硫酸盐还原菌处理含硫酸盐有机废水的原理及其应用
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摘要
含硫酸盐有机废水多元污染物并存,严重影响水体生态环境,危害人体健康,是目前水污染控制领域面临的难题与关注的焦点。在目前所采用的生物法水处理中,硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是降解该类废水的关键微生物。重点阐述了SRB处理含硫酸盐有机废水的原理和相关技术的研究进展,详细介绍了SRB的分类、相关检测技术及其在水处理领域的应用现状和存在的问题,并通过分析SRB在醇类、羧酸、烃类和大分子有机物降解方面的应用,指出将硫酸盐最终转化为单质硫并回收高纯度硫是SRB处理含硫酸盐有机废水今后的发展方向。
Because of the production of sulphide,which is highly reactive,corrosive and toxic,organic wastewater containing sulphate is one of the focus in the control of water pollution.Sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB)are anaerobic microorganisms that use sulphate as a terminal electron acceptor by degrading organic compounds,which plays an important part in the treatment of sulphate-containing wastewater.SRB have been studied for more than 100 years,but it is only with the emergence of new genomic techniques and molecular biology that we have begun to obtain accurate information on their way of life.Therefore,this paper intends to provide a research review of mechanism and methods for treatment of organic wastewater containing sulphate by SRB,particularly introduces the classification of SRB and its application in organic wastewater treatment and proposes the application prospects of SRB after the analysis of its application in alcohol,carboxylic acid,hydrocarbon and organic macromolecules wastewater treatment.Finally,the paper gives a discussion on the problems of the treatment of organic wastewater containing sulphate by SRB.To realize resource utilization,future research should break through the traditional concept of bio-desulfurization and contend to develop a high efficiency process for the simultaneous removal of organic compounds and sulfate,and control the elemental sulfur production as a final product.
Because of the production of sulphide,which is highly reactive,corrosive and toxic,organic wastewater containing sulphate is one of the focus in the control of water pollution.Sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB)are anaerobic microorganisms that use sulphate as a terminal electron acceptor by degrading organic compounds,which plays an important part in the treatment of sulphate-containing wastewater.SRB have been studied for more than 100 years,but it is only with the emergence of new genomic techniques and molecular biology that we have begun to obtain accurate information on their way of life.Therefore,this paper intends to provide a research review of mechanism and methods for treatment of organic wastewater containing sulphate by SRB,particularly introduces the classification of SRB and its application in organic wastewater treatment and proposes the application prospects of SRB after the analysis of its application in alcohol,carboxylic acid,hydrocarbon and organic macromolecules wastewater treatment.Finally,the paper gives a discussion on the problems of the treatment of organic wastewater containing sulphate by SRB.To realize resource utilization,future research should break through the traditional concept of bio-desulfurization and contend to develop a high efficiency process for the simultaneous removal of organic compounds and sulfate,and control the elemental sulfur production as a final product.
引文
[1]任南琪.高浓度难降解有机工业废水生物处理技术关键[J].给水排水,2010,36(9):1-3.
[2]李祥,黄勇,袁怡,等.自养厌氧硫酸盐还原/氨氧化反应器启动特性[J].化工学报,2012,63(8):2606-2611.
[3]闵航.厌氧微生物学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992.
[4]Widdel F,Hansen T A.The dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur-reducing bacteria[M]//The Prokaryotes.A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria:Ecophysiology,Isolation,Identification,Applications.New York:Springer,1992:583-624.
[5]Renze T H,Shang Y Y,Gatze L.Thermophilic sulphate and sulphite reduction in labscale gaslift reactors using H2and CO2as energy and carbon source[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1997,55(5):807-814.
[6]Castro H F,Williams N H,Ogram A.Phylogeny of sulfate reducing bacterial[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2000,31(1):1-9.
[7]Kristian D,Sharp R J,McCarthy A J.Development of oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers for detecting phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing bacteria[J].Microbiology,2000,146(7):1693-1705.
[8]Alexander L,Lehner A,Lee N.Oligonucleotide microarray for16SrRNA gene-based detection of all recognized lineages of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the environment[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(10):5064-5081.
