巨高巷道帮不稳定三角块滑移及控制
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摘要
为解决超高巷道围岩控制难题,选取五家沟煤矿5201主运巷超高段(断面尺寸:5.25 m×8 m)为研究对象,采用UDEC和平衡拱理论分析帮不稳定三角块的响应特征。结果表明:(1)帮受力状态如单侧无侧限单轴压缩,其破坏形式以侧壁夹角为45°-φ/2方向上的三角块剪切滑移为主;(2)帮深部垂直应力与水平应力差逐渐升高,构成帮不稳定三角块滑移的主要力源;(3)帮沉降和水平位移曲线存在明显拐点,且拐点随巷高增加逐渐向深部转移;(4)不稳定三角块最大宽度和顶压随巷高增加而增加,稳定性逐渐降低。认为:(1)高性能、高预紧力锚杆可更好提高围岩力学性质,减小三角块顶压,保持帮不稳定三角块的完整性,帮中下部锚杆穿过主剪切滑移面可抵抗帮不稳定三角块的剪切滑移;(2)斜拉锚索梁结构可发挥锚索抗拉强度大的优势,锚固在冒落拱迹线外的肩角和底角稳定区内,增大帮不稳定三角块滑移面的摩擦力。基于此提出高强高预紧力锚带网和帮斜拉锚索梁联合控制技术,掘出后顶底板相对最大移近速度4.1 mm/d,两帮相对最大移近速度4 mm/d,顶底板相对移近量104 mm,两帮相对移近量150 mm,顶板累计离层3.5 mm,支护完成后10 d实现自稳,帮不稳定三角块完整性好且无明显滑移迹象。
To solve surrounding rock control problem in super-high roadway,the ultrahigh segment(section size is 5.25 m×8 m) of No. 5201 main transport roadway in Wujiagou mine was selected as research object. Response characteristic of coal side un-stable triangle block was analyzed by UDEC and balance arch theory. The results showed that:(1) Coal side force state is like unconfined uniaxial compression,the failure form is triangle block shear slip,whose angle is 45°-φ/2 in the direction for lateral wall.(2) The vertical stress and the horizontal stress difference increases gradually in deep part,which constitutes main force source of un-stable triangle block slip.(3) Subsidence curve and horizontal displacement curve in coal side both have obvious inflections,which transfers to outside gradually with roadway height increasing.(4) Maximum width and roof pressure of un-stable triangle block add with roadway height increasing,stability gradually drops. It proves that:(1) High performance,high pre-stress bolt could enhance surrounding rock characteristics,decrease roof pressure and keep integrity of un-stable triangle block,and with middle and lower bolt in coal side pass through the shear slip face,also could resist shear and slip of un-stable triangle block.(2) Diagonal cable beam structure could be anchored in the shoulder and floor stable area out the caving arch,develope advantage of high strength,increases friction of un-stable triangle block. Based on this,the support technology of high strength and high pre-stressing bolt net bar and sides diagonal cable beam is proposed. During the period of driving influence,roof-to-floor relative convergent velocity is 4.1 mm/d,both sides maximal relative convergent velocity of sides is 4 mm/d,roof-to-floor relative convergence is 104 mm,both sides relative convergence is 150 mm,the total roof separation was 3.5 mm,roadway self-stable period after it was dig out for 10 days,integrity of un-stable triangle block is well and slip sign is not obvious.
To solve surrounding rock control problem in super-high roadway,the ultrahigh segment(section size is 5.25 m×8 m) of No. 5201 main transport roadway in Wujiagou mine was selected as research object. Response characteristic of coal side un-stable triangle block was analyzed by UDEC and balance arch theory. The results showed that:(1) Coal side force state is like unconfined uniaxial compression,the failure form is triangle block shear slip,whose angle is 45°-φ/2 in the direction for lateral wall.(2) The vertical stress and the horizontal stress difference increases gradually in deep part,which constitutes main force source of un-stable triangle block slip.(3) Subsidence curve and horizontal displacement curve in coal side both have obvious inflections,which transfers to outside gradually with roadway height increasing.(4) Maximum width and roof pressure of un-stable triangle block add with roadway height increasing,stability gradually drops. It proves that:(1) High performance,high pre-stress bolt could enhance surrounding rock characteristics,decrease roof pressure and keep integrity of un-stable triangle block,and with middle and lower bolt in coal side pass through the shear slip face,also could resist shear and slip of un-stable triangle block.(2) Diagonal cable beam structure could be anchored in the shoulder and floor stable area out the caving arch,develope advantage of high strength,increases friction of un-stable triangle block. Based on this,the support technology of high strength and high pre-stressing bolt net bar and sides diagonal cable beam is proposed. During the period of driving influence,roof-to-floor relative convergent velocity is 4.1 mm/d,both sides maximal relative convergent velocity of sides is 4 mm/d,roof-to-floor relative convergence is 104 mm,both sides relative convergence is 150 mm,the total roof separation was 3.5 mm,roadway self-stable period after it was dig out for 10 days,integrity of un-stable triangle block is well and slip sign is not obvious.
