贵阳市污水处理厂中典型抗生素的污染水平及生态风险
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摘要
为了解贵阳市污水处理厂对进水中典型抗生素的去除情况及污水处理厂出水对受纳水体中水生生物的影响,对贵阳市两座污水处理厂进出水及受纳水体中9种典型抗生素进行调查.结果表明,污水处理厂进出水中抗生素均有不同程度检出,进出水中抗生素的浓度范围在ND～835. 60 ng·L~(-1)和ND～286. 60 ng·L~(-1)之间,其中氧氟沙星(OFX)浓度最高,进水分别为835. 60 ng·L~(-1)和539. 00 ng·L~(-1),出水分别为11. 74 ng·L~(-1)和286. 60 ng·L~(-1).污水处理厂对抗生素的去除率为-42. 29%～100%,其中四环素(TC)被完全去除.进出水中抗生素的浓度与国内外其它地区污水处理厂相比处于较低水平.通过对受纳水体中抗生素的检测分析发现,受纳水体中OFX的浓度最高,污水处理厂出水是受纳水体中抗生素的来源之一.通过生态风险评估也发现OFX对受纳水体中水生生物存在高风险(RQ> 1).
To determine the removal efficiency of typical antibiotics in Guiyang wastewater treatment plants( WWTPs) and the impact of effluent on aquatic organisms in receiving waters,nine antibiotics in the influent,effluent,and receiving water of two WWTPs in Guiyang City were investigated. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent ranged from 0 to 835. 60 ng·L~(-1) and 0 to286. 60 ng·L~(-1),respectively,and the concentration of ofloxacin( OFX) was highest. Its concentration in the influent was 835. 60 ng·L~(-1) and 539. 00 ng·L~(-1) and in the effluent was 11. 74 ng·L~(-1) and 286. 60 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The removal rate of antibiotics in the WWTPs ranged from-42. 29% to 100%,and tetracycline( TC) was completely removed. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent of the WWTPs in Guiyang City was less than in other regions of China and in other counties. Through the analysis of the antibiotics in the receiving waters,it was found that the concentrations of OFX were higher than other antibiotics,and the WWTPs effluent was one source of antibiotics in the receiving waters. OFX showed a high risk( RQ > 1) for aquatic organisms in the receiving waters,as determined by an ecological risk assessment.
To determine the removal efficiency of typical antibiotics in Guiyang wastewater treatment plants( WWTPs) and the impact of effluent on aquatic organisms in receiving waters,nine antibiotics in the influent,effluent,and receiving water of two WWTPs in Guiyang City were investigated. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent ranged from 0 to 835. 60 ng·L~(-1) and 0 to286. 60 ng·L~(-1),respectively,and the concentration of ofloxacin( OFX) was highest. Its concentration in the influent was 835. 60 ng·L~(-1) and 539. 00 ng·L~(-1) and in the effluent was 11. 74 ng·L~(-1) and 286. 60 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The removal rate of antibiotics in the WWTPs ranged from-42. 29% to 100%,and tetracycline( TC) was completely removed. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent of the WWTPs in Guiyang City was less than in other regions of China and in other counties. Through the analysis of the antibiotics in the receiving waters,it was found that the concentrations of OFX were higher than other antibiotics,and the WWTPs effluent was one source of antibiotics in the receiving waters. OFX showed a high risk( RQ > 1) for aquatic organisms in the receiving waters,as determined by an ecological risk assessment.
引文
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[3] Jiang Y H,Li M X,Guo C S,et al. Distribution and ecological risk of antibiotics in a typical effluent-receiving river(Wangyang River)in North China[J]. Chemosphere,2014,112:267-274.
[4] Kümmerer K. Antibiotics in the aquatic environment-a reviewPart II[J]. Chemosphere,2009,75(4):435-441.
[5] Lindberg R H,Fick J,Tysklind M. Screening of antimycotics in Swedish sewage treatment plants-waters and sludge[J]. Water Research,2010,44(2):649-657.
[6] Zhang D D,Lin L F,Luo Z X,et al. Occurrence of selected antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River in various seasons,South China[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2011,13(7):1953-1960.
[7] López-Serna R,Jurado A,Vázquez-SuéE,et al. Occurrence of95 pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaters underlying the metropolis of Barcelona,Spain[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,174:305-315.
[8] Christian T,Schneider R J,Frber H A,et al. Determination of antibiotic residues in manure,soil,and surface waters[J]. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica,2003,31(1):36-44.
[9] Pei R T,Kim S C,Carlson K H,et al. Effect of river landscape on the sediment concentrations of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes(ARG)[J]. Water Research,2006,40(12):2427-2435.
[10] Hu J,Zhou J, Zhou S Q, et al. Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in a wastewater treatment plant and their biological effects on receiving waters in Guizhou[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2018,113:483-490.
[11] Mulla S I, Hu A Y, Sun Q, et al. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in bacteria from three different origins[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,206:93-102.
[12] Ashfaq M H,Li Y,Wang Y W,et al. Occurrence,fate,and mass balance of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen,China[J]. Water Research,2017,123:655-667.
[13] Garcia-Segura S, Ocon J D, Chong M N. Electrochemical oxidation remediation of real wastewater effluents-a review[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2018,113:48-67.
[14] Li W H,Shi Y L,Gao L H,et al. Occurrence,distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2013,445-446:306-313.
