夏尔希里自然保护区草地表层土壤理化性质与海拔高度的关系
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摘要
为了探究夏尔希里自然保护区草地表层土壤理化性质与海拔高度的关系,在保护区内选取具有代表性的草地样地共15个,以不同海拔高度土壤为试验材料,采用野外调查与室内试验相结合的方法,对保护区草地表层土壤理化性质进行定量分析。结果显示:在不同海拔高度上,草地表层土壤物理性质指标之间差异显著(P<0. 05)。土壤容重、饱和含水率、自然含水率、孔隙度均与海拔高度呈极显著相关(P<0. 01),土壤容重随海拔升高逐渐降低,在海拔2 142. 24 m处出现最小值,为0. 91 g·cm~(-3)。在不同海拔高度上,草地表层土壤化学指标之间差异显著(P<0. 05),土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数变化范围为3. 72%～11. 98%、1. 25%～3. 25%、0. 121%～0. 159%,且均随海拔高度升高而逐渐增加,在海拔高度2 142. 24 m处出现最大值,而pH值变化规律与其相反。不同海拔高度处草地表层土壤理化性质不同,在海拔高度2 142. 24 m处草地表层土壤理化性能总体最好,在海拔高度835. 23 m处最差。从不同土壤类型看,草地表层土壤理化性能综合表现为黑钙土>栗钙土>棕钙土。
To explore the relationship between physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil and altitude in the Xarxili Nature Reserve,15 representative grassland surface soil samples were acquired from different altitudes in the protected area and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were quantitatively analyzed by field investigation and laboratory tests. The results show that there were significant differences(P<0. 05)in soil physical property indices in the grassland surface at different altitudes. Soil bulk density,saturated moisture content,natural water content,and porosity content were significantly correlated with altitude(P<0. 01),and soil bulk weight decreased gradually with the increasing of altitudes,having a minimum value of 0. 91 g·cm~(-3) at 2 142. 24 m. There were also significant differences in chemical indices of the grassland surface soil at different altitudes(P<0. 05). The variation ranges of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus mass fractions were 3. 72%-11. 98%,1. 25%-3. 25%,and 0. 121%-0. 159%,respectively,all increasing with the increase of altitude. The maximum values were observed at the altitude of2 142. 24 m. However,the pH value changed in the opposite direction. The physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil varied with different altitudes with the best at the altitude of 2 142. 24 m and the worst at the altitude of835. 23 m. For different soil types,the physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil comprehensively manifest in the order of black calcium soil > chestnut soil > brown calcium soil.
To explore the relationship between physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil and altitude in the Xarxili Nature Reserve,15 representative grassland surface soil samples were acquired from different altitudes in the protected area and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were quantitatively analyzed by field investigation and laboratory tests. The results show that there were significant differences(P<0. 05)in soil physical property indices in the grassland surface at different altitudes. Soil bulk density,saturated moisture content,natural water content,and porosity content were significantly correlated with altitude(P<0. 01),and soil bulk weight decreased gradually with the increasing of altitudes,having a minimum value of 0. 91 g·cm~(-3) at 2 142. 24 m. There were also significant differences in chemical indices of the grassland surface soil at different altitudes(P<0. 05). The variation ranges of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus mass fractions were 3. 72%-11. 98%,1. 25%-3. 25%,and 0. 121%-0. 159%,respectively,all increasing with the increase of altitude. The maximum values were observed at the altitude of2 142. 24 m. However,the pH value changed in the opposite direction. The physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil varied with different altitudes with the best at the altitude of 2 142. 24 m and the worst at the altitude of835. 23 m. For different soil types,the physical and chemical properties of grassland surface soil comprehensively manifest in the order of black calcium soil > chestnut soil > brown calcium soil.
引文
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[3]郝成元,张永领,吴绍洪.岭谷组合地形的植被空间变异性对比及成因[J].山地学报,2009,27(1):14-23.[HAO Cheng-yuan,ZHANG Yong-ling,WU Shao-hong.Comparisons on EVI Spatial Variation and Causes Exploration Among Different Mountains in the Southwest Yunnan Province of China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2009,27(1):14-23.]
[4]刘世梁,马克明,傅伯杰,等.北京东灵山地区地形土壤因子与植物群落关系研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4):496-502.[LIU Shi-liang,MA Ke-ming,FU Bo-jie,et al.The Relationship Between Landform,Soil Characteristics and Plant Community Structure in the Donglingshan Mountain Region,Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,27(4):496-502.]
[5]徐长林.坡向对青藏高原东北缘高寒草甸植被构成和养分特征的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):26-35.[XU Chang-lin.Variations in Vegetation Composition and Nutrient Characteristics Related to Aspect in an Alpine Meadow in the Northeast Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(4):26-35.]
[6]王忠臣,钱亦兵,张海燕,等.东天山喀尔里克山北坡-淖毛湖盆地土壤理化性状的空间分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(1):107-114.[WANG Zhong-chen,QIAN Yi-bing,ZHANG Haiyan,et al.Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil PhysicalChemical Properties in the Region of the Northern Slopes of Karlike Range in the East Tianshan Mountains to Naomaohu Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(1):107-114.]
