弥散性走滑条件下底辟构造特征研究:以莺歌海盆地为例
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摘要
实验以莺歌海底辟构造为典型实例设计3组砂箱物理模型,探讨弧形弥散性基底走滑与上覆同构造沉积对底辟构造样式及演化过程的影响。砂箱物理模拟表明:物质变形主要集中在弥散性剪切带内、且断裂特征与底辟带形成演化具有一定耦合性。底辟带断裂欠发育、以塑性应变为主,仅在底辟翼部和顶部分别形成小型逆冲断层和放射状裂隙;但底辟带外缘普遍发育高角度弥散性走滑断裂体系。沿弧形走滑剪切方向,底辟物质斜向生长由倾向外弧逐渐转变为倾向内弧,导致其平面上为非对称结构形态。同构造沉积地层与底辟相互作用控制了底辟生长结构及上覆地层的变形,底辟通过逐渐减小刺穿以响应上覆沉积载荷的增加。基于比例模型模拟结果与莺歌海盆地典型底辟带构造特征具有一定相似性,揭示出莺歌海盆地底辟构造及分布特征受红河断裂带弥散性走滑与同构造沉积过程共同控制。
Three sets of models were designed and restricted with the typical examples of mud-fluid diapirs in Yinggehai Basin so as to discuss the effect of distributed shear and syntectonic sedimentation on the evolution process of structural style of diapir structures.The experiments indicate that the deformation mainly concentrated in the distributed shear zone and the characteristics of fault system was correspondent to the evolution of the diapir zone.There were many high angle strike-slip faults outside the diapiric zone,while in the diapiric zone,there were only some small thrust faults along the diapiric margin and radial fractures on the top of the diapir.Along the shear direction,the flow direction of diapired materials gradually changed from dipping toward outer arc to inner arc and formed an asymmetric shape in plane.The interaction between syntectonic sedimentary deposition and diapirism controlled the growing structure of diapir and the deformation of overlying layers.On the top of diapir structure,it became smaller in responding to the increase of overlying sedimentary loading.The results of scaled analogue experiments conducted are similar to the typical diapiric zone in Yinggehai Basin.It is considered that the diapir structural style and the distribution in Yinggehai Basin are controlled by both distributed strike-slip movement of the Red River fault zone and syntetonic sedimentary process.
Three sets of models were designed and restricted with the typical examples of mud-fluid diapirs in Yinggehai Basin so as to discuss the effect of distributed shear and syntectonic sedimentation on the evolution process of structural style of diapir structures.The experiments indicate that the deformation mainly concentrated in the distributed shear zone and the characteristics of fault system was correspondent to the evolution of the diapir zone.There were many high angle strike-slip faults outside the diapiric zone,while in the diapiric zone,there were only some small thrust faults along the diapiric margin and radial fractures on the top of the diapir.Along the shear direction,the flow direction of diapired materials gradually changed from dipping toward outer arc to inner arc and formed an asymmetric shape in plane.The interaction between syntectonic sedimentary deposition and diapirism controlled the growing structure of diapir and the deformation of overlying layers.On the top of diapir structure,it became smaller in responding to the increase of overlying sedimentary loading.The results of scaled analogue experiments conducted are similar to the typical diapiric zone in Yinggehai Basin.It is considered that the diapir structural style and the distribution in Yinggehai Basin are controlled by both distributed strike-slip movement of the Red River fault zone and syntetonic sedimentary process.
引文
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[22] Cohen H A,Mcclay K.Sedimentation and shale tectonics of the northwestern Niger Delta front[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,1996,13(3):313-328.
[23] Hubbert M K.Theory of scale models as applied to the study of geologic structures[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1937,48(9-12):1 459-1 519.
[24] Henza A A,Withjack M O,Schlische R W.Normal-fault development during two phases of non-coaxial extension:An experimental study[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32(11):1 656-1 667.
[25] Vendeville B C,Jackson M P A.The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned extension[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,1992,9(4):331-353.
[26] Duerto L,Mcclay K.The role of syntectonic sedimentation in the evolution of doubly vergent thrust wedges and foreland folds[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1 051-1 069.
[27] 韩光明,李绪深,童传新,等.莺歌海盆地中央底辟带油气垂向运移通道研究[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(3):62-69.
[2] 龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分布与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997,1-498.
[3] 裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):573-578.
[4] Saein A F.Folding style controlled by intermediate decollement thickness change in the Lurestan region (NW of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt),using analogue models[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2017,106:1 525-1 537.
[5] Brun J P,Fort X.Salt tectonics at passive margins:Geology versus models[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2011,28(6):1 123-1 145.
[6] Callot J P,Trocme V,Letouzey J,et al.Pre-existing salt structures and the folding of the Zagros Mountains[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2012,363(1):545-561.
[7] Koyi H A,Ghasemi A,Hessami K,et al.The mechanical relationship between strike-slip faults and salt diapirs in the Zagros fold–thrust belt[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2008,165(6):1 031-1 044.
[8] Talbot C J,Aftabi P.Geology and models of salt extrusion at Qum Kuh,central Iran[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2004,161(2):321-334.
[9] Alsop G I,Weinberger R,Marco S,et al.Fault and fracture patterns around a strike-slip influenced salt wall[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2018,106:103-124.
[10] 单家增,董伟良.莺歌海盆地泥底辟构造动力学成因机制的高温高压模拟实验[J].中国海上油气:地质,1996,10(4):209-214.
[11] 邓宾,杨刚,赖冬,等.弧形走滑砂箱构造物理模型及其大地构造意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(1):99-108.
[12] Dooley T P,Schreurs G.Analogue modelling of intraplate strike-slip tectonics:A review and new experimental results[J].Tectonophysics,2012,574-575(s 574-575):1-71.
[13] 郭令智,钟志洪,王良书,等.莺歌海盆地周边区域构造演化[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(1):1-12.
[14] Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J].Geology,1982,10(12):611-616.
[15] Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1-4):3-84.
[16] Zhu M,Graham S,Mchargue T.The Red River Fault zone in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2009,476(3):397-417.
[17] 谢玉洪,李绪深,童传新,等.莺琼盆地高温超压天然气成藏理论与勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2015.
[18] Clift P D,Sun Z.The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin,South China Sea:Implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon intensification[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2006,111:B06405.
[19] Lei C,Ren J,Clift P D,et al.The structure and formation of diapirs in the Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(5):980-991.
[20] Mcclay K R.Extensional fault systems in sedimentary basins:a review of analogue model studies [J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,1990,7(3):206-233.
[21] Panien M,Schreurs G,Pfiffner A.Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling:insights from grain characterisation,ring-shear tests and analogue experiments[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(9):1 710-1 724.
[22] Cohen H A,Mcclay K.Sedimentation and shale tectonics of the northwestern Niger Delta front[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,1996,13(3):313-328.
[23] Hubbert M K.Theory of scale models as applied to the study of geologic structures[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1937,48(9-12):1 459-1 519.
[24] Henza A A,Withjack M O,Schlische R W.Normal-fault development during two phases of non-coaxial extension:An experimental study[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32(11):1 656-1 667.
[25] Vendeville B C,Jackson M P A.The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned extension[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,1992,9(4):331-353.
[26] Duerto L,Mcclay K.The role of syntectonic sedimentation in the evolution of doubly vergent thrust wedges and foreland folds[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1 051-1 069.
[27] 韩光明,李绪深,童传新,等.莺歌海盆地中央底辟带油气垂向运移通道研究[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(3):62-69.
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