[9]万逸.硫酸盐还原菌的电化学快速检测研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2012.
[10]Gilmour C C,Elias D A,Kucken A M,et al.Sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ND132as a model for understanding bacterial mercury methylation[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2011,77(12):3938-3951.
[11]Elisabeth K,Burkhard K,Jan H P,et al.Biotic methylation of mercury by intestinal and sulfate-reducing bacteria and their potential role in mercury accumulation in the tissue of the soil living Eisenia foetida[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,69(4):202-211.
[12]Zhao C Q,Yang Q H,Chen W Y.Isolation of a sulfate reducing bacterium and its application in sulfate removal from tannery wastewater[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(56):11966-11971.
[13]Krishnakumar B,Majumdar S,Manilal V B,et al.Treatment of sulphide containing wastewater with sulphur recovery in a novel reverse fluidized loop reactor(RFLR)[J].Water Research,2005,39(4):639-647.
[14]Xu X J,Chen C,Wang A J,et al.Enhanced elementary sulfur recovery in integrated sulfate-reducing,sulfur-producing rector under micro-aerobic condition[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:517-521.
[15]Li W,Ma F,Zhao G.Composition and dynamics of sulfate-reducing bacteria during the waterflooding process in the oil field application[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(8):2643-2650.
[16]Jing G,Xia L P,Wang L Y,et al.Diversity and distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria in four petroleum reservoirs detected by using 16SrRNA and dsrAB genes[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2013,76:58-66.
[17]张伟,刘丛强,刘涛泽,等.荧光原位杂交在喀斯特山地土壤硫酸盐还原菌检测中的应用[J].微生物学通报,2008(8):1273-1277.
[18]Scheid D,Stubner S,Conrad R.Identification of rice root associated nitrate,sulfate and ferric Iron reducing bacteria during root decomposition[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2004,50(2):101-110.
[19]Chou T Y,Whiteley C G,Lee D J.Anodic potential on dualchambered microbial fuel cell with sulphate reducing bacteria biofilm[J/OL].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(25):15580-15589[2014-03].http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013,04,074.
[20]Gaylarde C,Cook P.New rapid methods for the identification of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].International Biodeterioration,1990,26(5):337-45.
[21]Smith A D.Immunofluorescence of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Archives of Microbiology,1982,133(2):118-21.
[22]Jan W J,Chi T M,Hulshoff P L,et al.The effect of sulphate on methanol conversion in mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors[J].Process Biochemistry,2001,38(9):1259-1266.
[23]Jan W J,Hulshoff P L,Lettinga G,et al.Performance of a thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reducing high rate anaerobic reactor fed with methanol[J].Biodegradation,2000,11(6):429-439.
[24]Kousi P,Remoundaki E,Hatzikioseyian A,et al.Metal precipitation in an ethanol-fed fixed-bed sulphate-reducing bioreactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,189(3):677-684.
[25]Kazuhiro T.Anaerobic oxidation of 1,5-pentanediol,2-butanol,and 2-propanol by a newly isolated sulfate-reducer[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1992,73(5):362-365.
[26]Kazuhiro T.Anaerobic oxidation of isobutyl alcohol,1-pentanol,and 2-methoxyethanol by Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Marburg[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1992,73(6):503-504
[27]Arnaldo S,Zaiat M.Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor(AnSBR)using butanol as the carbon source[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(6):1537-1541.
[28]夏涛.硫酸盐还原菌对厌氧消化促进作用的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[29]Oyekola O O,van Hille R P,Harrison S T L.Kinetic analysis of biological sulphate reduction using lactate as carbon source and electron donor:Effect of sulphate concentration[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2010,65(16):4771-4781.
[30]García J L.Relations between acidogenesis and the utilization of lactate,sulfate and nitrate during anaerobic digestion[C]//Simposio Panamericano de Combustiblesy Productos Químicos via Fermentación“Avances en Digestión Anaeróbica”.Guatemala,ICAITI,1982:20-29.
[31]Stefanie J W H,Luppens S B I,Marcelis C L M,et al.Kinetics of acetate oxidation by two sulfate reducers isolated from anaerobic sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(6):2301-2303.
