甘肃宕昌县野生湿生扁蕾资源调查
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摘要
依据全国第四次中药资源普查技术方案,通过套样方踏查和调查相结合的方法,对甘肃宕昌县野生湿生扁蕾资源全面调查,旨在揭示其资源现状及蕴藏量,为其动态监测及开发利用提供科学依据。结果表明,在该县7个生态区,53个样地,265个套方,1060个样方中,发现分布有野生湿生扁蕾居群的生态区有3个,占调查总生态区的42.86%;样地有3个,占调查总样地的5.66%;套方有11个,占调查总套方的4.15%;样方有26个,占调查总样方的2.45%。分布面积约1.27km2,药材蕴藏量3474.36kg,经济量2605.77kg,年允收量912.02kg。植株性状Shannon-Weaver多样性指数2.11~2.86,农艺性状差异大,10个性状变异系数变幅23.08%~61.83%,侧根数变异最大,叶对数变异最小,单株鲜重和干重、花朵数、基部节间长等性状变异程度也均高于平均值。在海拔2234~2699m范围内,随海拔升高,株高、茎粗、花朵数、单株重均呈增大趋势。湿生扁蕾受威胁及优先保护综合评价级别系数为0.60,受威胁级别为二级,保护等级为II级。以上说明宕昌县域内野生湿生扁蕾种质资源表型多样性丰富,但资源分布稀少,分布区域狭窄,需采取措施加以保护利用。
The wild Gentianopsis paludosaresources in Tanchang County were comprehensive surveyed in order to further explore the distribution and abundance of this species.Survey and sampling techniques followed those published in the Nationwide Chinese Medicine Survey technical notes.1060 small sample plots and 265 permanent sample plots at 53 sample sites representing seven ecological zones were collected.Wild G.paludosa was found in eleven permanent sample plots and twenty six small sample plots representing three ecological zones and three sampling sites.Plants were distributed over an area of 1.27 ka containing 3474.36 kg of medicinal material,2605.77 kg of economically valuable material and 912.02 kg of permitted annual harvest.The Shannon- Weaver diversity index of quantitative characteristics ranged from 2.11 to 2.86 resulting in23.08%-61.83% of the variation coefficient for ten agronomic traits;lateral root numbers had the greatest and leaf numbers the least influence.Increasing altitude(2234to 2699m)resulted in greater flower numbers,stem diameter,plant height,fresh weight and dry weight per plant.It is concluded that wild G.paludosahas high genetic diversity but is not widely distributed suggesting that measures should be taken to protect this valuable resource.
The wild Gentianopsis paludosaresources in Tanchang County were comprehensive surveyed in order to further explore the distribution and abundance of this species.Survey and sampling techniques followed those published in the Nationwide Chinese Medicine Survey technical notes.1060 small sample plots and 265 permanent sample plots at 53 sample sites representing seven ecological zones were collected.Wild G.paludosa was found in eleven permanent sample plots and twenty six small sample plots representing three ecological zones and three sampling sites.Plants were distributed over an area of 1.27 ka containing 3474.36 kg of medicinal material,2605.77 kg of economically valuable material and 912.02 kg of permitted annual harvest.The Shannon- Weaver diversity index of quantitative characteristics ranged from 2.11 to 2.86 resulting in23.08%-61.83% of the variation coefficient for ten agronomic traits;lateral root numbers had the greatest and leaf numbers the least influence.Increasing altitude(2234to 2699m)resulted in greater flower numbers,stem diameter,plant height,fresh weight and dry weight per plant.It is concluded that wild G.paludosahas high genetic diversity but is not widely distributed suggesting that measures should be taken to protect this valuable resource.
引文
[1]Yunnan Institute for Food and Drug Control.Chinese Ethnic Medicine Zhi[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,1984.
[2]Editorial Committee of Flora of China.Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:294-296.
[3]Wang H D,Tan C Y,Du Y G,et al.Studies on chemical constituents fromGentianopsis paludosa.Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2005,14:1059-1061.
[4]Cao C N,Mi Q,Zhao Z X,et al.Study on effective composition of Gentianopsis paludosa of Tibetan medicine.Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry,2004,3:12-13,34.
