基于因子分析的虚拟现实环境评价方法
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摘要
针对当前虚拟现实技术研究中对体验评价关注较少的问题,提出了基于因子分析的虚拟现实环境评价方法。首先,基于语义差异法进行调查问卷设计,并根据需求设定七级李克特量表分值标准,同时在虚拟现实环境中随机选取多个采样点,让受试者在这些采样点依据感觉程度差异给出不同的分值作为体验评价数据;然后,根据主成分分析法(PCA)进行因子提取,得到公共因子;最后,进行因子分析,利用最大方差法对因子载荷矩阵进行旋转,旋转后的因子累积方差不变,不影响主成分提取,但结果更加明显。使用该方法在贵州某传统聚落的虚拟现实系统上进行了实验,提取了虚拟现实环境中影响空间认知评价的5个重要影响因子。使用这些因子进行虚拟环境设计,可以提高用户的漫游效率和舒适度。
In order to solve the problem of little attention paid to experience evaluation in the research of virtual reality technology, a method of virtual reality environment evaluation based on factor analysis was proposed. Firstly, the questionnaire was designed based on semantic difference method. A seven-level Likert scale score standard was set up on demand. Meanwhile several sampling points were randomly selected in the virtual reality environment, where different scores were given as experience evaluation data by the subjects according to their diffefent sensory degrees. Secondly, factor extraction was performed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA), obtaining common factors. Finally, factor analysis was carried out, and the factor load matrix was rotated by the maximum variance method without change of thefactor cumulative variance and affect of the principal component extraction but more obvious results were obtained. Experiments were carried out on the virtual reality system of a traditional settlement in Guizhou with the proposed method, extracting and five important factors influencing spatial cognitive evaluation in virtual reality environment were extracted. The virtual reality environment designed with these five factors can bring the user a comfortable and effective roaming experience.
In order to solve the problem of little attention paid to experience evaluation in the research of virtual reality technology, a method of virtual reality environment evaluation based on factor analysis was proposed. Firstly, the questionnaire was designed based on semantic difference method. A seven-level Likert scale score standard was set up on demand. Meanwhile several sampling points were randomly selected in the virtual reality environment, where different scores were given as experience evaluation data by the subjects according to their diffefent sensory degrees. Secondly, factor extraction was performed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA), obtaining common factors. Finally, factor analysis was carried out, and the factor load matrix was rotated by the maximum variance method without change of thefactor cumulative variance and affect of the principal component extraction but more obvious results were obtained. Experiments were carried out on the virtual reality system of a traditional settlement in Guizhou with the proposed method, extracting and five important factors influencing spatial cognitive evaluation in virtual reality environment were extracted. The virtual reality environment designed with these five factors can bring the user a comfortable and effective roaming experience.
引文
[1] 周忠,周颐,肖江剑.虚拟现实增强技术综述[J].中国科学:信息科学,2015,45(2):157-180.
[2] 王丹婷,蒋友燏.古建筑三维虚拟建模与虚实交互软件实现[J].计算机应用,2017,37(S2):186-189.
[3] 林一,陈靖,刘越,等.基于心智模型的虚拟现实与增强现实混合式移动导览系统的用户体验设计[J].计算机学报,2015,38(2):408-422.
[4] 贾奋励,张威巍,游雄.虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架初探[J].遥感学报,2015,19(2):179-187.
[5] 苑思楠,张玉坤.基于虚拟现实技术的城市街道网络空间认知实验[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(3):228-234.
[6] 林珲,黄凤茹,鲁学军,等.虚拟地理环境认知与表达研究初步[J].遥感学报,2010,14(4):822-838.
[7] 周希,宛小昂,杜頔康,等.不连续虚拟现实空间中的再定向[J].心理学报,2016,48(8):924-932.
[8] 傅业焘,罗仕鉴,周煜啸.基于感性意象的动漫角色形象评价[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2011,45(9):1544-1552.
[9] 郭雯雯,严冬晴,李早.基于SD法的宜兴市蜀山古南街夏季温湿环境评价研究[J].安徽建筑,2014(4):40-41.
[10] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法16——SD法[J].中国园林,2004(10):54-58.
[11] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法15——因子分析[J].中国园林,2004(9):73-78.
[12] HORN J L.A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis[J].Psychometrika,1965,30(2):179-185.
[13] 赵建军,贺宇航,黄润秋,等.基于因子分析法的边坡稳定性评价指标权重[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(2):325-330.
[14] 赵雪雁,尹爱华,陈翠峰.城市居民对周边旅游地的旅游意愿研究——以兰州市为例[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(1):110-118.
[2] 王丹婷,蒋友燏.古建筑三维虚拟建模与虚实交互软件实现[J].计算机应用,2017,37(S2):186-189.
[3] 林一,陈靖,刘越,等.基于心智模型的虚拟现实与增强现实混合式移动导览系统的用户体验设计[J].计算机学报,2015,38(2):408-422.
[4] 贾奋励,张威巍,游雄.虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架初探[J].遥感学报,2015,19(2):179-187.
[5] 苑思楠,张玉坤.基于虚拟现实技术的城市街道网络空间认知实验[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(3):228-234.
[6] 林珲,黄凤茹,鲁学军,等.虚拟地理环境认知与表达研究初步[J].遥感学报,2010,14(4):822-838.
[7] 周希,宛小昂,杜頔康,等.不连续虚拟现实空间中的再定向[J].心理学报,2016,48(8):924-932.
[8] 傅业焘,罗仕鉴,周煜啸.基于感性意象的动漫角色形象评价[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2011,45(9):1544-1552.
[9] 郭雯雯,严冬晴,李早.基于SD法的宜兴市蜀山古南街夏季温湿环境评价研究[J].安徽建筑,2014(4):40-41.
[10] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法16——SD法[J].中国园林,2004(10):54-58.
[11] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法15——因子分析[J].中国园林,2004(9):73-78.
[12] HORN J L.A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis[J].Psychometrika,1965,30(2):179-185.
[13] 赵建军,贺宇航,黄润秋,等.基于因子分析法的边坡稳定性评价指标权重[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(2):325-330.
[14] 赵雪雁,尹爱华,陈翠峰.城市居民对周边旅游地的旅游意愿研究——以兰州市为例[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(1):110-118.
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