玛湖致密砾岩油藏水平井体积压裂技术探索与实践
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摘要
玛湖油田致密砾岩油藏油气富集、开发潜力巨大,但成藏条件复杂、岩性致密、储层物性差、非均质性强、砂体跨度大,压裂面临着起裂困难、裂缝复杂程度低、有效支撑难度大、稳产能力差等挑战。针对油藏地质特征与改造难点,秉承"缝控储量"的理念,拓宽非常规油藏体积压裂认识,通过5年的探索与实践,集成了以细分切割为主要特点的致密砾岩油藏水平井体积压裂技术系列。通过速钻桥塞分段、小裂缝间距分簇射孔、大排量逆混合注入相结合,确保段内多簇裂缝高效起裂延展;组合加砂工艺与大液量滑溜水替代瓜尔胶入井相结合,在改善裂缝纵向及远端支撑剂铺置效果、提高裂缝导流能力的同时,实现地层增能蓄能;从而实现了致密砾岩储层的体积改造,确保了压裂改造的长期有效。该项技术目前已在玛湖全区的勘探、评价与产能建设领域推广应用,累计在11区块实施水平井86井次,改造后水平井增产稳产效果显著提升,取得了玛湖致密砾岩油藏效益开发的突破,有效推动了玛湖油田的整体开发和规模效益动用。
Mahu tight conglomerate reservoirs have huge potential of tight oil resource and exploitation. Based on the complex reservoirforming conditions, poor reservoirs property, strong heterogeneity and large sand body span, hydraulic fracturing in this area was facing serious challenges in fracture initiation and proppant placement. Annual production capacity of fractured wells were under expectation. According to the concept of "fracture-controlled reserves", series technologies of subdivision volume fracturing are integrated after 5 years of exploration.High-efficiency initiation and extension of multi-cluster fractures in one section are achieved by using drillability bridge plug segmented, small crack spacing cluster perforation and large displacement inverse mixing injection technologies. The effect of proppant placement and reservoir pressure are improved through multi-scale proppant adding method and increasing the dosage of slippery water to replace the guar gum. The series technologies have been widely applied in 11 blocks and 86 wells in Mahu, including exploration, evaluation and development area. For tight oil reservoir, the fracturing and producing effects have improved and economic development has been realized. Then, development of the total Mahu oilfield is effectively promoted.
Mahu tight conglomerate reservoirs have huge potential of tight oil resource and exploitation. Based on the complex reservoirforming conditions, poor reservoirs property, strong heterogeneity and large sand body span, hydraulic fracturing in this area was facing serious challenges in fracture initiation and proppant placement. Annual production capacity of fractured wells were under expectation. According to the concept of "fracture-controlled reserves", series technologies of subdivision volume fracturing are integrated after 5 years of exploration.High-efficiency initiation and extension of multi-cluster fractures in one section are achieved by using drillability bridge plug segmented, small crack spacing cluster perforation and large displacement inverse mixing injection technologies. The effect of proppant placement and reservoir pressure are improved through multi-scale proppant adding method and increasing the dosage of slippery water to replace the guar gum. The series technologies have been widely applied in 11 blocks and 86 wells in Mahu, including exploration, evaluation and development area. For tight oil reservoir, the fracturing and producing effects have improved and economic development has been realized. Then, development of the total Mahu oilfield is effectively promoted.
引文
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[2]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,吴涛,翟建华.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):14-23.Kuang Lichun,Tang Yong,Lei Dewen,Wu Tao,Zhai Jianhua.Exploration of fan-controlled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in slope zone of Mahu depression in Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):14-23.
[3]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,孟祥超,邹志文.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.Tang Yong,Xu Yang,Qu Jianhua,Meng Xiangchao,Zou Zhiwen.Fandelta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan reservoirs in Mahu sag of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):628-635.
[4]雷德文,瞿建华,安志渊,尤新才,吴涛.玛湖凹陷百口泉组低渗砂砾岩油气藏成藏条件及富集规律[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):642-647.Lei Dewen,Qu Jianhua,An Zhiyuan,You Xincai,Wu Tao.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichment regularity of low-permeability glutenite reservoirs of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(6):642-647.