[5]Huang L Q,Lu J W,Guo L P,et al.Project design and implementation of the fourth national survey Chinese material medica resources.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,5:625-628.
[6]Guo L P.The fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources preparation.Modern Chinese Medicine,2009,2:3-5.
[7]Huang L Q,Zhao R H,Chen S L,et al.In the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources planning and pilot work.Modern Chinese Medicine,2012,1:13-15.
[8]Zhao R M,Chen Y,Guo F X,et al.Comparative study on distributed feature of wild Angelica sinensis resources and the difference in growth characteristics with its cultivars native to Min County of Gansu.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):29-37.
[9]Su J J.Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Protection Counter measures in Luqu County[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2013.
[10]Meng F R,Du F,Li M M,et al.Medicinal plant resources and diversity in Midu County of Yunnan.Journal of West China Forestry Science,2014,2:65-71.
[11]Chen S L,Zhang B G,Yang Z,et al.Survey scheme of the main Chinese medicines resources.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2005,30(16):1229-1232.
[12]Ma W F,Zhang X B,Guo L P.Research on reserves estimation method of wild medicinal plants resource for generous species based on spatial information technology.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(8):1130-1133.
[13]Huang L Q,Tang S H,Cui G H,et al.Discussion on method of synthetic assessment for threaten and priority conservation of medicinal plants.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2006,23:1929-1932.
[14]Yang S H.Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[15]Li Y,Shi Y S,Cao Y S,et al.A phenotypic diversity analysis of maize germplasm preserved in China.Maydica,2002,(47):107-114.
[16]Li L,Yang K,Ma L H,et al.Microsatellite marker development of foxtail millet by enriched libraries and genetic phylogenetic analysis of some Setariaspecies.The Proceedings of Plant Genomics in China IX[C].Guangzhou:Plant Genomics in China IX,2008:44-50.
[17]Zhang Q,Niu J M,Buyantuyev A,et al.Ecological analysis and classification of Stipa breviflora communities in the Inner Mongolia region:the role of environmental factors.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):83-92.
[18]Gao H,Li F Y,Qin L X,et al.Seed treatment and field mulching experiment on Gentianopsis paludosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2006,41(3):40-43.
[19]Gao H.Study on the Dormancy Mechanism of Gentianopsis paludosa and Phlomis rotate[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2006.
[20]Bai Y D,Xie H C,Wang W J,et al.Research advances in Tibetan medicine Gentianopsis paludosa Ma.Medicinal Plant,2010,2:45-47,51.
[21]Wang Y S,Chen L J,Yang X J,et al.Research on the wild medicinal vine plant resources in the“Danxia”geomorphological area of Langshan Mountain and their potential exploitability.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(3):85-96.
[22]Zhang J P,Ding Y F.A study on resource investigation,application and protection of wild herbaceous plants of the Yuntai Mountain in Lianyungang.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):215-223.
[23]Wang Y S,Hou B X,Yang Q F,et al.Investigation and analysis of application prospects of Lagerstroemia indica germplasm resources in Hunan Province.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):77-91.
[24]Wang Y H,Guo F X,Chen Y,et al.A study on blossoming habit and seed filling characteristics of wild Aconitum sinomontanum.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(4):76-82.
[25]Liu C Y,Sun X Y,Zhu T C,et al.Comparison of the production performance of ryegrass cultivars and screening of dominant varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):39-48.
[1]云南省药品检验所.中国民族药志[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:294-296.
[3]王焕弟,谭成玉,杜昱光,等.藏药湿生扁蕾的化学成分研究.中国药学杂志,2005,14:1059-1061.
[4]曹长年,米琴,赵宙兴,等.藏药湿生扁蕾有效成份的研究.青海农林科技,2004,3:12-13,34.
[5]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍,等.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,5:625-628.
[6]郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查的实施准备.中国现代中药,2009,2:3-5.
[7]黄璐琦,赵润怀,陈士林,等.第四次全国中药资源普查筹备与试点工作进展.中国现代中药,2012,1:13-15.
[8]赵锐明,陈垣,郭凤霞,等.甘肃岷县野生当归资源分布特点及其与栽培当归生长特性的比较研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):29-37.
