树多倍体育种的回顾与展望[J].浙江农业科学,2000,(6):304-308
[21]OhkumaT,et al.Use of unreduced giant pollen to produce non-aploid persimmon[J].J.Japan.Hort.Soc.Sci.1997,(Suppl.1):134.
[22]Bretagnolle F,Thompson J D.Gametes with the somatic chromosome number:mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants[J].New Phytologist,1995,129:1-22
[23]王润奇,高俊华,王志兴,等.谷子三体系的建立[J].粟类作物,1994,36(9):690~693
[2]KHUSH G S,SINGH R J.Primary trisomic of rice:origin,morphology,cytology,and use in linkage mapping[J].Genetics,1984,107:141-163.
[3]陈方永,倪海枝,徐小菊,陈青英,方海涛,王引,陈正连.种间杂交培育“温岭高橙”三倍体杂种[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(5):531~536.
[4]刘文革,王鸣.西瓜甜瓜育种中的染色体倍性操作及倍性鉴定[J].果树学报,2002,19(2):132~135.
[5]赵艳华,程和禾,吴雅琴,吴永杰,李玉生。三倍体葡萄种质创新及倍性快速鉴定[J].园艺学报,2011,38(6):1161-1166.
[6]满红,张成合,柳霖坡,等.结球甘蓝二、四倍体间杂交三倍体的获得及细胞学鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报),2005,6(4):405-408
[7]唐小敏,齐鸣.矮牵牛杂交一代优势研究初报[J].浙江农业科学,2001,3:120-123,136
[8]代色平,包满珠.矮牵牛花药培养及植株再生研究[J].亚热带植物科学,2003,32(2):55-57
[9]魏跃,王开冻,李洪海,徐贵.矮牵牛四倍体的诱导及其形态特征[J].江苏农业科学,2007,3:125-127
[10]郭余龙,闫明旭,陈君,马婧,李名扬.矮牵牛PMADS9基因启动子的克隆及分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(2):275-280
[11]张红梅,张蜀宁关,孔艳娥,张丽丽。利用青花菜幼嫩雌蕊进行染色体核型分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(5):727-730
[12]张凌媛,郭启高,李晓林,曾洪,谭健民,梁国鲁.枇杷气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性相关性研究[J].果树学报,2005,22(3):229-233
[13]李润芳,吕松,邓瑞宁,程志号,李再云,刘焰.荠菜的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):506-510
[14]张蜀宁,张伟,张红梅.同源四倍体萝卜花粉母细胞减数分裂[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(1):27-30
[15]魏跃,张蜀宁,隋益虎,吴志明,钱春桃,陈劲枫.同源四倍体矮牵牛花粉母细胞减数分裂观察[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1742-1745.
[16]申书兴,侯喜林,张成合.利用小孢子培养创建大白菜初级三体的研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(6):1209-1214.
[17]刁卫平,崔利,江彪,鲍生有,陈劲枫.黄瓜同源三倍体创制及减数分裂行为观察[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(1):36-42.
[18]钟程,张蜀宁,于旭红,李英,侯喜林,李式军.白菜2n配子诱导及有性多倍化创制四倍体的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(1):1789-1795.
[19]张成合,张书玲,申书兴,王梅,王彦华.“青露”菜薹三倍体的获得及其胚胎学观察[J].园艺学报,2001,28(4):317~322
[20]杨新华,杨今后,骆承军.桑树多倍体育种的回顾与展望[J].浙江农业科学,2000,(6):304-308
[21]OhkumaT,et al.Use of unreduced giant pollen to produce non-aploid persimmon[J].J.Japan.Hort.Soc.Sci.1997,(Suppl.1):134.
[22]Bretagnolle F,Thompson J D.Gametes with the somatic chromosome number:mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants[J].New Phytologist,1995,129:1-22
[23]王润奇,高俊华,王志兴,等.谷子三体系的建立[J].粟类作物,1994,36(9):690~693
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