[7]ROSSI R E,MULLA D J,JOURNEL A G,et al.Geostatistical Tools for Modeling and Interpreting Ecological Spatial Dependence[J].Ecological Monographs,1991,62:277-314.
[8]王政权,王庆成.森林土壤物理性质的空间异质性研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):945-950.[WANG Zheng-quan,WANGQing-cheng.The Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Physical Properties in Forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(6):945-950.]
[9]张鹏,张涛,陈年来.祁连山北麓山体垂直带土壤碳氮分布特征及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):518-524.[ZHANG Peng,ZHANG Tao,CHEN Nian-lai.Vertical Distribution Patterns of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen and Related Affecting Factors Along Northern Slope of Qilian Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):518-524.]
[10]孙慧兰,李卫红,杨余辉,等.伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):603-608.[SUN Hui-lan,LIWei-hong,YANG Yu-hui,et al.Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Changing With Altitudes on the Ili Mountainous Region[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(5):603-608.]
[11]马维伟,王辉,王跃思,等.甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度土壤性状研究[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1044-1050.[MA Weiwei,WANG Hui,WANG Yue-si,et al.Study on Soil Properties of Meadow Wetlands for Different Altitudes in Gahai of Gannan[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(6):1044-1050.]
[12]牛赟,刘贤德,敬文茂,等.祁连山北坡土壤特性与植被垂直分布的关系[J].山地学报,2013,31(5):527-533.[NIU Yun,LIUXian-de,JING Wen-mao,et al.Relationship Between Characteristics of Soil and Vertical Distribution of Vegetation on the Northern Slope of Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Mountain Scienceh,2013,31(5):527-533.]
[13]汤萃文,苏研科,王国亚,等.甘肃迭部扎尕那地区山地土壤过程的垂直分带性研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):84-92.[TANG Cui-wen,SU Yan-ke,WANG Guo-ya,et al.Vertical Zonation of Alpine Soil Processes in the Zhagana Area of Diebu,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(1):84-92.]
[14]秦璐,傅德平,杨军,等.艾比湖湿地自然保护区典型群落土壤理化性质分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):144-151.[QIN Lu,FU De-ping,YANG Jun,et al.The Soil Physiochemical Properties of Typical Communities in Ebinur Lake Wetlands Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(8):144-151.]
[15]王渊刚,罗格平,冯异星,等.天山北麓不同土地覆被下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):913-918.[WANG Yuan-gang,LUO Ge-ping,FENG Yi-xing,et al.Vertical Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Different Land Cover Types in Northern Piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):913-918.]
[16]尼加提·乃合买提,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,张文太,等.海拔和坡向对伊犁河谷草地土壤理化性质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(19):129-136.[NIJIATI·Naihemati,AIKEBAIER·Yilahong,ZHANG Wen-tai,et al.Effect of Elevationand Slope Direction on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Grassland in Yili River Valley[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(19):129-136.]
[17]陈蜀江,海鹰,金海龙,等.新疆夏尔希里自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2006:1-25.
[18]钟巧,王勇辉,焦黎.夏尔希里地区土壤重金属含量特征及空间变异分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):360-365.[ZHONG Qiao,WANG Yong-hui,JIAO Li.Characteristics and Spatial Variability of the Soil Heavy Metals Contents in the Xiaerxili Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(3):360-365.]
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:17-23.
[20]郑好,高吉喜,滕彦国,等.大兴安岭南部落叶松人工林与3种典型天然植被对立地土壤性质影响的差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):910-915.[ZHENG Hao,GAO Ji-xi,TENGYan-guo,et al.Impacts of Larix Plantation and Three Other Natural Types of Vegetation on Soil Property in Southern Da Hinggan Mountains[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(6):910-915.]
[21]王昭艳,左长清,曹文洪,等.红壤丘陵区不同植被恢复模式土壤理化性质相关分析[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):715-724.[WANG Zhao-yan,ZUO Chang-qing,CAO Wen-hong,et al.Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils Under Different Vegetation Restoration Models in Red Soil Hilly Region[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(4):715-724.]
[22]袁子茹,任灵,陈建纲,李硕,等.祁连山不同草地类型土壤有机质与全氮分布的关系[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(3):12-16.[YUAN Zi-ru,REN Ling,CHEN Jian-gang,et al.Relationship Between Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen Distribution in Different Grassland Types of Grassland on Qilian Mountain[J].Grassland and Turf,2016,36(3):12-16.]
[23]马国飞,满苏尔·沙比提,张雪琪.托木尔峰国家级自然保护区台兰河上游不同海拔草地土壤持水能力研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):966-972.[MA Guo-fei,MANSUR·Sabit,ZHANGXue-qi.Research on Water Holding Capacity of Grassland Soil at Different Altitudes in the Tuomuer National Nature Reserve[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):966-972.]
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