引文
[1]钮新强,丁秀丽.地下洞室围岩顶拱承载力学机制及稳定拱设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):775–786.(NIU Xinqiang,DING Xiuli.Bearing mechanism of top arch and stable arch design method for surrounding rock of underground caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):775–786.(in Chinese))
[2]王志达,龚晓南,蔡智军.浅埋暗挖隧道开挖进尺的计算方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2007,28(增1):497–500.(WANG Zhida,GONG Xiaonan,CAI Zhijun.Research on calculation method of digging length in tunnel with underground excavation under shallow cover[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(Supp.1):497–500.(in Chinese))
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[4]张玉国,谢康和,何富连,等.锚网索支护软煤综放面开切眼围岩稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 298–3 304.(ZHANG Yuguo,XIE Kanghe,HE Fulian,et al.Study on surrounding rock stability of working face supported by bolt-mesh-anchor in soft and thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 298–3 304.(in Chinese))
[5]贾俊峰.煤巷片帮类型及锚固机理研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2005,36(1):93–95.(JIA Junfeng.Study on the failure style and its control method of soft ribs[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2005,36(1):93–95.(in Chinese))
[6]李顺才,张春,缪协兴,等.巷道局部弱支护围岩应力场及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):463–467.(LI Shuncai,ZHANG Chun,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Analysis on stress field and stability of rock surrounding[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):463–467.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,吴拥政,李建波.锚杆支护组合构件的力学性能与支护效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1 057–1 065.(KANG Hongpu,WU Yongzheng,LI Jianbo.Analysis on mechanical performances and supporting function of combination components for rock bolting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1 057–1 065.(in Chinese))
[8]李志兵,张农,韩昌良,等.锚固预紧力与预紧力矩相互关系的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):189–193.(LI Zhibing,ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,et al.Relationship between pre-tightening force and tightening torque[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2012,41(2):189–193.(in Chinese))
[9]王襄禹,柏建彪,胡忠超.基于变形压力分析的有控卸压机理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(3):313–317.(WANG Xiangyu,BAI Jianbiao,HU Zhongchao.Research on the mechanism of pressure relief based on the analysis of compressive stress deformation[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(3):313–317.(in Chinese))
[10]谢广祥,常聚才.深井巷道控制围岩最小变形时空耦合一体化支护[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):183–187.(XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai.Study of space-time coupled and integrative supporting method of controlling the minimum deformation of surrounding rock in deep mine roadway[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(2):183–187.(in Chinese))
[11]潘卫东,刘家敦,魏立科.工作面跨巷道开采的安全岩柱厚度与加强支护技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):580–586.(PAN Weidong,LIU Jiadun,WEI Like.Safety rock stratum thickness and reinforced support technology during mining face striding crosscuts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):580–586.(in Chinese))
[12]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机理与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1–7.(WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts cables in gateroad with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1–7.(in Chinese))
[13]赵一鸣.煤矿巷道树脂锚固体力学行为及锚杆杆体承载特性研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1 423–1 424.(ZHAO Yiming.Study on mechanical behavior of epoxy bonded bolt system and bolt bearing characteristic in coal mine roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1 423–1 424.(in Chinese))
[14]肖同强,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部大断面厚顶煤巷道围岩稳定原理及控制[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1 874–1 880.(XIAO Tongqiang,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Stability principle and control of surrounding rock in deep coal roadway with large section and thick top-coal[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1 874–1 880.(in Chinese))
[15]李英杰,张顶立,宋义敏,等.软弱破碎深埋隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1 138–1 147.(LI Yingjie,ZHANG Dingli,SONG Yimin,et al.Experimental research of progressive damage of surrounding rock for soft fractured deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1 138–1 147.(in Chinese))
[16]康红普,林健,杨景贺,等.松软破碎硐室群围岩应力分布及综合加固技术[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):808–814.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,YANG Jinghe,et al.Stress distribution and synthetic reinforcing technology for chamber group with soft and fractured surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):808–814.(in Chinese))
[17]刘爱卿,鞠文君,许海涛,等.锚杆预紧力对节理岩体抗剪性能影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):391–396.(LIU Aiqing,JU Wenjun,XU Hatao,et al.Experimental study on the effect of bolt prestress on the shear behavior of jointed rockmass[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):391–396.(in Chinese))
[18]翟英达.多裂隙围岩中锚固结构形成的力学机理[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(9):1 435–1 439.(ZHAI Yingda.Mechanical mechanism of bolted structure forming in strong fissured surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(9):1 435–1 439.(in Chinese))
[19]韦四江,勾攀峰.锚杆预紧力对锚固体强度强化的模拟实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):1 987–1 993.(WEI Sijiang,GOU Panfeng.Analogy simulation test on strengthening effect for pretention of bolts on anchorage body[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):1 987–1 993.(in Chinese))
[20]林健,孙志勇.锚杆支护金属网力学性能与支护效果实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1 542–1 548.(LIN Jian,SUN Zhiyong.Laboratory studies on mechanical performance and supporting function of bolt metal meshes[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1 542–1 548.(in Chinese))
