连续流系统中好氧段及沉淀段对污泥及其缺氧段脱氮能力的影响
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摘要
在好氧段3种溶解氧(DO)[3. 0～3. 5 mg·L~(-1)(Ⅰ阶段)、2. 0～2. 5 mg·L~(-1)(Ⅱ阶段)和1. 5～2. 0 mg·L~(-1)(Ⅲ阶段)]的A~2/O实验系统,考察了本段及后续沉淀阶段污泥的变化,以及对系统缺氧段反硝化的影响,并与DO为1. 5～2. 0 mg·L~(-1)的缺氧-好氧(A/O)系统进行了对比.结果表明,沉淀阶段污泥开始发生反硝化作用,脱氮碳源由内、外碳源同时提供;沉淀污泥优先利用外碳源进行反硝化;好氧段DO为1. 5～2. 0 mg·L~(-1)时,沉淀阶段污泥的硝酸盐还原酶活力及反硝化活性最强,此时A~2/O系统缺氧段的反硝化效果也最佳;在与A~2/O系统相同污泥负荷下的A/O系统中,好氧段后污泥中细菌胞内残留的PHB含量要高于A~2/O系统; A~2/O系统沉淀段污泥的反硝化活性高于A/O系统,其硝酸盐还原酶活力是A/O系统的1. 08倍;该污泥回流后,尽管硝态氮充分但A/O系统缺氧段反硝化效果却较A~2/O系统差;沉淀阶段污泥的脱氮性能直接关系到缺氧段反硝化效果.因此,本研究认为在保证沉淀污泥反硝化不严重影响泥水分离的前提下,污水生物脱氮工程中应适当控制好氧段运行、维持沉淀池污泥适当反硝化来提升系统的脱氮效能,而不能仅仅是考虑控制缺氧段.
Using an A~2/O process with three dissolved oxygen( DO) levels [3. 0-3. 5 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅰ stage),2. 0-2. 5 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅱstage),1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅲ stage) ],the sludge and denitrification characteristics of its aerobic unit and sedimentation unit were investigated and compared with that of an anoxic-aerobic( A/O) process with a DO content of 1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1). The results showed that denitrification in the sedimentation unit was accomplished with both internal and external carbon sources, but sludge's denitrification was more efficient with the use of external carbon sources. Nitrate reductase activity and denitrification activity in the sludge in sedimentation unit were highest when DO content was 1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1) under aerobic conditions,and the denitrification efficiency of the A~2/O process was greatest under anoxic conditions. The residual PHB in the aerobic A/O process was higher than that in the A~2/O process with experimental sludge loading. The denitrification activity of the sludge in the A/O process was higher,and the nitrate reductase activity was 1. 08 times higher than that in the A/O process. After returnning of the sludge,denitrification in the anoxic A/O process was poor,although the removal of nitrate nitrogen was sufficient. In comparison,denitrification in the anoxic unit of the A~2/O process was better. Denitrification of the sludge in the sedimentation unit was directly related to denitrification in the anoxic unit. Therefore,to ensure that denitrification in sedimentation unit does not seriously affect the separation of sludge and water,appropriate control of the aerobic operation and the maintenance of denitrification in the sedimentation unit will contribute more to the denitrification efficiency of the system rather than simply controlling the level of anoxia.
Using an A~2/O process with three dissolved oxygen( DO) levels [3. 0-3. 5 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅰ stage),2. 0-2. 5 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅱstage),1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1)( Ⅲ stage) ],the sludge and denitrification characteristics of its aerobic unit and sedimentation unit were investigated and compared with that of an anoxic-aerobic( A/O) process with a DO content of 1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1). The results showed that denitrification in the sedimentation unit was accomplished with both internal and external carbon sources, but sludge's denitrification was more efficient with the use of external carbon sources. Nitrate reductase activity and denitrification activity in the sludge in sedimentation unit were highest when DO content was 1. 5-2. 0 mg·L~(-1) under aerobic conditions,and the denitrification efficiency of the A~2/O process was greatest under anoxic conditions. The residual PHB in the aerobic A/O process was higher than that in the A~2/O process with experimental sludge loading. The denitrification activity of the sludge in the A/O process was higher,and the nitrate reductase activity was 1. 08 times higher than that in the A/O process. After returnning of the sludge,denitrification in the anoxic A/O process was poor,although the removal of nitrate nitrogen was sufficient. In comparison,denitrification in the anoxic unit of the A~2/O process was better. Denitrification of the sludge in the sedimentation unit was directly related to denitrification in the anoxic unit. Therefore,to ensure that denitrification in sedimentation unit does not seriously affect the separation of sludge and water,appropriate control of the aerobic operation and the maintenance of denitrification in the sedimentation unit will contribute more to the denitrification efficiency of the system rather than simply controlling the level of anoxia.
引文
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[2]彭永臻,王晓莲,王淑莹.A/O脱氮工艺影响因素及其控制策略的研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(8):1053-1057.Peng Y Z,Wang X L,Wang S Y.Study on influence factors and control strategies of A/O nitrogen removal process[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2005,37(8):1053-1057.
[3]Spérandio M,Queinnec I.Online estimation of wastewater nitrifiable nitrogen,nitrification and denitrification rates,using ORP and DO dynamics[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49(1):31-38.
[4]马勇,彭永臻,孙洪伟.A/O生物脱氮工艺内循环回流和外碳源投加综合控制的优化[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1203-1209.Ma Y,Peng Y Z,Sun H W.Optimization of nitrate recirculation flow and external carbon dosage integrated control for A/Obiological nitrogen removal process[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(5):1203-1209.