[32]Paulo P L,Kleerebezem R,Lettinga G,et al.Cultivation of highrate sulfate reducing sludge by pH-based electron donor dosage[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2005,118(1):107-116.
[33]Cao J Y,Zhang G J,Mao Z S,et al.Influence of electron donors on the growth and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012,106:58-64.
[34]Warounsak L,Annachhatre A P.Electron donors for biological sulfate reduction[J].Biotechnology Advances,2007,25(5):452-463.
[35]Fang H H P,Liu Y,Chen T.Effect of sulfate on anaerobic degradation of benzoate in UASB reactors[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1997,123(4):320-328
[36]Widdel F,Kohring G W,Mayerz F.Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids III.characterization of the filamentous gliding Desulfonema limicola gen.nov.,sp.nov.,and Desulfonema magnum sp.nov.[J].Archives of Microbiology,1983,134(4):286-294.
[37]Olaf K,Musat F,Sievert S M,et al.Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons by marine sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Nature,2007,449(18):898-901.
[38]Aeckersberg F,Rainey F A,Widdel F.Growth,natural relationships,cellular fatty acids and metabolic adaptation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that utilize long-chain alkanes under anoxic conditions[J].Archives of Microbiology,1998,170(5):361-369.
[39]Cravo L C,Matheron R,Cayol J L,et al.Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans gen.nov.,sp.nov.,n-alkane-and n-alkene-degrading,sulfate-reducing bacterium[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54:77-83.
[40]So C M,Young L Y.Isolation and characterization of a sulfate reducing bacterium that anaerobically degrades alkanes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,67(7):2969-2976.
[41]冀忠伦,周立辉,任建科,等.长庆油田原油集输系统H2S次生机理分析[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(1):67-70.
[42]Galushko A S,Rozanova E P.Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene by apure culture of a novel type of marine sulphate reducing bacterium[J].Environmental Microbiology,1999,1(5):415-420.
[43]Knittel K,Boetius K,Lemke A,et al.Activity,distribution,and diversity of sulphate reducers and other bacteria in sediment above gas hydrate[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2003,20(4):269-294.
[44]Alfons J M S,Muyzer G.The ecology and biotechnology of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6:441-454.
[45]Yamashita T,Yamamoto-Ikemoto R.Role of sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation bacteria on denitrification using cedar as the organic carbon source[J].Environmental Engineering Research,2006,43:169-179.
[46]Sjstrm E.Wood Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications[M].New York:Academic Press,1993.
[47]Rabus R,Hansen A T,Widdel F.Dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes[M].3rd ed.New York:Springer,2006.
[48]Roman H,Madikane M,Pletschke B I,et al.The degradation of lignocellulose in a chemically and biologically generated sulphidic environment[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(7):2333-2339.
[49]Pareek S,Azuma J I,Matsui S,et al.Degradation of lignin and lignin model compound under sulfate reducing condition[J].Water Science&Technology,2001,44(2/3):351-358.
[50]Gustavo M,Gregor F F,JoséA D,et al.Influence of feed time and sulfate load on the organic and sulfate removal in an ASBR[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(17):6642-6650.
[51]Silva R,Cadorin L,Rubio J.Sulphate ions removal from an aqueous solution:I.Co-precipitation with hydrolysed aluminumbearing salts[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(15):1220-1226.
[52]Li J,Wang J,Luan Z,et al.Biological sulfate removal from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using a two-stage UASB reactor[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(2):343-350.
[53]Wang A J,Du D Z,Ren N Q.An Innovative process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by Thiobacillus denitrifican[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,2005,40A(10):1939-1950.
[2]李祥,黄勇,袁怡,等.自养厌氧硫酸盐还原/氨氧化反应器启动特性[J].化工学报,2012,63(8):2606-2611.
[3]闵航.厌氧微生物学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992.
[4]Widdel F,Hansen T A.The dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur-reducing bacteria[M]//The Prokaryotes.A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria:Ecophysiology,Isolation,Identification,Applications.New York:Springer,1992:583-624.
[5]Renze T H,Shang Y Y,Gatze L.Thermophilic sulphate and sulphite reduction in labscale gaslift reactors using H2and CO2as energy and carbon source[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1997,55(5):807-814.