[15]刘虹,张国平,刘丛强,等.贵阳城市污水及南明河中氯霉素和四环素类抗生素的特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):687-692.Liu H, Zhang G P, Liu C Q, et al. Characteristics of chloramphenicol and tetracyclines in municipal sewage and Nanming river of Guiyang city, China[J]. Environmental Science,2009,30(3):687-692.
[16]王娅南,彭洁,黄合田,等.贵阳市城市河流典型抗生素的分布特征[J].环境化学,2018,37(9):2039-2048.Wang Y N, Peng J, Huang H T, et al. Distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics in urban rivers of Guiyang City[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(9):2039-2048.
[17] de Souza S M L,de Vasconcelos E C,Dziedzic M,et al.Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics:an intensive care unit analysis[J]. Chemosphere,2009,77(7):962-967.
[18] Hernando M D, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba A R, et al.Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents,surface waters and sediments[J]. Talanta,2006,69(2):334-342.
[19]柴玉峰,张玉秀,陈梅雪,等.冀西北典型北方小城镇污水处理厂中抗生素的分布和去除[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2724-2731.Chai Y F,Zhang Y X,Chen M X,et al. Distribution and treatment of antibiotics in typical WWTPs in small towns in China[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2724-2731.
[20]甘秀梅,严清,高旭,等.典型抗生素在中国西南地区某污水处理厂中的行为和归趋[J].环境科学,2014,35(5):1817-1823.Gan X M,Yan Q,Gao X,et al. Occurrence and fate of typical antibiotics in a wastewater treatment plant in Southwest China[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(5):1817-1823.
[21] Ben W W,Zhu B,Yuan X J,et al. Occurrence,removal and risk of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants across China:Comparison of wastewater treatment processes[J].Water Research,2018,130:38-46.
[22] Xu J,Xu Y,Wang H M,et al. Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage treatment plant and its effluent-receiving river[J]. Chemosphere,2015,119:1379-1385.
[23] Li W H,Shi Y L,Gao L H,et al. Occurrence and removal of antibiotics in a municipal wastewater reclamation plant in Beijing,China[J]. Chemosphere,2013,92(4):435-444.
[24] Wu M H,Que C J,Xu G,et al. Occurrence,fate and interrelation of selected antibiotics in sewage treatment plants and their receiving surface water[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,132:132-139.
[25]高俊红,王兆炜,张涵瑜,等.兰州市污水处理厂中典型抗生素的污染特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3765-3773.Gao J H,Wang Z W,Zhang H Y,et al. Occurrence and the fate of typical antibiotics in sewage treatment plants in Lanzhou[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(10):3765-3773.
[26] Gbel A K,Thomsen A,Mc Ardell C S,et al. Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides,macrolides,and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(11):3981-3989.
[27]李清雪,刘含雨,刘娟,等.邯郸市两座污水处理厂中磺胺类和β-内酰胺类抗生素迁移转化特征[J].环境化学,2018,37(8):1738-1745.Li Q X, Liu H Y, Liu J, et al. Occurrence and fate of sulfonamide andβ-lactam antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants in Handan[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(8):1738-1745.
[28]周佳虹,张翔宇,李茹莹.抗生素在污水处理系统中的迁移分布研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(8):77-86.Zhou J H,Zhang X Y,Li R Y,et al. Research progress of distribution and migration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment system[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(8):77-86.
[29]金彩霞,陈秋颖,吴春艳,等.环境条件对土壤中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶降解的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(9):10-14.Jin C X,Chen Q Y,Wu C Y,et al. Effect of environmental condition on the degradation of sulfamonomethoxine in soil[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2009,31(9):10-14.
[30]张翔宇,李茹莹,季民.污水生物处理中抗生素的去除机制及影响因素[J].环境科学,2018,39(11):5276-5288.Zhang X Y,Li R Y,Ji M. Mechanisms and influencing factors of antibiotic removal in sewage biological treatment[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(11):5276-5288.
[31] Miao X S,Yang J J,Metcalfe C D. Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater and in biosolids in a municipal wastewater treatment plant[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(19):7469-7475.
[32]陈涛,李彦文,莫测辉,等.广州污水厂磺胺和喹诺酮抗生素污染特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):144-147,180.Chen T,Li Y W,Mo C H,et al. Screening of sulfonamide and fluroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater of sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou, South China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(6):144-147,180.
[33]王莹.安徽部分饮用水源及污水中9种抗生素的污染分布特征[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2012.
[34]张金,宗栋良,常爱敏,等.水环境中典型抗生素SPEUPLC-MS/MS检测方法的建立[J].环境化学,2015,34(8):1446-1452.Zhang J, Zong D L, Chang A M, et al. Determination of common antibiotics in aquatic environment by solid-phase extraction and ultra pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(8):1446-1452.
[35] Rosal R,Rodríguez A,Perdigón-Melón J A,et al. Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation[J]. Water Research,2010,44(2):578-588.
[36] Lindberg R H,Wennberg P,Johansson M I,et al. Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(10):3421-3429.
[37] Senta I, Terzi'c S, Ahel M. Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides,fluoroquinolones,macrolides and trimethoprim in wastewater and river water by LC-Tandem-MS[J].Chromatographia,2008,68(9-10):747-758.
[38] Rodriguez-Mozaz S,Chamorro S,Marti E,et al. Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in hospital and urban wastewaters and their impact on the receiving river[J]. Water Research,2015,69:234-242.
[39] Chen G L,Liu X,Tartakevosky D,et al. Risk assessment of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the groundwater recharge system[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,133:18-24.
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