[2]王志达,龚晓南,蔡智军.浅埋暗挖隧道开挖进尺的计算方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2007,28(增1):497–500.(WANG Zhida,GONG Xiaonan,CAI Zhijun.Research on calculation method of digging length in tunnel with underground excavation under shallow cover[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(Supp.1):497–500.(in Chinese))
[3]鲁岩,邹喜正,刘长友.基于修正普氏拱的巷道锚杆支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(4):461–464.(LU Yan,ZOU Xizheng,LIU Changyou.Roadway bolt supporting technique based on modified natural arch[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2007,24(4):461–464.(in Chinese))
[4]张玉国,谢康和,何富连,等.锚网索支护软煤综放面开切眼围岩稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 298–3 304.(ZHANG Yuguo,XIE Kanghe,HE Fulian,et al.Study on surrounding rock stability of working face supported by bolt-mesh-anchor in soft and thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 298–3 304.(in Chinese))
[5]贾俊峰.煤巷片帮类型及锚固机理研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2005,36(1):93–95.(JIA Junfeng.Study on the failure style and its control method of soft ribs[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2005,36(1):93–95.(in Chinese))
[6]李顺才,张春,缪协兴,等.巷道局部弱支护围岩应力场及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):463–467.(LI Shuncai,ZHANG Chun,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Analysis on stress field and stability of rock surrounding[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):463–467.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,吴拥政,李建波.锚杆支护组合构件的力学性能与支护效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1 057–1 065.(KANG Hongpu,WU Yongzheng,LI Jianbo.Analysis on mechanical performances and supporting function of combination components for rock bolting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1 057–1 065.(in Chinese))
[8]李志兵,张农,韩昌良,等.锚固预紧力与预紧力矩相互关系的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):189–193.(LI Zhibing,ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,et al.Relationship between pre-tightening force and tightening torque[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2012,41(2):189–193.(in Chinese))
[9]王襄禹,柏建彪,胡忠超.基于变形压力分析的有控卸压机理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(3):313–317.(WANG Xiangyu,BAI Jianbiao,HU Zhongchao.Research on the mechanism of pressure relief based on the analysis of compressive stress deformation[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(3):313–317.(in Chinese))
[10]谢广祥,常聚才.深井巷道控制围岩最小变形时空耦合一体化支护[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):183–187.(XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai.Study of space-time coupled and integrative supporting method of controlling the minimum deformation of surrounding rock in deep mine roadway[J].Journal of Chinese University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(2):183–187.(in Chinese))
[11]潘卫东,刘家敦,魏立科.工作面跨巷道开采的安全岩柱厚度与加强支护技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):580–586.(PAN Weidong,LIU Jiadun,WEI Like.Safety rock stratum thickness and reinforced support technology during mining face striding crosscuts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):580–586.(in Chinese))
[12]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机理与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1–7.(WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts cables in gateroad with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1–7.(in Chinese))
[13]赵一鸣.煤矿巷道树脂锚固体力学行为及锚杆杆体承载特性研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1 423–1 424.(ZHAO Yiming.Study on mechanical behavior of epoxy bonded bolt system and bolt bearing characteristic in coal mine roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1 423–1 424.(in Chinese))
[14]肖同强,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部大断面厚顶煤巷道围岩稳定原理及控制[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1 874–1 880.(XIAO Tongqiang,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Stability principle and control of surrounding rock in deep coal roadway with large section and thick top-coal[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1 874–1 880.(in Chinese))
[15]李英杰,张顶立,宋义敏,等.软弱破碎深埋隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1 138–1 147.(LI Yingjie,ZHANG Dingli,SONG Yimin,et al.Experimental research of progressive damage of surrounding rock for soft fractured deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1 138–1 147.(in Chinese))
[16]康红普,林健,杨景贺,等.松软破碎硐室群围岩应力分布及综合加固技术[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):808–814.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,YANG Jinghe,et al.Stress distribution and synthetic reinforcing technology for chamber group with soft and fractured surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):808–814.(in Chinese))
[17]刘爱卿,鞠文君,许海涛,等.锚杆预紧力对节理岩体抗剪性能影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):391–396.(LIU Aiqing,JU Wenjun,XU Hatao,et al.Experimental study on the effect of bolt prestress on the shear behavior of jointed rockmass[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):391–396.(in Chinese))
[18]翟英达.多裂隙围岩中锚固结构形成的力学机理[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(9):1 435–1 439.(ZHAI Yingda.Mechanical mechanism of bolted structure forming in strong fissured surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(9):1 435–1 439.(in Chinese))
[19]韦四江,勾攀峰.锚杆预紧力对锚固体强度强化的模拟实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):1 987–1 993.(WEI Sijiang,GOU Panfeng.Analogy simulation test on strengthening effect for pretention of bolts on anchorage body[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):1 987–1 993.(in Chinese))
[20]林健,孙志勇.锚杆支护金属网力学性能与支护效果实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1 542–1 548.(LIN Jian,SUN Zhiyong.Laboratory studies on mechanical performance and supporting function of bolt metal meshes[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1 542–1 548.(in Chinese))
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