[9]苏晶晶.碌曲县药用植物资源及保护对策研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.
[10]孟凡荣,杜凡,李敏敏,等.弥渡县药用植物多样性特征研究.西部林业科学,2014,2:65-71.
[11]陈士林,张本刚,杨智,等.全国中药资源普查方案设计.中国中药杂志,2005,30(16):1229-1232.
[12]马卫峰,张小波,郭兰萍.基于空间信息技术的野生广布种药用植物资源蕴藏量估算方法研究.中国中药杂志,2013,38(8):1130-1133.
[13]黄璐琦,唐仕欢,崔光红,等.药用植物受威胁及优先保护的综合评价方法.中国中药杂志,2006,23:1929-1932.
[14]杨世海.中药资源学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[17]张庆,牛建明,Buyantuyev A,等.内蒙古短花针茅群落数量分类及环境解释.草业学报,2012,21(1):83-92.
[18]高宏,李府垠,秦临喜,等.湿生扁蕾种子处理和田间覆盖试验.甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(3):40-43.
[19]高宏.湿生扁蕾和独一味种子休眠机理研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.
[21]王业社,陈立军,杨贤均,等.湖南崀山丹霞地貌区野生药用藤本植物资源及开发利用研究.草业学报,2014,23(3):85-96.
[22]张佳平,丁彦芬.连云港云台山野生草本植物资源调查、应用及保护研究.草业学报,2012,21(4):215-223.
[23]王业社,侯伯鑫,杨强发,等.湖南省紫薇种质资源调查及应用前景分析.草业学报,2014,23(5):77-91.
[24]王永辉,郭凤霞,陈垣,等.野生高乌头开花习性及种子灌浆特性研究.草业学报,2013,22(4):76-82.
[25]刘春英,孙学映,朱体超,等.不同黑麦草品种生产性能比较与优势品种筛选.草业学报,2014,23(4):39-48.
[2]Editorial Committee of Flora of China.Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:294-296.
[3]Wang H D,Tan C Y,Du Y G,et al.Studies on chemical constituents fromGentianopsis paludosa.Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2005,14:1059-1061.
[4]Cao C N,Mi Q,Zhao Z X,et al.Study on effective composition of Gentianopsis paludosa of Tibetan medicine.Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry,2004,3:12-13,34.
[5]Huang L Q,Lu J W,Guo L P,et al.Project design and implementation of the fourth national survey Chinese material medica resources.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,5:625-628.
[6]Guo L P.The fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources preparation.Modern Chinese Medicine,2009,2:3-5.
[7]Huang L Q,Zhao R H,Chen S L,et al.In the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources planning and pilot work.Modern Chinese Medicine,2012,1:13-15.
[8]Zhao R M,Chen Y,Guo F X,et al.Comparative study on distributed feature of wild Angelica sinensis resources and the difference in growth characteristics with its cultivars native to Min County of Gansu.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):29-37.
[9]Su J J.Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Protection Counter measures in Luqu County[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2013.
[10]Meng F R,Du F,Li M M,et al.Medicinal plant resources and diversity in Midu County of Yunnan.Journal of West China Forestry Science,2014,2:65-71.
[11]Chen S L,Zhang B G,Yang Z,et al.Survey scheme of the main Chinese medicines resources.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2005,30(16):1229-1232.
[12]Ma W F,Zhang X B,Guo L P.Research on reserves estimation method of wild medicinal plants resource for generous species based on spatial information technology.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(8):1130-1133.
[13]Huang L Q,Tang S H,Cui G H,et al.Discussion on method of synthetic assessment for threaten and priority conservation of medicinal plants.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2006,23:1929-1932.
[14]Yang S H.Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[15]Li Y,Shi Y S,Cao Y S,et al.A phenotypic diversity analysis of maize germplasm preserved in China.Maydica,2002,(47):107-114.
[16]Li L,Yang K,Ma L H,et al.Microsatellite marker development of foxtail millet by enriched libraries and genetic phylogenetic analysis of some Setariaspecies.The Proceedings of Plant Genomics in China IX[C].Guangzhou:Plant Genomics in China IX,2008:44-50.
