基于模型化学机理的VOCs化学物种谱建立与对比分析
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摘要
本研究在珠江三角洲地区(以下简称珠三角)道路移动源、工业有机溶剂及非工业有机溶剂使用源VOCs化学成分谱实测研究的基础上,建立了基于大气模型化学机理CB05和SAPRC-07的本地化模型物种谱,并与基于美国环保署SPECIATE数据库建立的物种谱进行对比分析.结果表明,1基于SAPRC-07机制建立的本地物种谱与SPECIATE差异较CB05机制明显;2制鞋、家具制造、轻型汽油车和摩托车本地物种谱与SPECIATE物种化结果差异较小;3印制电路板、轻型柴油车、LPG出租车及非工业有机溶剂使用源的物种谱差异较为显著.从模型物种谱对模型模拟结果的影响考虑,模型物种谱应尽量基于本地源化学成分谱建立;此外,对于重要源排放成分谱数据缺失的区域,利用SPECIATE数据作为模型物种输入文件时,建议优先选取CB05机制,以期提高空气质量模型模拟的可靠性和准确性.
Based upon chemical speciated source profiles of major VOCs sources in the Pearl River Delta region,i.e.,on-road mobile source,industrial solvent usage source and non-industrial solvent usage source,local model-ready source profiles of the CB05 and the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanisms were developed and compared with the USEPA SPEICATE. Results showed that: 1 under the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism,differences between local and USEPA SPECIATE profiles in different sources were more significant than CB05; 2 local and SPECIATE profiles were generally consistent in shoe-making industry,furniture-making industry,gasoline light duty vehicles and motorcycles, and 3 obvious discrepancies were observed in PCBmanufacturing industry,diesel light duty vehicles,LPG taxis and non-industrial solvent usage source. Given above differences and their potential influences in air quality modeling,localization of model speciated source profiles were needed. For areas still using non-local source profiles,the model speciated profiles for CB05 mechanism are recommended.
Based upon chemical speciated source profiles of major VOCs sources in the Pearl River Delta region,i.e.,on-road mobile source,industrial solvent usage source and non-industrial solvent usage source,local model-ready source profiles of the CB05 and the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanisms were developed and compared with the USEPA SPEICATE. Results showed that: 1 under the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism,differences between local and USEPA SPECIATE profiles in different sources were more significant than CB05; 2 local and SPECIATE profiles were generally consistent in shoe-making industry,furniture-making industry,gasoline light duty vehicles and motorcycles, and 3 obvious discrepancies were observed in PCBmanufacturing industry,diesel light duty vehicles,LPG taxis and non-industrial solvent usage source. Given above differences and their potential influences in air quality modeling,localization of model speciated source profiles were needed. For areas still using non-local source profiles,the model speciated profiles for CB05 mechanism are recommended.
引文
Carter W P L.2010.Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism and updated ozone reactivity scales[R].USA:Center fo Environmental Research and Technology College of Engineering and University of California
Carter W P L.2014.Development of a chemical speciation database and software for processing VOC Emissions for air quality models[R]California:College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology University of California.1-17
Chan C K,Yao X H.2008.Air pollution in mega cities in China[J]Atmospheric Environment,42(1):1-42
邓伟,陈怀亮,杨海鹰,等.2007.Models-3/CMAQ模式对郑州市大气污染物的预报分析研究[J].气象与环境科学,30(1):54-57
冯小琼.2013.珠江三角洲机动车VOCs和PM2.5排放特征谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学
Gao L,Jia G S,Zhang R J,et al.2011.Visual range trends in th Yangtze River Delta region of China,1981-2005[J].Journal of th Air&Waste Management Association,61(8):843-849
Guo H,Zou S C,Tsai W Y,et al.2011.Emission characteristics o nonmethane hydrocarbons from private cars and taxis at differen driving speeds in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,4(16):2711-2721
Hsu D Y,Divita Jr F.2011.SPECIATE 4.3:Addendum to SPECIATE4.2 Speciation Database Development Documentation[R].Unite Stated Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.EPA)
环境保护部.2005.点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法GB18285-2005[S].北京:国家质量监督检验检疫总局
环境保护部.2012.环境空气质量标准GB3095-2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Huang J P,Fung J C H,Lau A K H,et al.2005.Numerical simulatio and process analysis of typhoon-related ozone episodes in Hong Kon[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,110(D5):1-17,doi:101029/2004JD004914
Kwok R H F,Fung J C H,Lau A K H,et al.2010.Numerical study o seasonal variations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters in Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta Region[J].Journal of Geophysica Research,115:1-23,doi:10.1029/2009JD012809
李莉,陈长虹,黄成,等.2008.长江三角洲地区大气O3和PM10的区域污染特征模拟[J].环境科学,29(1):238-247
Liu Y,Shao M,Fu L L,et al.2008.Source profiles of volatile organi compounds(VOCs)measured in China:Part I[J].Atmospheri Environment,42(25):6247-6260
Louie P K K,Watson J G,Chow C J,et al.2005.Seasona characteristics and regional transport of PM2.5in Hong Kong[J]Atmospheric Environment,39(9):1695-1710