[6]Castro H F,Williams N H,Ogram A.Phylogeny of sulfate reducing bacterial[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2000,31(1):1-9.
[7]Kristian D,Sharp R J,McCarthy A J.Development of oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers for detecting phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing bacteria[J].Microbiology,2000,146(7):1693-1705.
[8]Alexander L,Lehner A,Lee N.Oligonucleotide microarray for16SrRNA gene-based detection of all recognized lineages of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the environment[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(10):5064-5081.
[9]万逸.硫酸盐还原菌的电化学快速检测研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2012.
[10]Gilmour C C,Elias D A,Kucken A M,et al.Sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ND132as a model for understanding bacterial mercury methylation[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2011,77(12):3938-3951.
[11]Elisabeth K,Burkhard K,Jan H P,et al.Biotic methylation of mercury by intestinal and sulfate-reducing bacteria and their potential role in mercury accumulation in the tissue of the soil living Eisenia foetida[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,69(4):202-211.
[12]Zhao C Q,Yang Q H,Chen W Y.Isolation of a sulfate reducing bacterium and its application in sulfate removal from tannery wastewater[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(56):11966-11971.
[13]Krishnakumar B,Majumdar S,Manilal V B,et al.Treatment of sulphide containing wastewater with sulphur recovery in a novel reverse fluidized loop reactor(RFLR)[J].Water Research,2005,39(4):639-647.
[14]Xu X J,Chen C,Wang A J,et al.Enhanced elementary sulfur recovery in integrated sulfate-reducing,sulfur-producing rector under micro-aerobic condition[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:517-521.
[15]Li W,Ma F,Zhao G.Composition and dynamics of sulfate-reducing bacteria during the waterflooding process in the oil field application[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(8):2643-2650.
[16]Jing G,Xia L P,Wang L Y,et al.Diversity and distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria in four petroleum reservoirs detected by using 16SrRNA and dsrAB genes[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2013,76:58-66.
[17]张伟,刘丛强,刘涛泽,等.荧光原位杂交在喀斯特山地土壤硫酸盐还原菌检测中的应用[J].微生物学通报,2008(8):1273-1277.
[18]Scheid D,Stubner S,Conrad R.Identification of rice root associated nitrate,sulfate and ferric Iron reducing bacteria during root decomposition[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2004,50(2):101-110.
[19]Chou T Y,Whiteley C G,Lee D J.Anodic potential on dualchambered microbial fuel cell with sulphate reducing bacteria biofilm[J/OL].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(25):15580-15589[2014-03].http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013,04,074.
[20]Gaylarde C,Cook P.New rapid methods for the identification of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].International Biodeterioration,1990,26(5):337-45.
[21]Smith A D.Immunofluorescence of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Archives of Microbiology,1982,133(2):118-21.
[22]Jan W J,Chi T M,Hulshoff P L,et al.The effect of sulphate on methanol conversion in mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors[J].Process Biochemistry,2001,38(9):1259-1266.
[23]Jan W J,Hulshoff P L,Lettinga G,et al.Performance of a thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reducing high rate anaerobic reactor fed with methanol[J].Biodegradation,2000,11(6):429-439.
[24]Kousi P,Remoundaki E,Hatzikioseyian A,et al.Metal precipitation in an ethanol-fed fixed-bed sulphate-reducing bioreactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,189(3):677-684.
[25]Kazuhiro T.Anaerobic oxidation of 1,5-pentanediol,2-butanol,and 2-propanol by a newly isolated sulfate-reducer[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1992,73(5):362-365.
[26]Kazuhiro T.Anaerobic oxidation of isobutyl alcohol,1-pentanol,and 2-methoxyethanol by Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Marburg[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1992,73(6):503-504
[27]Arnaldo S,Zaiat M.Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor(AnSBR)using butanol as the carbon source[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(6):1537-1541.
[28]夏涛.硫酸盐还原菌对厌氧消化促进作用的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[29]Oyekola O O,van Hille R P,Harrison S T L.Kinetic analysis of biological sulphate reduction using lactate as carbon source and electron donor:Effect of sulphate concentration[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2010,65(16):4771-4781.