[5]郭华军,单祥,李亚哲,邹志文,王力宝.玛湖凹陷北斜坡百口泉组储集层物性下限及控制因素[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):63-69.Guo Huajun,Shan Xiang,Li Yazhe,Zou Zhiwen,Wang Libao.Lower limits of reservoir physical properties and controlling factors of Baikouquan Formation on the northern slope of Mahu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):63-69.
[6]况晏,司马力强,瞿建华,温丹妮,陈猛,吴丰.致密砂砾岩储层孔隙结构影响因素及定量评价——以玛湖凹陷玛131井区三叠系百口泉组为例[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):91-100.Kuang Yan,Sima Liqiang,Qu Jianhua,Wen Danni,Chen Meng,Wu Feng.Influencing factors and quantitative evaluation for pore structure of tight glutenite reservoir:a case of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Ma131 well field,Mahu sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):91-100.
[7]黄兴龙,徐阳,曾彦强,徐尚鸿.玛131井区低渗透砂砾岩油藏水平井优化设计研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):97-101.Huang Xinglong,Xu Yang,Zeng Yanqiang,Xu Shanghong.Horizontal well optimization and design of low-permeability glutenite reservoir in wellblock Ma131[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):97-101.
[8]雷群,杨立峰,段瑶瑶,翁定为,王欣,管保山,等.非常规油气“缝控储量”改造优化设计技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):719-726.Lei Qun,Yang Lifeng,Duan Yaoyao,Weng Dingwei,Wang Xin,Guan Baoshan,et al.The“fracture-controlled reserves”based stimulation technology for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):719-726.
[9]吴奇,胥云,刘玉章,丁云宏,王晓泉,王腾飞.美国页岩气体积改造技术现状及对我国的启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):2-7.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Liu Yuzhang,Ding Yunhong,Wang Xiaoquan,Wang Tengfei.The current situation of stimulated reservoir volume for shale in U.S.and its inspiration to China[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(2):2-7.
[10]林旺,范洪富,王志平,童敏,王少军,刘立峰.致密油藏体积压裂水平井产量预测研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(6):107-113.Lin Wang,Fan Hongfu,Wang Zhiping,Tong Min,Wang Shaojun,Liu Lifeng.Prediction on production of volume fractured horizontal well in tight reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(6):107-113.
[11]王昕,杨斌,王瑞.吐哈油田低饱和度油藏地质工程一体化效益勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):38-45.Wang Xin,Yang Bin,Wang Rui.Beneficial exploration based on geology-engineering integration in low-saturation oil reservoirs of Tuha oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):38-45.
[12]何海波.致密油水平井缝网增能重复压裂技术实践[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(4):170-176.He Haibo.Pracice of re-fracturing with network energization for horizontal well in tight oil reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(4):170-176.
[13]邹才能,杨智,朱如凯,张国生,侯连华,吴松涛,等.中国非常规油气勘探开发与理论技术进展[J].地质学报,2015,20(1):979-1007.Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Zhu Rukai,Zhang Guosheng,Hou Lianhua,Wu Songtao,et al.Progress in China’s unconventional oil&gas exploration and development and theoretical technologies[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,20(1):979-1007.
[14]邹才能,陶士振,白斌,杨智,朱如凯,侯连华,等.论非常规油气与常规油气的区别和联系[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(1):1-16.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Bai Bin,Yang Zhi,Zhu Rukai,Hou Lianhua,et al.Differences and relations between unconventional and conventional oil and gas[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(1):1-16.
[15]孟庆民,张士诚,郭先敏,陈新浩,张云.砂砾岩水力裂缝扩展规律初探[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(4):119-123.Meng Qingmin,Zhang Shicheng,Guo Xianmin,Chen Xinhao,Zhang Yun.A primary investigation on propagation mechanism for hydraulic fractures in glutenite formation[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(4):119-123.
[16]李宁,张士诚,马新仿,邹雨时,陈铭,李四海,等.砂砾岩储层水力裂缝扩展规律试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(10):2383-2392.Li Ning,Zhang Shicheng,Ma Xinfang,Zou Yushi,Chen Ming,Li Sihai,et al.Experimental study on the propagation mechanism of hydraulic fracture in glutenite formations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2383-2392.
[17]M?yner O,Krogstad S,Lie K A.The application of flow diagnostics for reservoir management[J].SPE Journal,2014,20(2):A429.
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