区家敏.2014.珠江三角洲VOCs排放来源识别、验证与基于反应活性的控制对策研究[D].广州:华南理工大学
区家敏,冯小琼,刘郁葱,等.2014.珠江三角洲机动车挥发性有机物排放化学成分谱研究[J].环境科学学报,34(4):826-834
石玉珍,徐永福,贾龙.2012.大气化学机理的发展及应用[J].气候与环境研究,17(1):112-124
Simon H,Beck L,Bhave P V,et al.2010.The development and uses o EPA's SPECIATE database[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,(4):196-206
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.2006.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.739
Wu D W,Fung J C H,Yao T,et al.2013.A study of control policy in the Pearl River Delta region by using the particulate matter sourc apportionment method[J].Atmospheric Environment,76:147-161
薛文博,付飞,王金南,等.2014.中国PM2.5跨区域传输特征数值模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,34(6):1361-1368
Yarwood G,Rao S,Yocke M,et al.2005.Updates to the Carbon Bond chemical mechanism:CB05[R].United Stated Environmenta Protection Agency(U.S.EPA).4-5
余宇帆.2012.珠江三角洲地区典型工业VOCs源排放成分谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学.5-7
Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al.2013.Industrial sector-base volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured i manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Scienc of the Total Environment,456-457:127-136
郑君瑜,王水胜,黄志炯,等.2014.区域高分辨率大气排放源清单建立的技术方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社.233-234
中国环境监测总站.2014.2014年10月京津冀、长三角、珠三角区域及直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市空气质量报告[R].北京.1-1
Carter W P L.2014.Development of a chemical speciation database and software for processing VOC Emissions for air quality models[R]California:College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology University of California.1-17
Chan C K,Yao X H.2008.Air pollution in mega cities in China[J]Atmospheric Environment,42(1):1-42
邓伟,陈怀亮,杨海鹰,等.2007.Models-3/CMAQ模式对郑州市大气污染物的预报分析研究[J].气象与环境科学,30(1):54-57
冯小琼.2013.珠江三角洲机动车VOCs和PM2.5排放特征谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学
Gao L,Jia G S,Zhang R J,et al.2011.Visual range trends in th Yangtze River Delta region of China,1981-2005[J].Journal of th Air&Waste Management Association,61(8):843-849
Guo H,Zou S C,Tsai W Y,et al.2011.Emission characteristics o nonmethane hydrocarbons from private cars and taxis at differen driving speeds in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,4(16):2711-2721
Hsu D Y,Divita Jr F.2011.SPECIATE 4.3:Addendum to SPECIATE4.2 Speciation Database Development Documentation[R].Unite Stated Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.EPA)
环境保护部.2005.点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法GB18285-2005[S].北京:国家质量监督检验检疫总局
环境保护部.2012.环境空气质量标准GB3095-2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Huang J P,Fung J C H,Lau A K H,et al.2005.Numerical simulatio and process analysis of typhoon-related ozone episodes in Hong Kon[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,110(D5):1-17,doi:101029/2004JD004914
Kwok R H F,Fung J C H,Lau A K H,et al.2010.Numerical study o seasonal variations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters in Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta Region[J].Journal of Geophysica Research,115:1-23,doi:10.1029/2009JD012809
李莉,陈长虹,黄成,等.2008.长江三角洲地区大气O3和PM10的区域污染特征模拟[J].环境科学,29(1):238-247
Liu Y,Shao M,Fu L L,et al.2008.Source profiles of volatile organi compounds(VOCs)measured in China:Part I[J].Atmospheri Environment,42(25):6247-6260
Louie P K K,Watson J G,Chow C J,et al.2005.Seasona characteristics and regional transport of PM2.5in Hong Kong[J]Atmospheric Environment,39(9):1695-1710
区家敏.2014.珠江三角洲VOCs排放来源识别、验证与基于反应活性的控制对策研究[D].广州:华南理工大学
区家敏,冯小琼,刘郁葱,等.2014.珠江三角洲机动车挥发性有机物排放化学成分谱研究[J].环境科学学报,34(4):826-834
石玉珍,徐永福,贾龙.2012.大气化学机理的发展及应用[J].气候与环境研究,17(1):112-124
Simon H,Beck L,Bhave P V,et al.2010.The development and uses o EPA's SPECIATE database[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,(4):196-206
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.2006.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.739
Wu D W,Fung J C H,Yao T,et al.2013.A study of control policy in the Pearl River Delta region by using the particulate matter sourc apportionment method[J].Atmospheric Environment,76:147-161
薛文博,付飞,王金南,等.2014.中国PM2.5跨区域传输特征数值模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,34(6):1361-1368
Yarwood G,Rao S,Yocke M,et al.2005.Updates to the Carbon Bond chemical mechanism:CB05[R].United Stated Environmenta Protection Agency(U.S.EPA).4-5
余宇帆.2012.珠江三角洲地区典型工业VOCs源排放成分谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学.5-7
Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al.2013.Industrial sector-base volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured i manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Scienc of the Total Environment,456-457:127-136
郑君瑜,王水胜,黄志炯,等.2014.区域高分辨率大气排放源清单建立的技术方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社.233-234
中国环境监测总站.2014.2014年10月京津冀、长三角、珠三角区域及直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市空气质量报告[R].北京.1-1
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