[5]李贺.城市污水A/O生物脱氮过程中反硝化制约机理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014.Li H.Study on conditionality of denitrification in A/O process for municipal wastewater treatment[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2014.
[6]Olsson G,Newell B.Wastewater treatment system:modelling,diagnosis and control[M].London:IWA Publishing,1999.
[7]方芳,鲍晓静,操家顺.溶解氧对活性污泥胞内贮存物和除磷性能的影响[J].环境工程,2012,30(6):8-11.Fang F,Bao X J,Cao J S.Influence of dissolved oxygen on storage formation and phosphorus removal in activated sludge[J].Environmental Engineering,2012,30(6):8-11.
[8]周健,罗固源,刘国涛,等.间歇曝气系统中硝酸盐氮负荷对脱氮效率的影响[J].四川环境,1998,17(3):1-5.Zhou J,Luo G Y,Liu G T,et al.Influence of the nitrate nitrogen loading on denitrification efficiency in intermittent aeration system[J].Sichuan Environment,1998,17(3):1-5.
[9]李培,潘杨.A2/O工艺内回流中溶解氧对反硝化的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(1):103-106.Li P,Pan Y.Influence of DO in internal reflux of A2/O process on denitrification[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,35(1):103-106.
[10]王晓莲,彭永臻.A2/O法污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术与应用[M].北京:科学教育出版社,2009.
[11]Marsili-Libelli S.Dynamic modelling of sedimentation in the activated sludge process[J].Civil Engineering Systems,1993,10(3):207-224.
[12]Ghawi A,Kri2 J.Improvement performance of secondary clarifiers by a computational fluid dynamics model[J].Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering,2011,19(4):1-11.
[13]Baumann B,Snozzi M,Zehnder A J,et al.Dynamics of denitrification activity of Paracoccus denitrificans in continuous culture during aerobic-anaerobic changes[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1996,178(15):4367-4374.
[14]Siegrist H,Krebs P,Bühler R,et al.Denitrification in secondary clarifiers[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(2):205-214.
[15]张帆,袁晓东.小红门污水处理厂A2/O工艺优化运行研究[J].给水排水,2009,35(9):42-46.Zhang F,Yuan X D.Study on operation optimization of A2/Oprocess in Xiaohongmen wastewater treatment plant[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(9):42-46.
[16]Wild D,Von Schulthess R,Gujer W.Synthesis of denitrification enzymes in activated sludge:modelling with structured biomass[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,30(6):113-122.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]吕景花.厌氧释磷上清液侧流化学磷回收对主流生物除磷系统的影响研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.Lv J H.Study on the effects of chemical phosphorus recovery from supernatants of anaerobic stage in sidestream on the performance of main stream system of EBPR[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015.
[19]陈钧辉,陶力,朱婉华,等.生物化学实验[M].(第三版).北京:科学出版社,2003.
[20]杜晓娜.反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累影响因素与稳定运行[D].天津:天津大学,2016.Du X N.Factors affecting nitrite accumulation and operation stability during biological denitrification[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
[21]徐伟锋,陈银广,顾国维,等.A2/O污水处理工艺中基质转化机理研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(11):2228-2232.Xu W F,Chen Y G,Gu G W,et al.Research on substrate transformation mechanism in A2/O process[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(11):2228-2232.
[22]吴昌永,彭永臻,王然登,等.溶解氧浓度对A2/O工艺运行的影响[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(3):5-9.Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Wang R D,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on performance of A2/O process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(3):5-9.
[23]赵丽君,方芳,郭劲松,等.溶解氧对SBR脱氮性能与脱氮方式的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1148-1154.Zhao L J,Fang F,Guo J S,et al.Impacts of dissolved oxygen level on nitrogen remval efficiencies and pathways in a sequential batch reactor[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(3):1148-1154.
[24]刘晓伟,谢丹平,李开明,等.溶解氧变化对底泥酶活性及微生物多样性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(6):6-11.Liu X W,Xie D P,Li K M,et al.Effects of variation of DO on the enzyme activity and microbial diversity in sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(6):6-11.
[25]徐亚同.不同碳源对生物反硝化的影响[J].环境科学,1994,15(2):29-32,44.Xu Y T.Influence of different carbon sources on denitrification[J].Environmental Science,1994,15(2):29-32,44.
[26]姜应和,李超.树皮填料补充碳源人工湿地脱氮初步试验研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):158-164.Jiang Y H,Li C.Preliminary study on denitrification capacity of constructed wetlands filled by bark[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):158-164.
[27]Takai T,Hirata A,Yamauchi K,et al.Effects of temperature and volatile fatty acids on nitrification-denitrification activity in small-scale anaerobic-aerobic recirculation biofilm process[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,35(6):101-108.
[28]Liu G Q,Wang J M.Long-term low DO enriches and shifts nitrifier community in activated sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(10):5109-5117.
[29]Van Niel E W J,Arts P A M,Wesselink B J,et al.Competition between heterotrophic and autotrophic nitrifiers for ammonia in chemostat cultures[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1993,102(2):109-118.
[30]刘浔,陆少鸣.沉淀池生物污泥回流工艺生物强化作用的研究[J].给水排水,2008,34(9):31-33.Liu X,Lu S M.Study on bio-enhancement effect of biological sludge return in sedimentation tank[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2008,34(9):31-33.
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