[17]Zhang Q,Niu J M,Buyantuyev A,et al.Ecological analysis and classification of Stipa breviflora communities in the Inner Mongolia region:the role of environmental factors.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):83-92.
[18]Gao H,Li F Y,Qin L X,et al.Seed treatment and field mulching experiment on Gentianopsis paludosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2006,41(3):40-43.
[19]Gao H.Study on the Dormancy Mechanism of Gentianopsis paludosa and Phlomis rotate[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2006.
[20]Bai Y D,Xie H C,Wang W J,et al.Research advances in Tibetan medicine Gentianopsis paludosa Ma.Medicinal Plant,2010,2:45-47,51.
[21]Wang Y S,Chen L J,Yang X J,et al.Research on the wild medicinal vine plant resources in the“Danxia”geomorphological area of Langshan Mountain and their potential exploitability.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(3):85-96.
[22]Zhang J P,Ding Y F.A study on resource investigation,application and protection of wild herbaceous plants of the Yuntai Mountain in Lianyungang.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):215-223.
[23]Wang Y S,Hou B X,Yang Q F,et al.Investigation and analysis of application prospects of Lagerstroemia indica germplasm resources in Hunan Province.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):77-91.
[24]Wang Y H,Guo F X,Chen Y,et al.A study on blossoming habit and seed filling characteristics of wild Aconitum sinomontanum.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(4):76-82.
[25]Liu C Y,Sun X Y,Zhu T C,et al.Comparison of the production performance of ryegrass cultivars and screening of dominant varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):39-48.
[1]云南省药品检验所.中国民族药志[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:294-296.
[3]王焕弟,谭成玉,杜昱光,等.藏药湿生扁蕾的化学成分研究.中国药学杂志,2005,14:1059-1061.
[4]曹长年,米琴,赵宙兴,等.藏药湿生扁蕾有效成份的研究.青海农林科技,2004,3:12-13,34.
[5]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍,等.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,5:625-628.
[6]郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查的实施准备.中国现代中药,2009,2:3-5.
[7]黄璐琦,赵润怀,陈士林,等.第四次全国中药资源普查筹备与试点工作进展.中国现代中药,2012,1:13-15.
[8]赵锐明,陈垣,郭凤霞,等.甘肃岷县野生当归资源分布特点及其与栽培当归生长特性的比较研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):29-37.
[9]苏晶晶.碌曲县药用植物资源及保护对策研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.
[10]孟凡荣,杜凡,李敏敏,等.弥渡县药用植物多样性特征研究.西部林业科学,2014,2:65-71.
[11]陈士林,张本刚,杨智,等.全国中药资源普查方案设计.中国中药杂志,2005,30(16):1229-1232.
[12]马卫峰,张小波,郭兰萍.基于空间信息技术的野生广布种药用植物资源蕴藏量估算方法研究.中国中药杂志,2013,38(8):1130-1133.
[13]黄璐琦,唐仕欢,崔光红,等.药用植物受威胁及优先保护的综合评价方法.中国中药杂志,2006,23:1929-1932.
[14]杨世海.中药资源学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[17]张庆,牛建明,Buyantuyev A,等.内蒙古短花针茅群落数量分类及环境解释.草业学报,2012,21(1):83-92.
[18]高宏,李府垠,秦临喜,等.湿生扁蕾种子处理和田间覆盖试验.甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(3):40-43.
[19]高宏.湿生扁蕾和独一味种子休眠机理研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.
[21]王业社,陈立军,杨贤均,等.湖南崀山丹霞地貌区野生药用藤本植物资源及开发利用研究.草业学报,2014,23(3):85-96.
[22]张佳平,丁彦芬.连云港云台山野生草本植物资源调查、应用及保护研究.草业学报,2012,21(4):215-223.
[23]王业社,侯伯鑫,杨强发,等.湖南省紫薇种质资源调查及应用前景分析.草业学报,2014,23(5):77-91.
[24]王永辉,郭凤霞,陈垣,等.野生高乌头开花习性及种子灌浆特性研究.草业学报,2013,22(4):76-82.
[25]刘春英,孙学映,朱体超,等.不同黑麦草品种生产性能比较与优势品种筛选.草业学报,2014,23(4):39-48.