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吡啶-硼自由基的本质及其在合成C-4取代的吡啶衍生中的应用:从理论设计到实验验证
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摘要
硼自由基在合成化学中具有广泛的应用。量子化学研究表明,吡啶-硼自由基~([1])具有硼自由和碳自由基的双重特征~([2])。与吡啶环的C-4位相比,尽管该自由基的硼原子上具有较低的自旋密度,但是当吡啶-硼自由基与α,β-不饱和酮相互作用时,它仍然可能作为一个路易斯碱稳定的硼自由通过硼基迁移来形成新的α,β-不饱和酮-硼基自由基。进一步的理论计算结合实验研究证明了该自由基的这种特征。有意义的是,4-氰基吡啶、α,β-不饱和酮与B_2(pin)_2可以作为一个新颖的试剂组合通过自由基还原偶联反应来直接制备C-4取代的吡啶类衍生物。该过程无需过渡金属催化剂。反应中间体的热力学稳定性计算可以正确解释实验上的产物分布。
Density functional theory(DFT) investigations indicated that the B-pyridinyl radical exhibits dual characteristics of boron radical and carbon radical.Although such radical has relatively low spin density on the boron atom in comparison with the C-4 atom in the pyridine ring, it may react as a base-stabilized boryl radical when treated with enones to generate B-enones radicals via boryl migration.Further theoretical calculations and experimental studies provided supportive evidence for the dual characteristics of such B-pyridinyl radical.Significantly, the combination of 4-cyanopyridine, enones and B_2(pin)_2 provides a novel reagent system for the preparation of C-4 substituted pyridines via the reductive cross coupling reactions of the B-pyridinyl radicals and B-enone radicals.No transition-metal catalyst is required in these processes.Calculated free energies of the regioisomeric intermediates arising from such reductive cross coupling reactions correctly predict the experimental product distributions.
引文
[1]Wang G.;Zhang H.;Zhao,J.;Li W.;Cao J.;Zhu C.;Li S.;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.DOI:10.1002/anie.201511917.
    [2]Wang G.;Cao J.;Chen X.;Li S.;in preparation.

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