[30]García J L.Relations between acidogenesis and the utilization of lactate,sulfate and nitrate during anaerobic digestion[C]//Simposio Panamericano de Combustiblesy Productos Químicos via Fermentación“Avances en Digestión Anaeróbica”.Guatemala,ICAITI,1982:20-29.
[31]Stefanie J W H,Luppens S B I,Marcelis C L M,et al.Kinetics of acetate oxidation by two sulfate reducers isolated from anaerobic sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(6):2301-2303.
[32]Paulo P L,Kleerebezem R,Lettinga G,et al.Cultivation of highrate sulfate reducing sludge by pH-based electron donor dosage[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2005,118(1):107-116.
[33]Cao J Y,Zhang G J,Mao Z S,et al.Influence of electron donors on the growth and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012,106:58-64.
[34]Warounsak L,Annachhatre A P.Electron donors for biological sulfate reduction[J].Biotechnology Advances,2007,25(5):452-463.
[35]Fang H H P,Liu Y,Chen T.Effect of sulfate on anaerobic degradation of benzoate in UASB reactors[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1997,123(4):320-328
[36]Widdel F,Kohring G W,Mayerz F.Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids III.characterization of the filamentous gliding Desulfonema limicola gen.nov.,sp.nov.,and Desulfonema magnum sp.nov.[J].Archives of Microbiology,1983,134(4):286-294.
[37]Olaf K,Musat F,Sievert S M,et al.Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons by marine sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Nature,2007,449(18):898-901.
[38]Aeckersberg F,Rainey F A,Widdel F.Growth,natural relationships,cellular fatty acids and metabolic adaptation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that utilize long-chain alkanes under anoxic conditions[J].Archives of Microbiology,1998,170(5):361-369.
[39]Cravo L C,Matheron R,Cayol J L,et al.Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans gen.nov.,sp.nov.,n-alkane-and n-alkene-degrading,sulfate-reducing bacterium[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54:77-83.
[40]So C M,Young L Y.Isolation and characterization of a sulfate reducing bacterium that anaerobically degrades alkanes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,67(7):2969-2976.
[41]冀忠伦,周立辉,任建科,等.长庆油田原油集输系统H2S次生机理分析[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(1):67-70.
[42]Galushko A S,Rozanova E P.Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene by apure culture of a novel type of marine sulphate reducing bacterium[J].Environmental Microbiology,1999,1(5):415-420.
[43]Knittel K,Boetius K,Lemke A,et al.Activity,distribution,and diversity of sulphate reducers and other bacteria in sediment above gas hydrate[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2003,20(4):269-294.
[44]Alfons J M S,Muyzer G.The ecology and biotechnology of sulphate-reducing bacteria[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6:441-454.
[45]Yamashita T,Yamamoto-Ikemoto R.Role of sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation bacteria on denitrification using cedar as the organic carbon source[J].Environmental Engineering Research,2006,43:169-179.
[46]Sjstrm E.Wood Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications[M].New York:Academic Press,1993.
[47]Rabus R,Hansen A T,Widdel F.Dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes[M].3rd ed.New York:Springer,2006.
[48]Roman H,Madikane M,Pletschke B I,et al.The degradation of lignocellulose in a chemically and biologically generated sulphidic environment[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(7):2333-2339.
[49]Pareek S,Azuma J I,Matsui S,et al.Degradation of lignin and lignin model compound under sulfate reducing condition[J].Water Science&Technology,2001,44(2/3):351-358.
[50]Gustavo M,Gregor F F,JoséA D,et al.Influence of feed time and sulfate load on the organic and sulfate removal in an ASBR[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(17):6642-6650.
[51]Silva R,Cadorin L,Rubio J.Sulphate ions removal from an aqueous solution:I.Co-precipitation with hydrolysed aluminumbearing salts[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(15):1220-1226.
[52]Li J,Wang J,Luan Z,et al.Biological sulfate removal from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using a two-stage UASB reactor[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(2):343-350.
[53]Wang A J,Du D Z,Ren N Q.An Innovative process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by Thiobacillus denitrifican[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,2005,40A(10):1939-1950.
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